جزوه اصول و روش ترجمه PDF

www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 2 :‫ازذ دسعي‬ٚ ‫ذؼذاد‬ ّٗ‫ػ ذشخ‬ٚ‫ س‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ اف‬:‫ِٕثغ‬ ‫س عاػذي‬ٛ‫ دورش واظُ ٌيفي پ‬:‫ٌف‬ِٛ ‫د ػٍيّسّذي‬ّٛ‫ ِس‬:‫يٗ وٕٕذٖ اعاليذ‬ٙ‫ذ‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬...

www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 2 :‫ازذ دسعي‬ٚ ‫ذؼذاد‬ ّٗ‫ػ ذشخ‬ٚ‫ س‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ اف‬:‫ِٕثغ‬ ‫س عاػذي‬ٛ‫ دورش واظُ ٌيفي پ‬:‫ٌف‬ِٛ ‫د ػٍيّسّذي‬ّٛ‫ ِس‬:‫يٗ وٕٕذٖ اعاليذ‬ٙ‫ذ‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ىذف‪ :‬آؽٕاعاصي دأؾد‪ٛ‬ياْ‬ ‫سؽرٗ ِرشخّي صتاْ‬ ‫أگٍيغي ‪ ٚ‬واسآِ‪ٛ‬صاْ تا‬ ‫ِمذِاخ ذشخّٗ اعد‪.‬‬ ‫تشاي سعيذْ تٗ ايٓ ٘ذف‪،‬‬ ‫تٗ چ‪ٙ‬اس خضء آِ‪ٛ‬صػ‬ ‫ِرشخّي ذ‪ٛ‬خٗ خ‪ٛ‬ا٘ذ ؽز‪:‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫‪. 1‬صتأؾٕاعي ذشخّٗ‬ ‫‪ٔ. 2‬ظشياخ ذشخّٗؽٕاعاْ ِخرٍف‬ ‫دس تاسٖ ِغائً ذشخّٗ‬ ‫‪. 3‬اسصياتي ّٔ‪٘ٗٔٛ‬ايي اص آثاس‬ ‫ذشخّٗ ؽذٖ‬ ‫‪. 4‬ذشخّٗ ػٍّي‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫دأؾد‪ٛ‬ي ػضيض‬ ‫‪ ‬ؽّا تايذ تسث‪ٙ‬اي ٔظشي‬ ‫اسائٗ ؽذٖ دس دسع‪ٙ‬اي ‪1‬‬ ‫اٌي ‪ 14‬ساِياٌؼٗ وٕيذ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ‬پشعؼ ٘ا ‪ ٚ‬ذّشيٓ ٘اي‬ ‫ٔظشي ٘ش دسط سا‬ ‫أداَ د٘يذ‪،‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫٘ذف اص اسائٗ ايٓ ذّشيٓ ٘ا‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِؼشفي ِؼادي أگٍيغي ِفا٘يُ ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫افيالزاخ اف‪ٛ‬ي ‪ ٚ‬س‪ٚ‬ػ‬ ‫ذشخّٗ‪ ٚ ،‬آِادٖ وشدْ ؽّا‬ ‫دأؾد‪ٛ‬ياْ تشاي خ‪ٛ‬أذْ ‪ ٚ‬دسن‬ ‫ِرٓ ذخققي اف‪ٛ‬ي ذشخّٗ تٗ‬ ‫صتاْ أگٍيغي دس عي‪ٛ‬ذ تؼذي‬ ‫اعد‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ؽّا تايذ ذّشيٕ‪ٙ‬اي ػٍّي‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ذشخّٗ سا تٗ ذذسيح دس‬ ‫ى‪ٛ‬ي ذشَ أداَ د٘يذ‪.‬‬ ‫دس اسصياتي ِر‪ ْٛ‬ذشخّٗ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ؽذٖ تايذ فسد س‪ٚ‬ػ‬ ‫ذشخّٗ اذخار ؽذٖ ٔيض‬ ‫ِ‪ٛ‬سد تسث لشاس گيشد‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫دس ّ٘ٗ صِيٕٗ ٘اي تسث‪ٙ‬اي‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ٔظشي ذشخّٗ ‪ ُ٘ ٚ‬دس‬ ‫ذّشيٕ‪ٙ‬اي ػٍّي ‪ ٚ‬اسصياتي‬ ‫ِر‪ ْٛ‬ذشخّٗ ؽذٖ ِ‪ٙ‬اسخ پيذا‬ ‫وٕيذ ‪ ٚ‬تر‪ٛ‬أيذ تٗ پشعؾ‪ٙ‬اي‬ ‫٘ش تخؼ پاعخ د٘يذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 1 ‫درس‬ ‫تعريف ترجمو‬ Educational Objectives Presenting a definition on translation and discussing the adopted outlook for the purpose of introducing some major issues involved in translation.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Catford‟s Definition of Translation: The replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Task 1 1 ‫خودآزماي‬.‫لطفا يك تكه گچ بياوريد‬ ‫كداميك از متن هاي زير معادلي مناسب براي جمله فارسي فوق است؟‬ (a) Go and bring a piece of chalk! (b) Can you bring a piece of chalk please? (c) Could someone bring a piece of chalk please?  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation (d) Can I ask you to go and bring a piece of chalk please? (e) We don‟t have any chalk to write. (f) Please bring a piece of chalk.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫لثً اص پاعخگ‪ٛ‬يي تٗ ذؼاسيف ريً ذ‪ٛ‬خٗ وٕيذ‪:‬‬ ‫متن‬ ‫٘شِرٓ اسائٗ دٕ٘ذٖ فشايٕذ عخٓ ِرىٍُ تٗ ِخاىة اعد‪.‬‬ ‫فراينذ سخن‬ ‫فشايٕذ رٕ٘ي ‪ ٚ‬پيؼصِيٕٗاي وٗ دس آْ ِرىٍُ تا ذ‪ٛ‬خٗ تٗ يه ٘ذف‬ ‫اسذثاىي ‪ ٚ‬پياِي ِؼيٓ‪ ،‬وٍيٗ ػ‪ٛ‬اًِ ٘ش ِ‪ٛ‬لؼيد والِي ِشت‪ٛ‬ىٗ سا‬ ‫عثه ‪ ٚ‬عٕگيٓ ِيوٕذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Not all of the English utterances given in Task 1 can be considered as the translation equivalence of the given Farsi utterance.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation They are different in terms of the degree of intimacy the speaker assumes between himself and his addressee.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation The utterance (f) is the best translation equivalence, because they are of equal degree of intimacy.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation )a( ‫س‬ٚ‫ يه ذىٗ گچ تيا‬ٚ‫ تش‬- )b( ً‫ٔي يه ذىٗ گح تياسي ٌيفا‬ٛ‫ ِير‬- )c( ‫سيذ؟‬ٚ‫أيذ يه ذىٗ گچ تيا‬ٛ‫ٌيفاً ِيذ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫سيذ‬ٚ‫ يه ذىٗ گح تيا‬ٚ ‫يذ‬ٚ‫ا٘ؼ وُٕ تش‬ٛ‫ُٔ خ‬ٛ‫ ِير‬-- )d( ‫ٌيفاً؟‬ )e(.ُ‫ؽرٓ ٔذاسي‬ٛٔ ‫ گچ تشاي‬- )f(.‫سيذ‬ٚ‫ ٌيفاً يه ذىٗ گچ تيا‬-  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 2 ‫دسط‬ ّٗ‫اع ذشخ‬ٛٔ‫ا‬ Objectives A review of types of translation for a better understanding of the issues involved in translation process.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫اد‬ِٛ ‫اِش ذشخّٗ يا خايگضيٕي‬ ْ‫اد ِرٓ صتا‬ِٛ ‫ِرٓ صتاْ ِثذأ تا‬ ‫اي ِخرٍفي‬ٙ‫ر‬ٙ‫ِمقذ تٗ ػٍٍي خ‬.‫ِّىٓ اعد پيذا وٕذ‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫‪ ٚ‬دس ٘ش ِ‪ٛ‬سد ِٕدش تٗ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫پيذايؼ ذشخّٗ٘ايي ؽ‪ٛ‬د وٗ ٘ش‬ ‫يه ٔؾأٗ تشداؽد ِرفا‪ٚ‬ذي اص‬ ‫خايگضيٕي تاؽذ‪.‬اص خٍّٗ‬ ‫ِيذ‪ٛ‬اْ تٗ ِ‪ٛ‬اسد ريً اؽاسٖ‬ ‫وشد‪:‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ذفا‪ٚ‬خ دس ٔظاِ‪ٙ‬اي د‪ ٚ‬صتاْ ‪ ٚ‬اتضاس٘اي ِرٓ آٔ‪ٙ‬ا‬ ‫‪٘ -‬ذف ِرشخُ اص ذشخّٗ يه ِرٓ‬ ‫‪ِ -‬خاىة يا خ‪ٛ‬إٔذٖ ِرٓ ذشخّٗ ؽذٖ‬ ‫‪ٛٔ ٚ -‬ع يا عياق ِرٓ ِ‪ٛ‬سد ذشخّٗ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ّٗ‫اع ذشخ‬ٛٔ‫ ا‬ٚ ‫سد‬ٛ‫ود ف‬ ‫ْ اعرثٕا تا‬ٚ‫ وٍيٗ ػٕافش ِرٓ ِثذأ تذ‬:ًِ‫ ذشخّٗ وا‬.‫د‬ٛ‫ػٕافش صتاْ ِمقذ خايگضيٓ ِيؽ‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ ذشخّٗ غيشواًِ‪ :‬لغّري اص ِرٓ صتاْ ِثذأ خايگضيٓ‬ ‫ٔؾذٖ تالي ِيِأذ‪.