Hana Al-Enzi Lecture 1: Verb Tenses PDF

OVERVIEW OF VERB TENSES This class is aimed at introducing students to the basic tenses in English language. It provides general information about the tenses that students will be exposed to and learn in detail in the upcoming lectures Note: The content of this class and...

OVERVIEW OF VERB TENSES This class is aimed at introducing students to the basic tenses in English language. It provides general information about the tenses that students will be exposed to and learn in detail in the upcoming lectures Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  TOPICS TO BE COVERED 1- The simple tenses 2- The progressive tenses 3- The perfect tenses 4- The perfect progressive tenses Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  1. THE SIMPLE TENSES The simple tenses are of three man types: 1.1. Simple Present In general, the simple present expresses events or situations that exist always, usually, habitually; they exist now, have existed in the past, and probably will exist in the future. Examples: (a) (It snows in Alaska.) (b) (Tom watches TV every day.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  1. THE SIMPLE TENSES 1.2. Simple Past At one particular time in the past, this happened. It began and ended in the past. Examples: (a) (It snowed yesterday.) (b) (Tom watched TV last night.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  1. THE SIMPLE TENSES 1.3. Simple Future At one particular time in the future, this will happen. Examples: (a) (It will snow tomorrow.) (It is going to snow tomorrow.) (f) (Tom will watch TV tonight.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009) (Tom is going to watch TV tonight.)  2.THE PROGRESSIVE TENSES Form: (be + -ing (present participle)) Meaning: (The progressive tenses give the idea that an action is in progress during a particular time. The tenses say that an action begins before, is in progress during, and continues after another time or action.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  2.THE PROGRESSIVE TENSES 2.1. Present Progressive Example: (a) (Tom is sleeping right now.) Meaning of example (a): (It is now 11:00. Tom went to sleep at 10:00 tonight, and he is still asleep. His sleep began in the past, is in progress at the present time, and probably will Continue) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  2.THE PROGRESSIVE TENSES 2.2. Past Progressive Example: (a) (Tom was sleeping when 1 arrived.) Meaning of example (a): (Tom went to sleep at 10:00 last night. I arrived at 11:00. He was still asleep. His sleep began before and was in progress at a particular time in the past. It continued after I arrived.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  2.THE PROGRESSIVE TENSES 2.3. Future Progressive Example: (a) (Tom will be sleeping when we arrive.) Meaning of example (a): (Tom will go to sleep at 10:00 tomorrow night. We will arrive at 11:00. The action of sleeping will begin before we arrive, and it will be in progress at a particular time in the future. Probably his sleep will continue.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  3. THE PERFECT TENSES Form: (have + past participle) Meaning: (The perfect tenses all give the idea that one thing happens before another time or event.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  3. THE PERFECT TENSES 3.1. Present Perfect Example: (a) (Tom has already eaten.) Meaning of example (a): (Tom finished eating sometime before now. The exact time is not important.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  3. THE PERFECT TENSES 3.2. Past Perfect Example: (a) (Tom had already eaten when his friend arrived.) Meaning of example (a): (First Tom finished eating. Later his friend arrived. Tom’s eating was completely finished before another time in the past.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  3. THE PERFECT TENSES 3.3. Future Perfect Example: (a) (Tom will already have eaten when his friend arrives.) Meaning of example (a): (First Tom will finish eating. Later his friend will arrive. Tom’s eating will be completely finished before another time in the future.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  4.THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES Form: (have + been + -ing (present participle)) Meaning: The perfect progressive tenses give the idea that one event is in progress immediately before, up to, until another time or event. The tenses are used to express the duration of the first event. Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  4.THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES 4.1. Present Perfect Progressive Example: (a) (Tom has been studying for two hours.) Meaning of example (a): (Event in progress: studying. When? Before now, up to now. How long? For two hours.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  4.THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES 4.2. Past Perfect Progressive Example: (a) (Tom had been studying for two hours before his friend came.) Meaning of example (a): (Event in progress: studying. When? Before another event in the past. How long? For two hours.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  4.THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES 4.3. Future Perfect Progressive Example: (a) (Tom will have been studying for two hours by the time his friend arrives.) Meaning of example (a): (Event in progress: studying. When? Before another event in the future. How long? For two hours.) Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  SUMMARY CHART OF VERB TENSES Verb Tense Example Simple Present Tom studies every day. Present Progressive Tom is studying right now. Simple Past Tom studied last night. Past Progressive Tom was studying when they came. Simple Future Tom will study tomorrow. Tom is going to study tomorrow. Future Progressive Tom will be studying when they come. Tom is going to be studying when they come. Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)  SUMMARY CHART OF VERB TENSES Verb Tense Example Present Perfect Tom has already studied Chapter 1. Present Perfect Progressive Tom has been studying for two hours. Past Perfect Tom had already studied Chapter 1 before he began studying Chapter 2. Past Perfect Progressive Tom had been studying for two hours before his friends came. Future Perfect Tom will already have studied Chapter 4 Before he studies Chapter 5. Future Perfect Progressive Tom will have been studying for two hours by time his roommate gets home. Note: The content of this class and relevant examples are based on Azar & Hagen (2009)