Gyn Obs MBBS 2020 Batch PDF

**1. What are the causes of postpartum hemorrhage?** PPH is the major cause of maternal mortality during pregnancy. PPH means blood loss exceeding 500mL after delivery of the infant usually occurs in 24h of delivery. Late PPH occurs after 24 h of delivery to 6 weeks. **Causes of Postpartum he...

**1. What are the causes of postpartum hemorrhage?** PPH is the major cause of maternal mortality during pregnancy. PPH means blood loss exceeding 500mL after delivery of the infant usually occurs in 24h of delivery. Late PPH occurs after 24 h of delivery to 6 weeks. **Causes of Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)** Blood loss exceeding 500ml after delivery of the infant occurs in 24 hours of delivery. The late PPH: occurs after 24 hours of delivery to 6 weeks. Cause by 4 Ts (Tone, Tissue, Trauma, Thrombin) - - - - **Complications of PPH** - - - - - **Management of PPH** The best management of PPH is prevention If PPH is caused by placenta, then remove placenta. If PPH is caused by trauma, then check soft tissue birth canal. If laceration, then stitch If large size hematoma, then clean clot and stitch. If PPH is caused by coagulation problems, then check if there is DIC. If there is DIC, then do blood transfusion. **2. Describe the diagnostic criteria of PCOS \*** **Clinical Findings** - - - - **Evaluation/ Diagnosis** **History** - - - - - **Laboratory findings** - - - - - - **Treatment** **Lifestyle changes** - - **Medications** - - - **Surgery** - - - **3. The characteristics of uterine contractility.** The characteristic of uterine contractility - - - - **4. Describe the definition and causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) \*** **Definition of AUB** - - - - - - **Cause of AUB** - **Classification of AUB** - - - - - - - - - **Treatment of AUB** **Medications** - - - - - **Surgery** - - - - - **5. DUB \*** Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (compared to normal menstruation) Due to endocrine abnormalities **Anovulatory DUB (90%)** - - - - **Clinical findings** - - - - - **Treatment** - - - **Ovulatory DUB (10%)** - - - **6. Classification of gestational hypertension disease \*** Gestational Hypertension - - - - Preeclampsia is the development of hypertension BP ≥140/90 mm Hg with - - Eclampsia is the presence of convulsions (grand mal seizures) in a woman with preeclampsia, that is not explained by a neurological disorder. **Pathophysiological changes in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy** - - - - - - - - **7. Preeclampsia \*** Preeclampsia is the development of hypertension with proteinuria and edema after 20 weeks of gestation. **Symptoms** - - **Criteria for Preeclampsia** - - - - - **Severe preeclampsia** - - - - **Risk factors** - **Treatment** - **8. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus \*** **Risk Factors** - - - **Significance** - - - - - - - - **Diagnosis** Screening in every pregnant women at or before 28 weeks 3 hours 300g oral glucose abnormal values **Treatment** - - - - - - **Prognosis** Women with GDM have increased risk of developing DM in the future. **Impact of pregnancy on diabetes** **Maternal effects** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. **Fetal effects** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **Infant effects** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **9. Diagnosis of leiomyoma / signs and symptoms of leiomyoma \* (Essay)** **Signs** - - - - - - - **Diagnosis** - - - **Differential diagnosis:** - - - - **Treatment** - **Surgical**: - - - **10. Endometriosis** **Definition** - - **Diagnosis** - - - - - - - - - **Physical exam** - - - - **Treatment**: **NSAIDs** **Hormonal therapy**: - - - - - **Surgical**: - - - **11) Cervical Cancer \* (Essay)** Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix The lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. **Symptom of Cervical Cancer** - - - **Pathologic Types of Cervical Cancer** 1. 2. **Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer** 1. 2. 3. - - - - **Clinical Staging** **Treatment of Cervical Cancer** - - - - **12) Apgar score** A quick method of assessing the clinical status of a newborn at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. \>= 7 normal; 4-6 fairly low; \