‬‬ ‫ايٓ اِش تخاىش ٔ‪ٛ‬ع ِرٓ ‪ ٚ‬مش‪ٚ‬سذ‪ٙ‬اي ٔاؽي اص آْ‬ ‫اعد‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ :‬ذشخّٗ وراب دعر‪ٛ‬س صتاْ أگٍيغي تٗ فاسعي تا ٘ذف‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫تشسعي ٔظاَ صتاْ أگٍيغي اعد‪.‬‬ ‫دس تغياسي اص ِ‪ٛ‬اسد ٔيض ايٓ واس خٕثٗ آِ‪ٛ‬صؽي داسد‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ٌزا ِرشخُ ِدث‪ٛ‬س اعد تخؾ‪ٙ‬ايي اص ِرٓ صتاْ ِثذأ سا تٗ صتاْ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِمقذ ذشخّٗ وٕذ ‪ ٚ‬تخؾ‪ٙ‬ايي سا ػيٕاً تٗ صتاْ أگٍيغي ٔمً ّٔايذ‬ ‫‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ ِرٓ صتاْ ِثذأ‬:‫ِثاي‬ Nor and neither can be used as negative additive adverbs without being a correlative pair.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ُ٘ ٗ‫ج ت‬ٚ‫ْ ايٕىٗ ص‬ٚ‫اْ تذ‬ٛ‫ سا ِيذ‬neither ٚ nor ‫د امافي ِٕفي‬ٛ‫اْ لي‬ٕٛ‫ تٗػ‬،‫ٔذ‬ٛ‫ب ؽ‬ٛ‫عرٗ ِسغ‬ٛ‫پي‬.‫تٗواس تشد‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ٗ‫ چ‬،‫وال پيؼ فشك ايٓ وٍّاخ آْ اعد وٗ خٍّح لثٍي ِٕفي اعد‬ . 2 ٍّٗ‫ ِإٔذ خ‬،‫ يا مّٕي‬ٚ 1 ٍّٗ‫ ِإٔذ خ‬،‫سخ آؽىاس‬ٛ‫تٗف‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 1. He did not receive any assistance from the authorities nor did he believe their assurance that action would soon be taken.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 2. Many people are only dimly aware of the ways in which the environment can be protected. Nor have governments made sufficient efforts to educate them.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ّٗ٘ ‫ اِش خايگضيٕي ِرٓ صتاْ ِثذأ دس‬:‫ذشخّٗ وٍي‬. ‫د‬ٛ‫ذ اػّاي ِيؽ‬ٛ‫عي‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Example: SL: Translation is a branch of contrastive linguistics..‫ ذشخّٗ ؽاخٗاي اص صتأؾٕاعي ِماتٍٗاي اعد‬:TL  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ذ اػّاي‬ٛ‫ اِش خايگضيٕي دس ّ٘ٗ عي‬:‫د‬ٚ‫ذشخّٗ ِسذ‬.‫د‬ٛ‫ّٔيؽ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Example: SL: Phonology is the study of the sound system of a language. ‫ذي‬ٛ‫ژي ػثاسذغد اص ِياٌؼٗ عيغرُ ف‬ٌٛٛٔٛ‫ ف‬:TL.ْ‫صتا‬ ‫ ترجمه محدود فونولوژي و سيستم‬: ‫توجه‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ذشخّٗ ِسذ‪ٚ‬د‪:‬‬ ‫آ‪ٚ‬اؽٕاعي ػثاسذغد اص ِياٌؼٗ ٔظاَ ف‪ٛ‬ذي صتاْ‪.‬‬ ‫ذ‪ٛ‬خٗ‪ :‬آسايؼ وٍّاخ خٍّٗ أگٍيغي دس فاسعي ٔيض زفظ‬ ‫ؽذٖ اعد‪.‬يؼٕي خايگضيٕي دس عير ٔس‪ ٛ‬دس ايٓ خٍّٗ‬ ‫اػّاي ٔؾذٖ اعد‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ذشخّٗ وٍي‪:‬‬ ‫ِياٌؼح ٔظاَ ف‪ٛ‬ذي صتاْ سا آ‪ٚ‬اؽٕاعي ِئإِذ‬ ‫ذشخّٗ آصاد‪:‬‬ ‫ِرشخُ‪ ،‬پياَ ِرٓ ِثذأ سا تٗف‪ٛ‬سخ آصاد دس چاسچ‪ٛ‬ب‬ ‫صتاْ ِمقذ ذشخّٗ ِيوٕذ ‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫دس ايٓ ٔ‪ٛ‬ع ذشخّٗ‪ ،‬پياَ ‪ِ ٚ‬ؼٕاي ِرٓ ِثذأ زائض اّ٘يد‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اعد ٔٗ ذؼذاد وٍّاخ‪ ،‬خّالخ‪ ،‬ػثاساخ ‪ ٚ‬غيشٖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ :‬خذازافظ تذ‪ ْٚ‬ذ‪ٛ‬خٗ تٗ ذؼذاد ‪ِ ٚ‬ا٘يد دعر‪ٛ‬سي ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِؼٕايي وٍّاخ عاصٔذج آْ‪ ،‬دس أگٍيغي تٗ ‪Good-bye‬‬ ‫ذشخّٗ ِيؽ‪ٛ‬د‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ذشخّٗ ‪ٚ‬اتغرٗ تٗ سديف يا وٍّٗ تٗ وٍّٗ‪:‬‬ ‫ِرشخُ آسايؼ سديفي ِرٓ ِثذأ سا زفظ ِيوٕذ ‪ ٚ‬وٍّٗ سا‬ ‫تٗ وٍّٗ‪ ،‬ػثاسخ سا تٗ ػثاسخ‪ ٚ ،‬خٍّٗ سا تٗ خٍّٗ‬ ‫ذشخّٗ ِئّايذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫د‬ٛ‫اتغرٗ تٗ سديف ” خذازافظ“ ِيؽ‬ٚ ّٗ‫ ذشخ‬:‫ِثاي‬ God protector  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ذشخّٗ ذسداٌٍفظي‪:‬‬ ‫ِرشخُ ذا زذ‪ٚ‬دي وٍّٗ تٗ وٍّٗ ػًّ ِئّايذ ‪ٌٚ‬ي گا٘ي‬ ‫تشاي ت‪ٙ‬رش سعأذْ پياَ‪ ،‬وٍّاخ يا ػٕافشي تٗ صتاْ‬ ‫ِمقذ امافٗ ِيوٕذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation.‫د‬ٛ‫ ذشخّٗ ذسداٌفظي ػثاسخ خذازافظ تٗ أگٍيغي ِيؽ‬:‫ِثاي‬ God protect you.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ع ذشخّٗ تسث‬ٛٔ ٚ‫سد د‬ِٛ ‫) دس‬Newmark, 1981( ‫ِاسن‬ٛ‫ٔي‬ :‫ِيوٕذ‬ ) Semantic Translation ( ‫ذشخّٗ ِؼٕايي‬ (Communicative Translation) ‫ذشخّٗ پياِي‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :‫ِثاي‬ ‫يذ‬ٛ‫سٔگي ٔؾ‬ ‫ذشخّٗ پياِي‬ SL: Wet Paint ‫سٔگ‬ ‫ذشخّٗ ِؼٕايي‬ ‫ب‬ٛ‫ِشى‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ع‬ِّٕٛ ‫اعرؼّاي دخأياخ‬ No Smoking ‫ذشخّٗ پياِي‬ It is forbidden to use tobacco products. ‫ذشخّٗ ِؼٕايي‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 3 ‫دسط‬ ّٗ‫ ذشخ‬ٚ ‫لؼيری‬ِٛ ‫ای‬ٙ‫يژگي‬ٚ Objectives: This lesson will focus on the situational features of a sentence, and will discuss the issue of translation equivalence in this regard.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬يژگی ٘ای ِ‪ٛ‬لؼيری‬ ‫‪ٚ‬ازذ پياَ‪ِ ،‬رٓ (‪ )text‬اعد‪٘ ٚ ،‬ش ِرٓ اص يک يا‬ ‫چٕذ خٍّٗ ذؾکيً ؽذٖ اعد‪.‬خٍّٗ‪ٚ ،‬اخذ ِرٓ اعد ‪ٔ ٚ‬مؼ‬ ‫ػّذٖ ای دس ِرٓ ايفا ِی کٕذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ٚ ‫لؼيد‬ِٛ ‫د تٗ يک‬ٛ‫عو ؽخقی تياْ ِی ؽ‬ٛ‫٘ش خٍّٗ ای کٗ ذ‬ .‫تافد اخرّاػی ذؼٍك داسد‬ :‫يذ‬ٛ‫يی ِی گ‬ٛ‫ اعرادی دس کالط دسط خياب تٗ دأؾد‬:‫ِثاي‬ You haven‟t done the assignment, have you ?  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ای ِ‪ٛ‬لؼيری ايٓ خٍّٗ ػثاسذٕذ اص‪ِ :‬رکٍُ کيغد؟ چٗ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ؽغٍی داسد؟ ِماَ اخرّاػی ‪ٚ‬ی چيغد؟ چٗ ٌثاعی پ‪ٛ‬ؽيذٖ اعد؟‬ ‫چٕذ عاي داسد؟ چٗ اسذثاىی تا ِخاىة داسد؟ ديذگاٖ اخرّاػی‬ ‫‪ٚ‬ی چيغد؟ ِخاىة کيغد؟‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫چٕذ عاي داسد؟ ِشد اعد يا صْ؟ دأؾد‪ٛ‬ی چٗ سؽرٗ ای اعد؟‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫چٗ ساتيٗ ای تا ِرکٍُ داسد؟ چٗ کغأی دس کالط زن‪ٛ‬س داسٔذ‬ ‫‪ ٚ‬چٗ ِی کٕٕذ؟ آيا ِخاىة سا ِی ؽٕاعٕذ؟‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫کالط دسط‪ ،‬اص ٔظش فيضيکی چٗ ‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ايی داسد؟ چٕذ پٕدشٖ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫داسد؟ خٍّٗ دس چٗ صِأی ادا ؽذٖ‪ ،‬ؽة يا س‪ٚ‬ص؟ ‪ ٚ‬غيشٖ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫اسد اذاق‬ٚ ٗ‫لؼيری ِرّايض دخرشی سا ک‬ِٛ ‫ای‬ٙ‫يژگي‬ٚ ‫سد‬ٛ‫ کد ف‬: ٓ‫ تذي‬،‫’ سا ادا ِی کٕذ‬I‟ve arrived‘ ٍّٗ‫ خ‬ٚ ‫د‬ٛ‫ِی ؽ‬ :‫ؽشذ ذؾشير ِی کٕذ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ٚ ‫ يک ؽخـ اعد‬ٚ ‫ا‬ٕٙ‫ ِرکٍُ ذ‬.‫اٌف‬ ‫ ’ دس ِماتً عايش‬I‘ ‫ايٓ اِش دس أرخاب مّيش‬.‫ ِؾخـ اعد‬he ،you ،we ‫مّايش ٔظيش‬ ‫د" کٗ ِٕدش تٗ أرخاب‬ٚ‫س‬ٚ" ًّ‫ ػ‬-‫ب‬ ٖ‫ ؽذ‬eat ‫ يا‬leave ً‫ دس ِمات‬arrive ٍّٗ‫ک‬.‫اعد‬.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬س‪ٚ‬يذاد فؼً ِشت‪ٛ‬ه تٗ گزؽرٗ اعد‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬تٗ ِ‪ٛ‬لؼيد خاسی کالَ اسذثاه داسد‪.‬ايٓ ‪ٚ‬يژگی ِٕدش‬ ‫تٗ أرخاب ف‪ٛ‬سخ فؼٍی صتاْ زاي کاًِ ؽذٖ اعد‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ٖ‪ِٛ -‬لؼيد خاسی خٍّٗ ف‪ٛ‬ق "زاي" ِی تاؽذ‪ ٚ.‬ت‪ّٙ‬يٓ‬ ‫خاىش صِاْ غيش ِامی أرخاب ؽذٖ اعد‪.‬ايٓ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ای ِ‪ٛ‬لؼيری ِرّايض کٗ تذاْ ٘ا اؽاسٖ ؽذ‪ ،‬تشای‬ ‫ذثٍ‪ٛ‬س پياَ ِ‪ٛ‬سد ٔظش ِرکٍُ ِؤثش ِی تاؽٕذ ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Situational Features: All the features, which can be related to any sentence situation, are called situational features.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Distinctive Situational Features: The set of situational features which are contextually relevant to a text, are bundles of distinctive situational features.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Determine the distinctive features of the following sentences: (a) It’s so hot here. (b) I have done my homework. (c) You should call your mother.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ای ِ‪ ُٙ‬صتأی‪ٚ :‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ايی کٗ دس ٔظاَ يکی اص‬ ‫صتأ‪ٙ‬ا ِؤثش ت‪ٛ‬دٖ ‪ ُِٙ ٚ‬ؽّشدٖ ِی ؽ‪ٔٛ‬ذ‪ٌٚ ،‬ی ذأثيشی تش‬ ‫ٔمؼ اسذثاىی ِرٓ ِشت‪ٛ‬ىٗ دس ِ‪ٛ‬لؼيد اسذثاىی ياد ؽذٖ‬ ‫ٔذاسٔذ‪ِ.‬ثً پغ‪ٔٛ‬ذ "َ" دس آِذَ‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ای ِ‪ٔ ُٙ‬مؾی‪ :‬ايٓ ‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ا ذأثيش ِغرميُ تش ٔمؼ‬ ‫اسذثاىی ِرٓ يا خٍّٗ ِشت‪ٛ‬ىٗ دس ِ‪ٛ‬لؼيد اسذثاىی خ‪ٛ‬د‬ ‫داسٔذ‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ذشخّٗ ٔاپزيشی صتأی‪ :‬يک ِرٓ ٕ٘گاِی اص ٔظش صتأی‬ ‫غيش لاتً ذشخّٗ اعد کٗ اص ِياْ ‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ای ِ‪ ُٙ‬صتأی‬ ‫ِرٓ ِثذأ‪ ،‬يک يا چٕذ ‪ٚ‬يژگی‪ ،‬خضء ‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ای ِ‪ٔ ُٙ‬مؾی‬ ‫اسذثاه ِشت‪ٛ‬ىٗ ٔيض ِسغ‪ٛ‬ب ِی ؽ‪ٛ‬د‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫خ‬ٛ‫ ِش خاْ ِشا ل‬ٛ‫ِشخاْ ٌة ٌؼً ذ‬ ‫ِثاي‬ ‫خ‬ٛ‫ يا ل‬ٛ‫ُ ٔاَ ٌة ٌؼً ذ‬ٙٔ ‫خ‬ٛ‫يال‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ذشخّٗ ٔاپزيشی فشٕ٘گی‪ :‬يک ِرٓ ٕ٘گاِی تٗ صتأی‬ ‫ديگش اص ٔظش فشٕ٘گی غيش لاتً ذشخّٗ اعد کٗ اص‬ ‫ِياْ ‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ای ِ‪ٔ ُٙ‬مؾی ِرٓ ِثذأ يک يا چٕذ ‪ٚ‬يژگی‬ ‫دس فشٕ٘گ صتاْ ِمقذ ِ‪ٛ‬خ‪ٛ‬د ٔثاؽذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ً‫ش ِشاعُ دػای کّي‬ٙ‫ اِؾة دس ِغدذ خاِغ ؽ‬:‫ِثاي‬ . ‫د‬ٛ‫تشگضاس ِی ؽ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 4 ‫دسط‬ ّٗ‫ ذشخ‬ٚ ‫صتأؾٕاعي عاخراسي‬ Objectives This lesson aims at introducing some of the basic principles of structural linguistics and discussing the issue of translation equivalence in relation to them  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫خاْ اليٕض (‪ِ )John Lyons‬ؼرمذ اعد وٗ ٘ش صتاْ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫داساي ٔظاَ تيگأٗاي اعد وٗ ػٕافش آْ (يؼٕي آ‪ٚ‬ا٘ا‪،‬‬ ‫وٍّاخ ‪ ٚ‬غيشٖ) ِ‪ٛ‬خ‪ٛ‬ديد ‪ ٚ‬اسصػ خ‪ٛ‬دؽاْ سا دس‬ ‫چاسچ‪ٛ‬ب ايٓ ٔظاَ ‪ ٚ‬دس ساتيٗ تا عايش ػٕافش تٗدعد‬ ‫ِيآ‪ٚ‬سٔذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ تا دسٔظش‬،‫تٕاتشايٓ ِرشخُ تايذ تشاي ػٕافش صتاْ ِثذأ‬ . ‫ىٗ ِؼادي پيذا وٕذ‬ٛ‫گشفرٓ ٔظاَ ِشت‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫‪.‬آٔچٗ تشاي ِرشخُ زائض اّ٘يد اعد‪ ،‬اسصػ ‪ٔ ٚ‬مؼ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ػٕافش صتأي اعد ٔٗ ف‪ٛ‬سخ آٔ‪ٙ‬ا‪.‬‬ ‫ىثك افً صتأؾٕاعي عاخراسي‪ ،‬اسصػ ػٕافش صتأي‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫دس داخً ٔظاَ صتأي ذثٍ‪ٛ‬س ِيياتٕذ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ٗ‫خ‬ٛ‫ ذ‬recognized ً‫ دس خّالخ صيش تٗ ِؼٕاي فؼ‬. .‫وٕيذ‬ I recognized her by her red hat. ٓ‫ؽٕاخر‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Britain has recognized the new regime. ‫تٗ سعّيد ؽٕاخد‬ He recognized that he was not qualified for the post. ‫ي وشد‬ٛ‫لث‬ The firm recognized Tom‟s outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus. ‫لذسدأي وشد‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫روابط ىمنشيني ِياْ ػٕافش صتأي ػثاسذٕذ اص‬ ‫س‪ٚ‬اتيي وٗ دس پشذ‪ ٛ‬آْ‪ ،‬تيٓ ػٕافش ُ٘سديف يه‬ ‫عاصٖ (‪ )syntagm‬اسذثاه تشلشاس ِيؽ‪ٛ‬د‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫اي ذؾىيًدٕ٘ذج آْ يؼٕي‬ٙ‫اخ‬ٚ ْ‫ ‘ ِيا‬big’‫ دس وٍّح‬:‫ِثاي‬ .