Health and Fitness Instructing - Nervous System PDF

Health and Fitness Instructing Nervous System (SES020C110) Leah Bell  Learning Outcomes Review the structure and function of the CNS and PNS Describe the components of a nerve cell Describe the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic...

Health and Fitness Instructing Nervous System (SES020C110) Leah Bell  Learning Outcomes Review the structure and function of the CNS and PNS Describe the components of a nerve cell Describe the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems Outline the process of reflex arcs Explore associated health conditions and effects of exercise Nerves Nerves  The Nervous System Your nervous system sends electrical messages along your nerves to and from different parts of your body. Stimuli are changes that can be detected Receptors detect the changes Effectors bring about the responses The Chain of events is: Stimulus --> Receptor --> Coordinator --> Effector --> Response The nervous system control your actions. It coordinates different parts of your body so that they work together and can bring about the correct responses Your nervous system coordinates your muscles, so that you can walk, run, write, read etc  The Nervous System The CNS is connected to different parts of the body by nerves. Each nerve is made up of lots of nerve cells or neurones. The main parts of the nervous system are the Brain and the Spinal Cord. Together they are called the Central Nervous System. Sense Organs are our receptors. They send messages to the Central Nervous System telling it what has happened. These messages are sent along Sensor Neurons. Muscles and Glands are our different effectors. The Central Nervous System sends messages telling them what to do. These messages are sent along Motor Neurons.  Nerve Impulses The messages that Nerves carry are called Nerve Impulses. They carry electrical signals. They pass very quickly along the Axon of the Neuron An Impulse travels along the Axon like a train along a track. Each one is separate from the next. They travel along one after the other. Some Axons have a fatty sheath around them. This insulates the Axon and makes the Impulse travel along faster. Reflex Arcs  Overview Nervous system can be subdivided into central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS). Two main cell types - neurons and neuroglia. o Neurons – highly specialised nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses. o Neuroglia - supporting cells that provide physical sport, remove debris and provide electrical insulation. Function - coordinating and controlling many body activities e.g. muscle contraction, awareness of environment and brain activity (memory, emotions and reasoning). Neurons (Sarangi and Paital, 2021) (Fu and Levine, 2013)  References Fu, Q. and Levine, B.D. (2013). Chapter 13 - Exercise and the autonomic nervous system. In: R.M. Buijs and D.F. Swaab, eds., Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier, pp.147–160. Sarangi, A. and Paital, B. (2021). Unilateral colonization of fungal infection presenting as renal mass in young patient: A case report. Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports, 2(6). doi:https://doi.org/10.52768/2766-7820/1451.