Halogenated Organic Compounds PDF
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Uploaded by TrendyCarnelian14
Bay Atlantic University
Dr. Zahra Kassem
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Summary
This document provides information and examples on halogenated organic compounds, specifically alkyl halides. The document covers classification, nomenclature, synthesis, and reactions, important topics in organic chemistry.
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11/27/2024 Halogenated Organic Compounds Alkyl Halides ( haloalkanes ; RX) By Dr. Zahra Kassem 11/27/2024 1...
11/27/2024 Halogenated Organic Compounds Alkyl Halides ( haloalkanes ; RX) By Dr. Zahra Kassem 11/27/2024 1 objectives Classification Nomenclature Synthesis Reactions: 1. Preparation of Grignard reagent 2. Nucleophilic substitution reaction: a) Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2) b) Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN1) 11/27/2024 2 1 11/27/2024 Classification 1- Primary Alkyl Halides: 2- Secondary Alkyl Halide: 3- Tertiary Alkyl Halide: 11/27/2024 3 Nomenclature A- Monohalogen Derivation 1. Common Name CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl Propyl Chloride CH3-CH2-Cl Ethyl Chloride Benzyl Chloride 11/27/2024 4 2 11/27/2024 Nomenclature 2. IUPAC Name CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl 1-Chloropropane CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3 3-Chloropentane CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2=CH2 3-Chloro-1-pentene 11/27/2024 5 Nomenclature B-Di-halogen Derivatives Di-halogen Derivatives Geminal Vicinal Di-halides Di-halides e.g. 11/27/2024 6 3 11/27/2024 Nomenclature Geminal Di-halides: 1,1-Dichloroethane 2,2-Dichloropropane 11/27/2024 7 Nomenclature Vicinal Di-halides: IUPAC 11/27/2024 8 4 11/27/2024 Synthesis A- from Hydrocarbons: 11/27/2024 9 Synthesis 11/27/2024 10 5 11/27/2024 Synthesis e.g: 11/27/2024 11 Synthesis B- From alcohols: 11/27/2024 12 6 11/27/2024 Reactions I- Preparation of Grignard reagent: 11/27/2024 13 Reactions II- Nucleophilic substitution reaction: RX + Nu → RNu + X¯ e.g. 11/27/2024 14 7 11/27/2024 Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2) 11/27/2024 15 Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2) e.g. CH₃Br + NaOH → CH₃OH + NaBr 11/27/2024 16 8 11/27/2024 11/27/2024 17 Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN1) 11/27/2024 18 9 11/27/2024 Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN1) 11/27/2024 19 11/27/2024 20 10 11/27/2024 Examples of nucleophilic substitution reaction 11/27/2024 21 11/27/2024 22 11 11/27/2024 Factors affecting nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2 & SN1) 1- Structure of alkyl halide 11/27/2024 23 11/27/2024 24 12 11/27/2024 2- Nature of the nucleophile 11/27/2024 25 N.B. 11/27/2024 26 13 11/27/2024 Application 11/27/2024 27 11/27/2024 28 14