‫ يه ساتيح ّٕ٘ؾيٕي زاوُ ِيتاؽذ‬b/i/g/  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫روابط جانشيني زاوُ تش ‪ٚ‬ازذ٘اي صتاْ ػثاسذٕذ‬ ‫اصس‪ٚ‬اتيي وٗ ِياْ ‪ٚ‬ازذ ‪ٚ‬يژٖاي اص يه عاصٖ ‪ ٚ‬عايش‬ ‫‪ٚ‬ازذ٘ايي وٗ لاتٍيد خأؾيري تا آْ ‪ٚ‬ازذ سا داسٔذ‪،‬‬ ‫تشلشاس اعد‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ :‬دس عاصٖ ’ِذيش ِذسعٗ ِا‘‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬اژٖ ’ِذسعٗ‘ تا ػٕافشي ٔظيش ’ تيّاسعراْ‘‪،‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫’دتيشعراْ‘ ‪’ ٚ‬أدّٓ‘ داساي ساتيٗ خأؾيٕي اعد‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :)Semantic Structure( ‫ ساختار معنايي‬.‫اٌف‬ ٓ‫د تي‬ٛ‫خ‬ِٛ ‫اع ساتيٗ٘اي ِؼٕايي‬ٛٔ‫ػثاسذغد اص ا‬.ْ‫ػٗ٘اي خأؾيٓ دس عاصٖ٘اي آْ صتا‬ّٛ‫ازذ٘اي ِد‬ٚ  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ :‬دس عاصٖ ”تشادس ِٓ ِؼٍُ اعد‪ “.‬تٗخاي ‪ٚ‬ازذ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫’تشادس‘ ِيذ‪ٛ‬اْ اص ‪ٚ‬ازذ٘ايي ٔظيش ’ِادس‘‪’ ،‬پذس‘‪،‬‬ ‫’خ‪ٛ‬ا٘ش‘‪’ ،‬دايي‘‪’ ،‬پغشػّ‪’ ،‘ٛ‬دخرشػّ‪’ ،‘ٛ‬ػّٗ‘‪،‬‬ ‫’ِادستضسگ‘‪ ،‬سا خأؾيٓ وشد ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ي‬ٛ‫ازذ ٌغ‬ٚ ٚ‫ د‬:)Synonymy( ‫رابطو ىممعنايي‬ ‫اي واستشدي‬ٙ‫لري تاُ٘ ُِ٘ؼٕا ٘غرٕذ وٗ دس ذّاَ تافر‬ٚ.‫تاُ٘ لاتً خايگضيٕي تاؽٕذ‬ conception- :‫ِثاي‬ idea -  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ٗ‫ صِأي ساتي‬: )Hyponymy( ‫رابطو شموليت‬ ًِ‫ي تشلشاس اعد وٗ يىي ؽا‬ٛ‫ازذ ٌغ‬ٚ ٚ‫ٌيد تيٓ د‬ّٛ‫ؽ‬.‫د‬ٛ‫ديگشي ؽ‬ vehicle: car, bus, truck :‫ِثاي‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ٚ ،‫ٔذ‬ٛ‫ ِيؽ‬vehicle ‫ي‬ّٛ‫ ؽ‬،ٍّٗ‫٘ش يه اص ايٓ عٗ و‬ )Co-hyponymy( ‫ٌي‬ّٛ‫ايٓ عٗ تايىذيگش ساتيٗ ُ٘ؽ‬.‫داسٔذ‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫رابطة تقابل تكميلي يا تضاد دوگانو‪:‬‬ ‫دس ايٓ ساتيٗ تا اعٕاد لشاس دادْ يىي اص وٍّاخ‪ ،‬وٍّٗ‬ ‫ديگش ِ‪ٛ‬سد ٔمل لشاس ِيگيشد‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :‫ِثاي‬. ‫ وٗ تا اعٕاد‬/ dead-alive / ‫ يا‬/ single-married / ٗ‫لشاس دادْ يىي (يؼٕي گفرٓ ايٓ خٍّٗ و‬ :‫د‬ٛ‫) ديگشي ٔمل ِيؽ‬Ahmad is single( Ahmad is not married.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫) يا‬Antonymy( ‫رابطة تضاد‬ :)Graded antonymy( ‫تضاد درجوبنذي شذه‬ ‫د‬ٛ‫خ‬ٚ ‫ دسخٗتٕذي‬ٚ ‘‫ازذ٘ا ’ذذسيح‬ٚ ْ‫ ِيا‬،ٗ‫دس ايٓ ساتي‬. ‫داسد‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ / old, young / :‬وٗ تا ُ٘ ِرناد ِيتاؽٕذ‪.‬اٌثرٗ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫تيٓ ايٓ دسخاذي ٔيض ‪ٚ‬خ‪ٛ‬د داسد‪ :‬فشدي ٔغثري تٗ فشدي‬ ‫ديگش ‪ٔ ٚ‬غثد تٗ ؽخـ ديگشي خ‪ٛ‬اْ اعد‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫رابطة تقابل تناقضي‪:‬‬ ‫ايٓ ساتيٗ ِياْ ػٕافش ُ٘ؽّ‪ٛ‬ي اعد‪.‬‬ ‫‪ِ.‬إٔذ ‪ /‬فثر ‪ٚ‬ظ‪ٙ‬ش‪ /‬وٗ تا ُ٘ ساتيٗ ذٕالني داسٔذ‪.‬يؼٕي‬ ‫‪ٚ‬لري گفرٗ ِيؽ‪ٛ‬د ’زاال فثر اعد‘ ديگش ّٔيذ‪ٛ‬اْ گفد ’زاال‬ ‫ظ‪ٙ‬ش اعد‪‘.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫رابطة تقابل معكوس‪:‬‬ ‫ايٓ ساتيٗ فشفاً تيٓ د‪ ٚ‬وٍّٗ زاوُ اعد وٗ اعٕاد لشاس‬ ‫‪.‬دادْ يىي اص آٔ‪ٙ‬ا دالٌد تش ‪ٚ‬خ‪ٛ‬د ديگشي ِيوٕذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫د ’ِٓ وراب‬ٛ‫لري گفرٗ ِيؽ‬ٚ./ٓ‫خر‬ٚ‫ خشيذْ فش‬/ :‫ِثاي‬ ٗ‫خر‬ٚ‫سا خشيذَ‘ دالٌد تش ايٓ ِيوٕذ وٗ ’وغي آْ سا فش‬ ‘.‫اعد‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 5‫دسط‬ ّٗ‫ ذشخ‬ٚ ‫اژگأي‬ٚ ‫ػٕافش‬ Objectives This lesson will look at the word and word meaning in structural semantics and discuss the related issues of translation equivalence.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :‫ا٘ذ ؽذ‬ٛ‫مير دادٖ خ‬ٛ‫ اترذا چٕذ افيالذ ذ‬ ْ‫اژگا‬ٚ Vocabulary ْ‫اژگا‬ٚ Lexicon ‫اژگأي‬ٚ ‫ ػٕقش‬item Vocabulary /element /‫ي‬ٛ‫ػٕقش ٌغ‬ itemlexical /element ٍّٗ‫ و‬،‫اژگأي‬ٚ ‫اژگأي‬ٚ ‫ػٕقش‬ Lexeme ‫ػح ّ٘ايؾي‬ّٛ‫ ِد‬Collocation  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ وٍّٗ يا ‪ٚ‬اژٖ ‪ٚ‬ازذي اص صتاْ اعد وٗ دس‬ ‫گفراس تيٓ د‪ِ ٚ‬ىث ‪ ٚ‬دس ٔ‪ٛ‬ؽراس ِياْ د‪ ٚ‬فناي‬ ‫خاٌي ‪ٚ‬الغ ِيؽ‪ٛ‬د‪.‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪( :‬اٌف) ازّذ د‪ٚ‬اْ د‪ٚ‬اْ آِذ‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪ِ.‬يٕا ي‪ٛ‬اػ ي‪ٛ‬اػ تٗ لياس ٔضديه ؽذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :‫خٍّٗ صيش سا دسٔظش تگيشيذ‬ We are interested in football. ‫ صيشا‬.‫ٌي عٗ ٌغد اعد‬ٚ ٍّٗ‫دس ايٓ خٍّٗ پٕح و‬ ‫ي ُ٘ يه ٌغد يا‬ٚ‫ س‬are interested in ‫وٍّاخ‬.‫اژگأي سا ذؾىيً ِيدٕ٘ذ‬ٚ ‫ػٕقش‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِدّ‪ٛ‬ػٗ ّ٘ايؾي‪ :‬ػثاسذغد اص د‪ ٚ‬يا چٕذ وٍّٗ وٗ‬ ‫ّ٘‪ٛ‬اسٖ تاُ٘ تٗواس سفرٗ ‪ ٚ‬يه ٌغد يا ػٕقش ‪ٚ‬اژگأي‬ ‫سا ذؾىيً ِيدٕ٘ذ ‪.‬‬ ‫دس خٍّٗاي وٗ تذاْ اؽاسٖ ؽذ‪ are interested in ،‬يه‬ ‫ِدّ‪ٛ‬ػٗ ّ٘ايؾي اعد‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :‫ػٗ٘اي ّ٘ايؾي‬ّٛ‫ذمغيُتٕذي ِد‬ ‫ غيشافيالذ‬.‫ب‬ )idiom( ‫ افيالذ‬.‫اٌف‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ػٗ ّ٘ايؾي اص ِؼٕاي وٍّاخ‬ّٛ‫ چٕأچٗ ِؼٕاي يه ِد‬.‫افيالذ‬ ‫ػح ّ٘ايؾي‬ّٛ‫ آْ ِد‬،‫ اعرٕثاه ٔثاؽذ‬ٚ ‫ذؾىيًدٕ٘ذج آْ لاتً دسن‬.‫يٕذ‬ٛ‫سا ’افيالذ‘ گ‬ He put off the meeting. :‫ِثاي‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ وٍّاخ‬:( Content words) ‫عي‬ِٛ‫ وٍّاخ لا‬.‫اٌف‬ ‫ ِفا٘يُ تٗواس‬ٚ ‫ِؼٕاداس وٗ تشاي اؽاسٖ تٗ اؽياء‬.‫ٔذ‬ٚ‫ِيس‬ ٓ‫ؽر‬ٛٔ ،ٍُ‫ ل‬،‫ وراب‬:‫ِثاي‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ب‪.‬وٍّاخ دعر‪ٛ‬سي )‪ :(Structure words‬وٍّاذي‬ ‫٘غرٕذ وٗ ِؼٕاي ِغرمٍي ٔذاسٔذ ‪ ٚ‬فشفاً تشاي ايداد‬ ‫اسذثاه ِياْ وٍّاخ لاِ‪ٛ‬عي دس داخً عاصٖ٘اي‬ ‫صِأي ايفاي ٔمؼ ِيوٕٕذ‪.‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪’ :‬تٗ‘‪’ ،‬اص‘‪’ ،‬سا‘‪’ ،‬تشاي‘‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫صتأؾٕاعي عاخراسي ‪ِ ٚ‬ؼٕاي ػٕافش ‪ٚ‬اژگأي‪:‬‬ ‫٘ش صتاْ ٔظاِي ِٕسقشتفشد اعد ‪ ٚ‬ػٕافش آْ‬ ‫(آ‪ٚ‬ائي‪ ،‬دعر‪ٛ‬سي ‪ٚ ٚ‬اژگأي) خ‪٘ٛ‬ش ‪ ٚ‬اسصػ‬ ‫‪ٚ‬خ‪ٛ‬دي خ‪ٛ‬د سا دس چاسچ‪ٛ‬ب آْ ٔظاَ ‪ ٚ‬دس ساتيٗ تا‬ ‫عايش ػٕافش ٔظيش خ‪ٛ‬د اخز ِئّايٕذ‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ز‪ٛ‬صٖ ِؼٕايي‬ ‫ز‪ٛ‬صٖ تٕذ٘اي ِؼٕايي ٔظاَ ‪ٚ‬اژگأي صتأ‪ٙ‬ا ِّىٓ اعد‬ ‫تاُ٘ فشق داؽرٗ تاؽذ‪.