Chromatography Techniques PDF

CH ROMATO G RA P HY BY GROUP 3 CHROMATOGRAP HY CHROMATOGRAPHY IS A TECHNIQUE FOR SEPARATING THE COMPONENTS, OR SOLUTES, OF A MIXTURE ON THE BASIS OF THE RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF EACH SOLUTE DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN A MOVING FLUID STREAM, CALLED THE MOBILE PHASE, AND A CONTIGUOU...

CH ROMATO G RA P HY BY GROUP 3 CHROMATOGRAP HY CHROMATOGRAPHY IS A TECHNIQUE FOR SEPARATING THE COMPONENTS, OR SOLUTES, OF A MIXTURE ON THE BASIS OF THE RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF EACH SOLUTE DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN A MOVING FLUID STREAM, CALLED THE MOBILE PHASE, AND A CONTIGUOUS STATIONARY PHASE. THE MOBILE PHASE MAY BE EITHER A LIQUID OR A GAS, WHILE THE STATIONARY PHASE IS EITHER A SOLID OR A LIQUID.  STEPS 1. SELECTING A SUITABLE TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT: IT IS DECIDED BASED ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE SOLVENT, PAPER, MIXTURE, ETC. 2. SELECTING A SUITABLE FILTER PAPER: SELECTION OF FILTER PAPER IS DONE BASED ON THE SIZE OF THE PORES AND THE SAMPLE QUALITY.  STEPS 3. PREPARE THE SAMPLE: SAMPLE PREPARATION INCLUDES THE DISSOLUTION OF THE SAMPLE IN A SUITABLE SOLVENT (INERT WITH THE SAMPLE UNDER ANALYSIS) USED IN MAKING THE MOBILE PHASE. 4. SPOT THE SAMPLE ON THE PAPER: SAMPLES SHOULD BE SPOTTED AT A PROPER POSITION ON THE PAPER BY USING A CAPILLARY TUBE. 5. CHROMATOGRAM DEVELOPMENT: CHROMATOGRAM DEVELOPMENT IS SPOTTED BY IMMERSING THE PAPER IN THE MOBILE PHASE. DUE TO THE CAPILLARY ACTION OF PAPER, THE MOBILE PHASE MOVES OVER THE SAMPLE ON THE PAPER. 6. PAPER DRYING AND COMPOUND DETECTION: ONCE THE CHROMATOGRAM IS DEVELOPED, THE PAPER IS DRIED USING AN AIR DRIER. ALSO, DETECTING SOLUTION CAN BE SPRAYED ON THE CHROMATOGRAM DEVELOPED PAPER AND DRIED TO IDENTIFY THE SAMPLE CHROMATOGRAM SPOTS. USES QUALITY CONTROL: CHROMATOGRAPHY CAN TEST FOR CONTAMINANTS IN FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND PURIFICATION: MEDICINES. CHROMATOGRAPHY CAN PURIFY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN SOLID, LIQUID, OR GAS FORM. USES SAMPLE PREPARATION: CHROMATOGRAPHY CAN SEPARATE COMPONENTS FROM A SAMPLE. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS: CHROMATOGRAPHY CAN ANALYZE THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS. USES FORENSIC SCIENCE: CHROMATOGRAPHY CAN IDENTIFY AND COMPARE SAMPLES OF DRUGS, EXPLOSIVES, INKS, AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES TECHNIQUES GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY IS ARGUABLY THE MOST POPULAR CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD, HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IS A CLOSE SECOND. THIS METHOD IS A FAVORITE IN MANY LABS BECAUSE OF ITS EFFICIENCY USING A LIQUID (OR SOLVENT) MOBILE PHASE THAT PUSHES THE SAMPLE THROUGH THE MACHINE USING A HIGH-PRESSURE PUMP. TECHNIQUES PAPER TECHNIQUE IS A TECHNIQUE FOR SEPARATING DISSOLVED CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THEIR DIFFERENT RATES OF MIGRATION ACROSS TECHNIQUES THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (TLC) IS a technique that separates components in non- volatile mixtures.It is performed on a TLC plate made up of a non-reactive solid coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material. TECHNIQUES COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY IS A PREPARATIVE TECHNIQUE USED TO PURIFY COMPOUNDS DEPENDING ON THEIR POLARITY OR HYDROPHOBICITY. A MIXTURE OF MOLECULES IS SEPARATED BASED ON THEIR DIFFERENTIALS PARTITIONING BETWEEN A MOBILE PHASE AND A STATIONARY PHASE. TECHNIQUES HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY SEPARATES COMPOUNDS DISSOLVED IN A LIQUID SAMPLE AND ALLOWS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WHAT COMPONENTS AND HOW MUCH OF EACH COMPONENT ARE CONTAINED IN THE SAMPLE. TH A N K YOU!!