Fund Of Manage & Economics Lecture Notes PDF

By Dr. M.Abd Elnaby Chapter (3) Organizing  Organizing Definition of organizing "It is the process by which the work is arranged and allocated among members to achieve goals". We will find that organizing consists of two elements Which includes people, tasks, Wh...

By Dr. M.Abd Elnaby Chapter (3) Organizing  Organizing Definition of organizing "It is the process by which the work is arranged and allocated among members to achieve goals". We will find that organizing consists of two elements Which includes people, tasks, Which all these resources, authority, responsibility, components are tied procedures and Goals usefully together  Elements of organizational structure specialization Standardization Coordination Centralization Size of work of activities unit  The importance of organizing 1) Detailing all the work that must be done to attain goals. 2 - Dividing the total work load into activities. 3- Combining the work pf members in a logical and efficient way. 4 - Setting up a mechanism to coordinate the work of members. 5- Monitoring the effectiveness of the organization. Steps of organizing 1) Establishing or reviewing objectives. 2) Identifying various necessary activities required to attain objectives. 3- Grouping activities according to similarity or integration. 4- Assigning each group (unit) to a head 5- Allocating authority and responsibility for all people. 6- Establishing communication networks so as to tie the units and individuals.  Division of labor and specialization Definition of division of labor "It means the breakdown of work into minor tasks to be carried out by individuals according to their abilities and skills" Advantages and dis-advantages of division of labor Advantages of division of labor (1) higher productivity (3) Better efficiency (2) Better quality (4) Speed  Dis- Advantages of division of labor 1) Loosing interest in job 2) The work becomes monotonous 3) Minimum competition among workers 4) Loosing the achievement motive 5) Job dis - satisfaction& lower morale 6) Higher level of labor turnover  How can we overcome dissatisfaction resulting from specialization? 1) Job enlargement 2) By increasing the job scope 3)Job enrichment By increasing the depth of the job  Departmentalization Definition of Departmentalization "It means creating work units based on similar or integrated bases. The organization's departments can be formally structured as follow  1) Organizing by function We bring together all people engaged in similar activities in one organizational unit. Org. Chart  Advantages (1) higher flexibility (2) it suits large firms (3) quicker and better decisions (4) higher levels of integration  Disadvantages (1) difficult to attain ordination and supervision (2) duplication of activities (3) More expensive (4) higher levels of skills are needed  2) Organizing by product According to this approach a special unit to be responsible for production of one product Org. Chart  (3) Organizing by territory According to this approach a special unit is created to be responsible for the needs and problems of specific geographical area. Org. Chart Span of management "It refers to the number of subordinates supervised by one manager“ "There is no an ideal span of management" There is a negative relationship between span of management and the number of organizational levels Span of management could be (1) Narrow span It means that the manager supervise a small number of employees and needs a large number of organizational levels (2) Wide span It means that the manager has the ability to supervise a large number of employees and needs a small number of organizational levels  Definition of coordination It refers to the process of integrating activities and efforts of all organizational members and units to achieve organizational objectives easily and effectively THANK YOU