‬ايٓ اِش ِؾىً ِ‪ّٙ‬ي دس ذؼييٓ‬ ‫ِؼادٌ‪ٙ‬اي ‪ٚ‬اژگأي تشاي ِرشخُ پيؼ ِيآ‪ٚ‬سد‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ :‬تؼني اص صتأ‪ٙ‬ا ِثالً د‪ٚ ٚ‬اژٖ اعاعي تشاي اؽاسٖ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫تٗ سٔگ‪ٙ‬ا داسٔذ‪،‬تؼني ‪ 3‬يا ‪ ٚ 4‬صتاْ أگٍيغي ‪11‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬اژٖ داسد‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 6 ‫دسط‬ )1( ّٗ‫ ذشخ‬ٚ ‫اع ِؼٕا‬ٛٔ‫ا‬ Objective This lesson will look at different levels of word meaning and will discuss the related translation issues.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫أ‪ٛ‬اع ِؼٕا ‪ ٚ‬ذشخّٗ‬ ‫اٌف‪ِ.‬ؼٕای اسخاػی (‪)Referential meaning‬‬ ‫ايٓ اليٗ ِؼٕايی ٍِّ‪ٛ‬ط ذشيٓ ‪ ٚ‬تٕيادی ذشيٓ اليٗ ِؼٕايی‬ ‫ػٕافش ‪ٚ‬اژگأی ِسغ‪ٛ‬ب ِی ؽ‪ٛ‬د ‪ ٚ‬ػثاسذغد اص اسذثاه‬ ‫ِ‪ٛ‬خ‪ٛ‬د تيٓ کٍّاخ ‪ ٚ‬اؽياء ‪ ٚ‬فؼاٌير‪ٙ‬ای خ‪ٙ‬اْ فيضيکی‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ب‪ِ.‬ؼٕای ذدشتی (‪)Connotative meaning‬‬ ‫ػٕافش ‪ٚ‬اژگأي تا گزؽد صِاْ ‪ ٚ‬دس اثش کاستشد ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫ذدشتٗ گ‪ٛ‬يؾ‪ٛ‬ساْ تا پاسٖ ای اص ‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ای ِؼٕايی‬ ‫اسخاػی خ‪ٛ‬د‪ ،‬اسذثاه ِؾخـ ذش ‪ِ ٚ‬سکُ ذشی‬ ‫تشلشاس ِی کٕٕذ‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِثالً "صْ" تا ‪ٚ‬يژگی "صيثايی" ‪" ٚ‬خ‪ٛ‬ک" تا ‪ٚ‬يژگی‬ ‫"کثافد" ِشذثو ِی تاؽذ‪.‬چٕيٓ اسذثاه ذدشتی ِؼّ‪ٛ‬الً‬ ‫تٗ ِؼٕايی ذدشتی )‪ِ (connotation‬ؼش‪ٚ‬ف ؽذٖ‬ ‫اعد ‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ج‪ِ.‬ؼٕای عثکی (‪:)Stylistic meaning‬‬ ‫ِؼٕای عثکی ِٕؼکظ کٕٕذٖ ؽشايو اخرّاػی ‪ِٛ ٚ‬ليؼد‬ ‫کاستشدی کالَ اص لثيً ِماَ اخرّاػی گ‪ٛ‬يؾ‪ٛ‬س‪ِ ،‬خاىة‬ ‫ا‪ِ ،ٚ‬يضاْ آؽٕايی ‪ ٚ‬فّيّيد ِ‪ٛ‬خ‪ٛ‬د تيٓ آٔ‪ٙ‬ا ‪ ٚ‬غيشٖ‬ ‫ِی تاؽذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ٚ man ( ‫ ( ِشد‬، ) gentleman‫ عٗ ػٕقش (آلا‬:‫ِثاي‬ ‫ ِؼٕای عثکی‬ٚ ْ‫ داسای ِؼأی اسخاػی يکغا‬chap )ٖ‫(ِشد‬ ‫خ ِی تاؽٕذ‬ٚ‫ِرفا‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِؼٕای ازغاعی (‪:)Affective meaning‬‬ ‫ػثاسذغد اص اليٗ ای اص ِؼٕای ػٕافش ‪ٚ‬اژگأی کٗ‬ ‫ِٕؼکظ کٕٕذٖ ازغاعاخ ‪ٔ ٚ‬گشػ گ‪ٛ‬يؾ‪ٛ‬س ٔغثد تٗ‬ ‫ِخاىة ‪ِٛ ٚ‬م‪ٛ‬ع عخٓ ِی تاؽذ‪ٔ.‬س‪ ٖٛ‬پياَ ٔيض کالً‬ ‫ٔؾأٗ ازغاط ‪ٔ ٚ‬گشػ گ‪ٛ‬يؾ‪ٛ‬س اعد‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Example: I’m terribly sorry to interrupt, but I wonder if you would be so kind as to lower your voice a little. Will you lower your voice? Will you shut up?  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِؼٕای أؼکاعی (‪:)Reflected meaning‬‬ ‫اليٗ ِيث‪ٛ‬ع يا ٔاِيث‪ٛ‬ػی کٗ تشخی اص کٍّاخ تش اثش‬ ‫کاستشد ‪ ٚ‬دس پشذ‪ٔ ٛ‬گشػ ٘ا ‪ ٚ‬تا‪ٚ‬س ٘ای اخرّاػی زاکُ‬ ‫دس خ‪ٛ‬د خّغ ِی کٕٕذ‪.‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪.:‬کٍّٗ ذ‪ٛ‬اٌد تٗ ذذسيح اليٗ ٔاِيث‪ٛ‬ػی تٗ خ‪ٛ‬د‬ ‫گشفرٗ ‪ ٚ‬تدايؼ اص دعرؾ‪ٛ‬يی اعرفادٖ ِی ؽ‪ٛ‬د‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 7 ‫دسط‬ ّٗ‫ ذشخ‬ٚ ‫اژگأي‬ٚ ‫ػٕافش‬ Objectives This lesson will look at some new layers and dimensions of word- meaning and their implications in translation.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :(Figurative Meaning) ‫ ِؼٕاي ِداصي‬.‫اٌف‬ ‫اليٗاي اص ِؼٕاعد وٗ اص ّٔاد يا عّثً ِشذثو تا آْ وٍّاخ‬.‫د‬ٛ‫گشفرٗ ِيؽ‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ِ :‬ؼٕاي ذسداٌٍفظي خغذ‪ّ٘ ،‬اْ پشٔذج خغذ ِيتاؽذ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ٌٚ‬ي ِؼٕاي ّٔاديٓ خغذ ’ؽ‪ِٛ‬ي ‪ٔ ٚ‬س‪ٛ‬عد‘ اعد‪ٌٚ.‬ي‬ ‫دس أگٍيغي ‪ owl‬داساي ِؼٕاي ّٔاديٓ ’روا‪ٚ‬خ ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫٘ؾياسي‘ اعد‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation : (Collocative Meaning) ‫ ِؼٕاي ّ٘ايؾي‬.‫ب‬ ‫تٗ اليٗاي اص ِؼٕا وٗ وٍّاخ دس ّٕ٘ؾيٕي يا ّ٘ايي تا‬ ‘‫ ’ِؼٕاي ّ٘ايؾي‬،‫ؿ وغة ِيوٕٕذ‬ٛ‫وٍّاخ تخق‬.‫يٕذ‬ٛ‫ِيگ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ،‘ٖ‫أذ تا ’وش‬ٛ‫ وٍّٗ فاعذ دس صتاْ فاسعي ِيذ‬:‫ِثاي‬.‫’ ؽخـ‘ ّٕ٘ؾيٕي داؽرٗ تاؽذ‬ٚ ‘ٖٛ‫ ’ِي‬،‘‫’ذخُِشؽ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫اِا ِؼادي أگٍيغي وٍّح ’فاعذ‘ دس ذشوية فاسعي‬ :‫ق ّ٘ايي پيذا وٕذ‬ٛ‫أذ تا ّ٘ٗ ػٕافش ف‬ٛ‫ّٔي ذ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation rancid butter ‫وشج فاعذ‬ addled egg ‫ذخُِشؽ فاعذ‬ rotten fruit ‫ج فاعذ‬ٛ‫ِي‬ corrupt person ‫ؽخـ فاعذ‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِؼٕاي دالٌري ‪ِ ٚ‬ؼٕاي اسذثاىي‪:‬‬ ‫ِؼٕاي دالٌري‪ :‬ػثاسذغد اص ِؼٕايي وٗ ػٕافش‬ ‫‪ٚ‬اژگأي‪ ،‬فشفٕظش اص ػ‪ٛ‬اًِ زاوُ تش تافد ِرٕي ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫اخرّاػي صتاْ داسا ِيتاؽٕذ‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ِؼٕاي اسذثاىي‪ِ :‬ؼٕاي اسذثاىي يه ػٕقش ‪ٚ‬اژگأي‬ ‫ػثاسذغد اص ِؼٕايي وٗ آْ ػٕقش دس يه تافد ِرٕي ‪ٚ‬‬ ‫اخرّاػي تخق‪ٛ‬ؿ‪ ،‬تٗخ‪ٛ‬د اخرقاؿ ِيد٘ذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 8 ‫دسط‬ 1 ّٗ‫خٍّٗ دس ذشخ‬ Objectives This lesson will first look at the sentence structure in English.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation It will then discuss possible differences or similarities between the English and Farsi sentence structure.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫تعريف جملو‬ ‫جملو ػثاسذغد اص گغرشٖاي اص صتاْ وٗ ِف‪ٚ َٛٙ‬‬ ‫ِؼٕاي ِغرمٍي داسد ‪ ٚ‬اص ٔظش عاخراسي تا ”زشف‬ ‫تضسگ“ آغاص ‪ ٚ‬تٗ ”ٔميٗ“ خرُ ِيؽ‪ٛ‬د‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Examples (a)Human learning involves several types of information processes.