HCI Lecture 1.pdf

Human Computer Interaction Dr. Nivin Atef Information System Department [email protected] Course Overview Introduction to HCI Interaction Design Basics Usability Principles User Centered Design Prototyping Evaluation Techniques 2 Marking Schema Grades dist...

Human Computer Interaction Dr. Nivin Atef Information System Department [email protected] Course Overview Introduction to HCI Interaction Design Basics Usability Principles User Centered Design Prototyping Evaluation Techniques 2 Marking Schema Grades distribution: Total 100 Grade Final exam: 50 Year Work: 50 15 Midterm 20 Project and Practical 10 Year work 5 Quiz 3 Human Computer Interaction Human: the person that's using the system. Computer: the machine or the network of machines that run the system. Interaction: the interface that represents the system for the user. 4 Human Computer Interaction Human Computer Interaction is the study, planning, and design of how people and computers work together so that a person’s needs are satisfied in the most effective way. 5 Human Computer Interaction HCI designers must consider a variety of factors: - What people want and expect - What physical limitations and abilities people possess - How their perceptual and information processing systems work - What people find enjoyable and attractive Technical characteristics and limitations of the computer hardware and software must also be considered. 6 Human Computer Interaction Relevant Disciplines 7 Applications of HCI Everyday Life: ATM machines, information Kiosks, railway ticket selling machines, and vending machines, …… etc Education Industry and business Accessibility: building systems accessible to persons with impairments Virtual Reality Voice search, such as Amazon Alexa and Google Voice Search …………. 8 User Interface Design User interface design is a subset of a field of Human-Computer Interaction. Focuses on anticipating what users might need to do and ensuring that the interface has elements that are easy to access, understand, and use to facilitate those actions. 9 User Interface The user interface is the part of a computer and its software that people can see, hear, touch, talk to, or otherwise understand or direct. The user interface has essentially two components: Input: is how a person communicates Output: is how the computer his or her needs or desires to the conveys the results of its computer. computations and requirements to the Keyboard user. mouse display screen trackball person’s auditory capabilities: one’s finger (for touch-sensitive voice and sound. screens), one’s voice (for spoken instructions). 10 Good Design Proper interface design will provide a mix of well-designed input and output mechanisms that satisfy the user’s needs, capabilities, and limitations in the most effective way possible. The best interface is one that it not noticed, one that permits the user to focus on the information and task at hand, not the mechanisms used to present the information and perform the task. 11 The Importance of Good Design (Cont.) A well-designed interface and screen is terribly important to our users. ○ It is their window to view the capabilities of the system. To many, it is the system, being one of the few visible components of the product we developers create. ○ It is also the vehicle through which many critical tasks are presented. ○ These tasks often have a direct impact on an organization’s relations with its customers, and its profitability. 12 The Importance of Good Design (Cont.) A screen’s layout and appearance affect a person in a variety of ways. ○ If they are confusing and inefficient, people will have greater difficulty in doing their jobs and will make more mistakes. ○ Poor design may even chase some people away from a system permanently. It can also lead to aggravation, frustration, and increased stress. 13 Bad Bad design is frustrating and cost lives. Design Medical devices, airplane accidents, and Costs nuclear disasters are just three domains where bad user interfaces and software lives, errors have caused serious injury and many deaths. Money, and Time 14 The Benefits of a Good Design Attempting to improve screen clarity and readability by making screens less crowded. Separate items, which had been combined on the same display line to conserve space, were placed on separate lines instead. ○ The result: screen users were about 20% more productive with the less-crowded version. ○ Reforming a series of screens following many of the same concepts to be described. ○ The result: screen users of the modified screens completed transactions in 25% less time and with 25% fewer errors than those who used the original screens. 15 Our Objective Understand the many considerations that must be applied to the interface and screen design process. Understand the rationale and rules for an effective interface design methodology. Identify the components of graphical and Web interfaces and screens, including windows, menus, and controls. Design and organize graphical screens and Web pages to encourage the fastest and most accurate comprehension and execution of screen features. Explore the foundations of User Experience(UX) design and why it's so important for consumers and businesses. User Centered Design for Designing, Prototyping and Evaluating Interfaces. 16 Design for People People’s tasks, goals, and values drive development Work with users throughout the process Assess decisions from the vantage point of users, their work, and their environment Pay attention to people’s abilities and situation Talk to the actual experts 17  A Brief History of Screen Design Many Fields Vague captions Visually cluttered Monochromatic Ambiguous Green text on black messages Background A 1970s Screen 18  A Brief History of Screen Design (Cont.) Grouping and alignment elements Clear and meaningful field captions Clear Messages A 1980s Screen On screen commands using function Keys 19  A Brief History of Screen Design (Cont.) Borders to visually enhance groupings List boxes and Drop-down boxes Buttons and menus for implementing commands replaced function keys 20 A 1990’s and beyond Screen UI Hall of Shame 21 Redesigned 22 More UI Hall of Shame 23 UI Hall of Shame 24 UI Hall of Shame/Fame 25 Importance of User Interface Usability strongly affects how software is perceived, because the user interface is the means by which the software presents itself to the world. A Harris poll (reported in the Wall Street Journal 11/8/05) found that ease of use (61%), customer service (58%), and no hassle installation (57%) are the most important factors US adults consider when purchasing a new technology product. 26 Importance of User Interface (Cont.) Usable software sells. Conversely, unusable software doesn’t sell. Ex: If a web site is so unusable that shoppers can’t find what they want, or can’t make it through the checkout process, then they will go somewhere else. The usability problems may go unreported. 27 Importance of User Interface (Cont.) In fact, user time is probably getting more expensive every year. Interfaces that waste user time repeatedly over a lifetime of use impose a hidden cost that companies are less and less inclined to pay. For some applications, like customer call centers, saving a few seconds per call may translate into millions of dollars saved per year. 28 User Interfaces are hard to design You (the developer) are not a typical user. You know far more about your application than any user will. This is how usability is different from everything else you learn about software engineering. Usability is about communicating with other users, who are probably not like us (software engineers). The User is always right. Don’t blame the user for what goes wrong. If users consistently make mistakes with some part of your interface, take it as a sign that your interface is wrong, not that the users are dumb. 29 Usability Usability measures how well users can use the system’s functionality. Usability has several dimensions: Learnability: Is it easy to learn? Efficiency: Once learned, is it easy to use? Safety: Are errors few and recoverable? We can quantify all these measures of usability. We can say that interface X is more learnable, or more efficient than interface Y for some set of tasks and some class of users, by designing an experiment that measures the two interfaces. 30 Usability Usability dimensions vary in importance for different classes of users and applications Depends on the user - Beginner users need learnability - Infrequent users need memorability - Experts need efficiency But no user is uniformly beginner or expert 31 Usability is only one attribute of a system Software designers have a lot to worry bout: - Functionality - Usability - Performance - Size - Cost - Reliability - Security - Standards Many design decisions involve tradeoffs among different attributes. 32 Sources Human Computer Interaction, Stanford University User Interface Design and Implementation MIT Open Course Ware ocw.mit.edu Don Norman, the Design of Everyday Things,2013 The Essential Guide to User Interface Design 2nd Edition, Wilbert O. Galitz HCI Classes 33 Thank You