Health Science 1 Honors Notes PDF

Structural Organization: Cells→Tissues→Organs→Systems→Organisms Vocab: Cytology: Study of cells Histology: Microscopic study of human tissues Microscopic Anatomy: Study of small tissues, organs, and cells that cannot be seen by the naked ey...

Structural Organization: Cells→Tissues→Organs→Systems→Organisms Vocab: Cytology: Study of cells Histology: Microscopic study of human tissues Microscopic Anatomy: Study of small tissues, organs, and cells that cannot be seen by the naked eye Collagen: Fibrous protein occuring in bone and cartilage Elastin: Elastic like fibers found in connective tissue Anatomy: The study of the structure of an organism Physiology: The study of functions of living organisms and their parts Pathophysiology: The study of the disordered physiological processes associated with disease or injury. Cytology: Study of cells Histology: Study Calcify: To deposit mineral salts Cutaneous: Pertaining to the skin Fascia: Band or sheet of fibrous membranes covering, binding, and supporting muscle Graft: To transplant tissue into a body part to replace damaged tissue 4 types of tissues: ​ Connective tissue ​ Epithelial tissue ​ Muscle tissue ​ Nervous tissue (Composed of cell groups) Grouped by: ​ Size ​ Shape ​ Function Epithelial tissue: ​ Protects by covering internal and external surfaces of the body ​ Produces secretions ​ Lines small intestine and esophagus ​ Lines glands ​ Lines respiratory tract and lungs *The skull does not contain epithelial tissue* Epithelial membranes: ​ Mucosa Produces mucus Lubricates and protects linings of organs that lead to outside of the body. ​ Serous Lines closes cavities Makes serous fluid (thin, watery fluid) (3 types (serous)) Parietal membrane: lining of a body cavity Visceral: membrane covering each organ in a body cavity Peritoneal: lines abdominal organs ​ Cutaneous: Membrane on the surface of the skin  Connective tissue: ​ Made up of collagen and elastin 4 Subtypes: ​ Adipose: Fat cells ​ Cartilage: Support and flexibility ​ Tendons: Attachment of muscle to bone ​ Ligaments: Holds bones firmly together at the joints ​ Connective membranes AKA Synovial membrane Lines joints Secretes synovial fluid that prevents friction  Muscular tissue: ​ Cardiac: Striated, Involuntary, Contracts the heart ​ Skeletal: Striated, Voluntary, Attached to the skeleton ​ Smooth: Non-striated, Involuntary, provides movement in various body systems Nervous tissue: (Reacts to stimulation and conducts an impulse)  Skeletal muscle on bone Cardiac on heart Fat gives energy, insulates, protects u Bone is a connective tissue - hard Regeneration-replacement of destroyed tissue w same cells Rough is not a type of muscle issue Smooth muscle in gut Elastic cartilage supports external ear and nose Tendon - connrvtive  Organ Systems: Skeletal (provides support, movement, and protection): skull, ribs, pelvis, humerus, femur Muscular (provides movement, support, protection, and heat): diaphragm, pectoralis major, gluteus maximus Circulatory (pumps blood and transports oxygen): blood, arteries, veins, heart Lymphatic (stimulates immune response and produces lymphocytes): spleen, tonsils, thymus glands, lymph vessels, lymph nodes Respiratory (allows for exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen): lungs, diaphragm, alveoli, larynx, pharynx Digestive (digests foods and absorbs nutrients): esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, liver, stomach Integumentary (protects, regulates body temperature, and provides sensation): skin, sweat glands, hair Nervous (process information): brain, nerves, spinal cord Sensory (provides sensation): eyes, ears, mouth, nose, skin Urinary (allows elimination of urine): bladder, kidneys, urethra, ureters Endocrine (controls body functions): pancreas, thyroid gland, pituitary gland Reproductive (controls reproductive processes): testes, uterus, ovaries, vagina Cardiac and skeletal are striated and adipose = fat