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation (b) The mind is not a sponge absorbing information, nor a connection to be conditioned by external forces, but an active processor of information.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation (c) By definition, learning must be an active process because learning can occur only when a physical change takes place in the brain.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation.‫ ( داسد‬Complement) ُّ‫ ِر‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ ِفؼ‬ٚ ً‫گا٘ي خٍّٗاي فاػ‬ Subject – Verb – Object – Complement – Adverbial SV(O)(C)(A) The meeting continued. The blood supplies the body organs with oxygen.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ػٕافش عاخراسي ٘ش خٍّٗ اص يه يا چٕذ وٍّٗ عاخرٗ‬ ‫ِيؽ‪ٔٛ‬ذ ‪ ٚ‬تٗ آٔ‪ٙ‬ا گش‪ ٖٚ‬اعّي‪ ،‬گش‪ ٖٚ‬فؼٍي ‪ ٚ‬گش‪ٖٚ‬‬ ‫ليذي ِيگ‪ٛ‬يٕذ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬دس ٘ش گش‪ ٖٚ‬يه وٍّٗ ػٕقش افٍي )‪ (head‬اعد‬ ‫‪ ٚ‬تميٗ ِؼشف )‪٘ (modifier‬غرٕذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Examples Another important component of human learning Many current learning theories The amount of learned information  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 9 ‫دسط‬ 2 ّٗ‫خٍّٗ دس ذشخ‬ Objectives This lesson will focus on textual structure of the sentence, layers of sentence meaning and types of subject in a sentence.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫عاخراس ِرٕي دس خٍّٗ‬ ‫ خٍّٗ‪ٚ ،‬ازذ ِرٓ اعد‪.‬‬ ‫ خٍّٗ ٘ای لثً ‪ ٚ‬تؼذ ٘ش خٍّٗ دس داخً ِرٓ‬ ‫ِشت‪ٛ‬ىٗ‪ ،‬دس ذثٍ‪ٛ‬س ِؼٕايی آْ خٍّٗ ع‪ ُٙ‬تغضايی‬ ‫داسٔذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫اد يا ِثرذا‬ٙٔ ٗ‫ع ذمشيثاً ِؾات‬ٛ‫م‬ِٛ :)Theme(‫ع‬ٛ‫م‬ِٛ ‫ تٗ تياْ ديگش ذکيٗ گا٘ی اعد کٗ پياَ خٍّٗ ِرکی‬.‫اعد‬.‫تش آْ اعد‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Examples The underlined parts are the ‘theme’. (a) All languages learned normally are learned in social situations.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation (b) Teachers should develop specific positive approaches for helping faltering students. The teacher rewarded three of the students for their excellent performance.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ع خّالخ يک ِرٓ سا ٔثايذ ذغييش داد ذا‬ٛ‫م‬ِٛ.‫ي تاؽذ‬ٛ‫ذشخّٗ لاتً لث‬ a. The teacher rewarded three of the students for their excellent performance.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ذشخّٗ فسير‪ِ :‬ؼٍُ عٗ ٔفش اص دأؾد‪ٛ‬ياْ سا تٗ خاىش‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ػٍّکشد ػاٌی آٔ‪ٙ‬ا ذؾ‪ٛ‬يك کشد‪.‬‬ ‫ذشخّٗ غٍو‪ :‬عٗ ٔفش اص دأؼ آِ‪ٛ‬صاْ سا ِؼٍُ تخاىش‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ػٍّکشد ػاٌی آٔ‪ٙ‬ا ذؾ‪ٛ‬يك کشد‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫اليٗ ٘ای ِؼٕايی يا ٔمؼ ٘ای عٗ گأٗ خٍّٗ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫٘اٌيذی ِؼرمذ اعد ٘ش خٍّٗ داسای عٗ اليٗ ِؼٕايی اعد‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اٌف‪ِ -‬ؼٕای اسخاػی (‪ :)Ideational‬ػثاسذغد اص ِؼٕای صيش‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫تٕايی ‪ِٕ ٚ‬يمی خٍّٗ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ يؼٕی‬:)Interpersonal( ‫ ِؼٕای تيٓ ؽخقی‬-‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ٛٔ ٚ ٖ‫يٕذ‬ٛ‫ِؼٕايی کٗ ٔؾاْ دٕ٘ذٖ ىثمٗ اخرّاػی گ‬.‫ٔذٖ اعد‬ٕٛ‫ تا ؽ‬ٚ‫ ؽخقی ا‬ٚ ‫ساتيٗ اخرّاػی‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ج‪ِ -‬ؼٕای ِرٕی‪ :‬ػثاسذغد اص ِؼٕايی کٗ ِٕؼکظ کٕٕذٖ‬ ‫آسايؼ ِ‪ٛ‬م‪ٛ‬ع‪ -‬خثش خٍّٗ اعد‪.‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ :‬خّالخ د‪ٚ‬گأٗ ای کٗ تشايراْ ِی خ‪ٛ‬أيُ داسای‬ ‫ِؼٕای صيشتٕايی يکغاْ ‪ٌٚ‬ی ِؼٕای ِرٕی ِرفا‪ٚ‬خ ِی‬ ‫تاؽٕذ‪:‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation a 1. The door was opened by Ali. a 2. Ali opened the door. b 1. My mother gave me this apple. b 2. This apple my mother gave.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ ِؼٕای‬ٚ ْ‫خٗ کٕيذ کٗ ِؼٕای اسخاػی يکغا‬ٛ‫ خٍّٗ ذ‬ٚ‫زاي تٗ ايٓ د‬ :‫خ داسٔذ‬ٚ‫تيٓ ؽخقی ِرفا‬ c 1. Could you open the door please? c 2. Open the door please.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫٘اٌيذی عٗ ٔ‪ٛ‬ع فاػً تشای ٘ش خٍّٗ لائً اعد‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اٌف‪ -‬فاػً دعر‪ٛ‬سی تا اليٗ ِؼٕايی تيٓ ؽخقی ِرٕاظش اعد‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬فاػً س‪ٚ‬أؾٕاخری تا اليٗ ِؼٕايی ِرٕی ِرٕاظش اعد‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬فاػً ِٕيمی‪ :‬يؼٕی ّ٘اْ أداَ دٕ٘ذٖ ِٕيمی فؼً خٍّٗ‬ ‫کٗ تا اليٗ ِؼٕايی اسخاػی ِرٕاظش اعد ‪.‬‬ ‫دس ِثاٌی کٗ تشايراْ ٔمً ِی کُٕ ٘ش عٗ فاػً دس يک خضء‬ ‫عاخرّأی خٍّٗ خّغ ؽذٖ أذ‪:‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation My mother gave me this apple. ٍّٗ‫ کٕٕذٖ ِٕيمی فؼً خ‬My mother ٍّٗ‫دس ايٓ خ‬ ٚ )‫أؾٕاخری‬ٚ‫ٌيٗ (فاػً س‬ٚ‫ ُ٘ ػٕقش ا‬،)‫(فاػً ِٕيمی‬.‫سی خٍّٗ اعد‬ٛ‫ُ٘ فاػً دعر‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :‫خٗ کٕيذ‬ٛ‫ْ تٗ ايٓ خٍّٗ ذ‬ٕٛ‫اک‬ b. This apple, my mother gave me. my ٚ ‫أؾٕاخری‬ٚ‫ فاػً س‬this apple ،ٍّٗ‫دس ايٓ خ‬ .‫ ِٕيمی خٍّٗ اعد‬ٚ ‫سی‬ٛ‫ فاػً دعر‬mother  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation c. This apple, I was given by my mother. ً‫ فاػ‬I ،‫أؾٕاخری‬ٚ‫ فاػً س‬this apple ،‫دس ايٕدا‬ .‫ فاػً ِٕيمی ِی تاؽذ‬my mother ٚ ‫سی‬ٛ‫دعر‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫آٔچٗ ِرشخُ تايذ دس تشگشداْ يک خٍّٗ أداَ د٘ذ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اٌف‪ -‬کً ِرٓ سا تا دلد تخ‪ٛ‬أذ ذا تا عاخراس آْ آؽٕا‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ؽ‪ٛ‬د ‪ِ ٚ‬يٍة سا دسک کٕذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ تاس ِی‬ٚ‫ ِدذداً ٘ش يک اص خّالخ سا يک يا د‬-‫ب‬ .‫أذ ذا پياَ آٔشا دسک کٕذ‬ٛ‫خ‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬پظ اص زق‪ٛ‬ي اىّيٕاْ اص دسک ِيٍة ‪ ٚ‬پياَ خٍّٗ‪،‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫آْ ِيٍة سا تذ‪ ْٚ‬ذ‪ٛ‬خٗ تٗ عاخراس خٍّٗ ِثذاء دس يک‬ ‫خٍّٗ تٗ صتاْ ِمقذ تياْ ِی کٕذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ ِؼٕای‬،‫ خٍّٗ ذشخّٗ ؽذٖ تايذ اص ٔظش ِؼٕای اسخاػی‬-‫د‬ ‫ ِؼادي خٍّٗ صتاْ ِثذاء‬،‫ ِؼٕای ِرٕی‬ٚ ‫تيٓ ؽخقی‬.‫تاؽذ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 10 ‫دسط‬ ّٗ‫ ذشخ‬ٚ ‫عاخراس‬ Objectives This lesson will look at the notion of “structure” in language and its manifestation across different languages drawing implication for the translation.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ذؼشيف عاخراس‪:‬‬ ‫عاخراس ػثاسذغد اص ساتيٗ اخضاء عاخرّأی خٍّٗ‪.‬‬ ‫خ‪٘ٛ‬ش)‪ (Substance‬عاخراسی صتأ‪ٙ‬ا يکغاْ اعد‬ ‫‪ٌٚ‬ی لاٌة )‪ (Form‬عاخراسی آٔ‪ٙ‬ا ِّکٓ اعد ِرفا‪ٚ‬خ‬ ‫تاؽذ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :‫ظيفٗ ِرشخُ دس لثاي عاخراس صتاْ ِثذأ‬ٚ " ‫ػ "عاخراس دس عاخراس‬ٚ‫ٔخغد آٔکٗ ِرشخُ ٔثايذ س‬ ‫د‬ٛ‫( سا ِثٕای کاس خ‬structure for structure). ‫لشاسد٘ذ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Example: He said that he was ready..‫د‬ٛ‫ گفد آِادٖ ت‬ٚ‫ ا‬:‫ذشخّٗ غٍو‬.‫ آِادٖ اعد‬ٚ‫ گفد ا‬:‫ذشخّٗ دسعد‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫فؼً ‪ was‬صِاْ گزؽرٗ اعد ‪ٌٚ‬ی اسصػ ِامی سا‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ٔذاسد صيشا دس چاسچ‪ٛ‬ب ‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ای عاخراسی صتاْ‬ ‫أگٍيغی لاتً ذ‪ٛ‬خيٗ اعد کٗ تشای سػايد ذشذية صِأی‬ ‫اعد ‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫يؼٕی اگش فؼً ِؼشف ِامی تاؽذ‪ ،‬فؼً خٍّٗ تؼذ اص آْ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ُ٘ تايذ ِامی تاؽذ‪.‬‬ ‫اِا چٕيٓ افٍی دس صتاْ فاسعی ‪ٚ‬خ‪ٛ‬د ٔذاسد ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 11 ‫دسط‬ ّٗ‫ٔٗ٘اي صتأي دس ذشخ‬ٛ‫گ‬ Objectives This lesson will look at the language varieties discussing the translator’s task in relation to them.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :‫ٔٗ٘اي صتأي ثاتد‬ٛ‫ذمغيُتٕذي گ‬ ‫دٗ ؽخقي‬ٌٙ.1 ‫دٗ خغشافيايي‬ٌٙ.2 ‫دٗ ذاسيخي‬ٌٙ.3 ‫دٗ اخرّاػي‬ٌٙ.4  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٙ‬دٗ ؽخقي (‪ِ :)idiolect‬دّ‪ٛ‬ػح ‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬ايي اعد‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫وٗ ٘ش ؽخـ دس تٗواس تشدْ صتاْ ِادسيؼ اص خ‪ٛ‬د‬ ‫تش‪ٚ‬ص ِيد٘ذ‪.‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ :‬ذٍفظ ِخق‪ٛ‬ؿ وٍّاخ‪ ،‬داؽرٓ ٌسٓ خاؿ دس‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫گفراس‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٙ‬دٗ خغشافيايي (‪:)Geographical dialect‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِدّ‪ٛ‬ػٗ ‪ٚ‬يژگي‪ٙ‬اي واستشد صتاْ دس ٔازيٗ٘اي ِخرٍف‪.‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ :‬فاسعي وشِأي‪ ،‬فاسعي افف‪ٙ‬أي‪ ،‬فاسعي‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ذ‪ٙ‬شأي‪ ،‬يا أگيغي اِشيىايي‪ ،‬أگٍيغي تشيرأيايي‪،‬‬ ‫أگٍيغي اعرشاٌيايي‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ػح‬ّٛ‫( ِد‬Temporal dialect): ‫دٗ ذاسيخي‬ٌٙ ‫سٖ٘اي صِأي ِخرٍف واستشد يه‬ٚ‫ايي وٗ دس د‬ٙ‫يژگي‬ٚ. ‫صتاْ سا اص صتاْ ديگش ِرّايض ِيوٕذ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ فاسعي‬،)‫ فاسعي ِيأٗ (دسي‬،ْ‫ فاسعي تاعرا‬:‫ِثاي‬ ‫ أگٍيغي‬ٚ ٗٔ‫ أگٍيغي ِيا‬،ُ‫ يا أگٍيغي لذي‬،‫ِؼافش‬.‫صي‬ٚ‫اِش‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ٌ‪ٙ‬دٗ اخرّاػي (‪ : )Social dialect‬اص ديذگاٖ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫خاِؼٗ ؽٕاعاْ خاِؼٗ سا تٗ ىثمٗ ا‪ٚ‬ي‪ ،‬ىثمٗ ِر‪ٛ‬عو‪ٚ ،‬‬ ‫ىثمٗ ع‪ َٛ‬ذمغيُ ِيوٕٕذ‪.‬‬ ‫٘ش يه اص ايٓ ىثماخ تٗ عٗ ىيمٗ ا‪ٚ‬ي‪ِ ،‬ر‪ٛ‬عو ‪ ٚ‬ع‪َٛ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ذمغيُ ِيؽ‪ٛ‬د‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫تشخي اص ذفا‪ٚ‬ذ‪ٙ‬اي واستشدي صتاْ وٗ اسذثاه ِغرميُ تا‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ىثمٗ تٕذي‪ٙ‬اي اخرّاػي داسٔذ‪ ،‬تٗ ٌ‪ٙ‬دٗ اخرّاػي‬ ‫ِؾ‪ٛٙ‬سٔذ‪.‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ :‬ذفا‪ٚ‬ذ‪ٙ‬اي ٌ‪ٙ‬دٗ ِشدَ خٕ‪ٛ‬ب ‪ ٚ‬ؽّاي ذ‪ٙ‬شاْ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation :‫ٔٗ٘اي گزسا‬ٛ‫ذمغيُتٕذي گ‬ ‫ عياق‬.1 ‫ عثه‬.2 ‫د‬ّٛٔ.3  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫عياق (‪ :)Register‬گ‪ٗٔٛ‬اي اص صتاْ اعد وٗ خّؼي اص‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِشدَ تا ػاليك يا زشفٗ٘اي ِؾرشن آْ سا تٗ واس‬ ‫ِيتشٔذ‪.‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ :‬عياق ‪ٚ‬سصؽي‪ ،‬عياق ػٍّي‪ ،‬عياق ِز٘ثي ‪ ٚ‬غيشٖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ع‬ٛ‫م‬ِٛ ‫ع ِرٓ اعد وٗ تش اعاط‬ٛٔ ‫الغ‬ٚ ‫عياق دس‬ .‫د‬ٛ‫عخٓ ِرّايض ِيؽ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ْ‫ايي وٗ ٔؾأٗ ِيضا‬ٙ‫يژگي‬ٚ ‫ػح‬ّٛ‫ ِد‬:)style( ‫عثه‬ .‫د ِيتاؽذ‬ٛ‫ فّيّيد ِرىٍُ تا ِخاىة خ‬ٚ ‫آؽٕايي‬ ‫ غيشسعّي‬، )formal( ‫ عثه سعّي‬:‫ِثاي‬ ٗٔ‫ ػاِيا‬ٚ )colloquial( ‫سٖاي‬ٚ‫) ِسا‬informal(.)slang(  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation.‫ؽراسي يا گفراسي اعد‬ٛٔ ٗٔٛ‫ گ‬:)Mode( ‫د‬ّٛٔ ‫ؽراسي يا‬ٛٔ ٗٔٛ‫سخ ؽخـ گ‬ٚ‫يؼٕي تشزغة مش‬ .‫گفراسي تٗواس ِيتشد‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫گ‪٘ٗٔٛ‬اي گزسا دس ِ‪ٛ‬لؼير‪ٙ‬اي ِخرٍف تٗواس ِيس‪ٔٚ‬ذ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِثاي‪ٕ٘ :‬گاَ فسثد وشدْ دس ِ‪ٛ‬سد ِغائً ديٕي اص‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫عياق ديٕي ‪ِٛ ٚ‬لغ تسث دس خق‪ٛ‬ؿ ِغائً ػٍّي اص‬ ‫عياق ػٍّي اعرفادٖ ِيؽ‪ٛ‬د‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 12 ‫دسط‬ ً‫اؽاسٖ اي گزسا تٗ پاسٖ اي ِغائ‬ ‫ديگش‬ Objectives This lesson will look in brief at some other translation issues for which we do not have the space to discuss in this book.  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫‪ُِٙ ‬ذشيٓ ؽشايو الصَ تشاي ِرشخُ‬ ‫اٌف‪.‬ذغٍو تش صتاْ ِثذاء ‪ِ ٚ‬مقذ‬ ‫ب ‪.‬آؽٕائي تا ِا٘يد ػٍّىشد ٔظاْ صتأي دس اسذثاىاخ‬ ‫تيٓ اؽخاؿ‬ ‫ج ‪.‬ذغٍو تش ِ‪ٛ‬م‪ٛ‬ع ِ‪ٛ‬سد ذشخّٗ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫ ِمقذ‬ٚ ‫ذغٍو تش صتاْ ِثذاء‬ ٗ‫ ِمقذ ذغٍو واًِ داؽر‬ٚ ‫ ِرشخُ تايذ تٗ صتاْ ِثذاء‬. ‫تاؽذ‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫آؽٕائي تا ِا٘يد ػٍّىشد ٔظاَ٘اي صتأي دس اسذثاىاخ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫تيٓ اؽخاؿ‬ ‫ايٓ اىالػاخ دس چاسچ‪ٛ‬ب ؽاخٗاي اص صتأؾٕاعي لشاس‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫داسد وٗ ِشذثو تا ذشخّٗؽٕاعي ‪ِ ٚ‬غائً ذشخّٗ اعد ‪.‬‬  ‫‪www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com‬‬ ‫‪Principles and Methods of Translation‬‬ ‫ذغٍو تش ِ‪ٛ‬م‪ٛ‬ع ِرٓ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِرشخُ تايذ تا ِ‪ٛ‬م‪ٛ‬ع ِرٓ ذشخّٗ آؽٕائي داؽرٗ تاؽذ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِثالً اگش ِرٓ پضؽىي سا ذشخّٗ ِيوٕذ‪ ،‬تايذ آؽٕائي‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫وٍي تا ِغائً ‪ِ ٚ‬فا٘يُ ِرٕي وٗ ذشخّٗ ِيوٕذ داؽرٗ‬ ‫تاؽذ ‪.‬‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation : )ambiguities( ‫اَ٘ا‬ٙ‫ ذمغيُتٕذي ات‬ )Structural( ‫اَ٘اي عاخراسي‬ٙ‫ ات‬. ‫اٌف‬ )Lexical( ‫ي‬ٛ‫اَ٘اي ٌغ‬ٙ‫ ات‬.‫ب‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation ‫اَ ٘اي عاخراسي اص آسايؼ عاخراسي خٍّٗ يا ػثاسخ‬ٙ‫ ات‬. ‫ اٌف‬.‫د ِيآيذ‬ٛ‫خ‬ٚ ٗ‫ىٗ ت‬ٛ‫ِشت‬ : ‫ِثاي‬ a- The hatred of the killers. a1- Someone hated the killers. : ‫َ داسد‬ٛٙ‫ ِف‬ٚ‫ايٓ ػثاسخ د‬ a2- The killers hated someone.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation.‫ي ِشذثو تا ِفا٘يُ چٕذگأٗ ٌغاخ اعد‬ٛ‫اي ٌغ‬ِٙ‫ا‬ٙ‫ ات‬ ‫ِثاي‬ c- the captain corrected the list. c1- The captain corrected the (name) list. c2- the captain corrected the ship‟s list )leaning position). list: ‫ وح ؽذْ وؾري‬-‫شعد‬ٙ‫ف‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 13 ‫دسط‬ Objectives To present a comprehensive discussion on the the process of „translating‟ in terms of the concepts and notions we have introduced in the preceding units.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Having introduced the basic meta-language on translation, we intend to involve the learner in the discussion on translation in English.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation The Act of Translating One cannot translate a text from one language into another by directly replacing its elements by their parallel ones in TL.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Form vs Substance Different languages may give fifferent forms to the same substance:  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Example: English uses only one form of „cousin‟ to talk about eight different kinship relations while Farsi uses eight different forms for the same semantic domain.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Denotational Range Lexical items in one language and their parallel ones in another language may not be of an identical denotational range: Example Egg shell ‫عد ذخُ ِشؽ‬ٛ‫پ‬ Peel(potato) ‫عد عية صِيٕي‬ٛ‫پ‬ Bark(tree) ‫عد دسخد‬ٛ‫پ‬ Hide(animal) ْ‫ا‬ٛ‫عد زي‬ٛ‫پ‬  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation The denotational range of ‫عد‬ٛ‫ پ‬in Farsi is wider than its counterpart in English.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Collocational Range A word may collocate with some words in Farsi while its parallel one in English may not collocate with the language counterparts of such words:  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation rancid butter ‫وشٖ فاعذ‬ corrupt person ‫ؽخـ فاعذ‬ addled egg ‫ذخُ ِشؽ فاعذ‬ decayed tooth ‫دٔذاْ فاعذ‬ As it is shown here, the word ‫ فاعذ‬has a wide collocational range in Farsi  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Figurative Vaue It is the layer of a word as the layer of meaning which derives from the image normally associated with that word among the speakers of language. Example „Dog‟ can refer to a bad-tempered person.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation 14 ‫دسط‬ Supplementary Unit Objectives Presenting a comparative analysis of the structure of noun phrases (groups) in Farsi and English.  www.motarjemi89pnu.blogfa.com Principles and Methods of Translation Comparing the structure of noun phrases in Farsi and English Noun Groups in English Types of modifiers: determiners, nouns, adjectives, verbs in –ing-form, verbs in –ed form Types of qualifiers: preposition of+ noun group Relative pronouns Noun Groups in Farsi