Group-5-STS.pdf

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING MEMBERS: Chan, Nathaly S. Rafael, Rose Janssen INTRODUCTION Science and technology have played a crucial role in the development of the Philippines as a nation. Throughout its history, the Philippines has been influenced by different cultures and colonial...

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING MEMBERS: Chan, Nathaly S. Rafael, Rose Janssen INTRODUCTION Science and technology have played a crucial role in the development of the Philippines as a nation. Throughout its history, the Philippines has been influenced by different cultures and colonial powers, each leaving its mark on the country's scientific and technological development. This lesson will discuss the influence of science and technology in the development of the Philippine society. It identifies government programs, projects, and policies geared toward boasting the science and technological capacity of the country. This lesson will also include discussions on Philippine indigenous science and technology. Scientists greatly help in the economic development of a country. In the Philippines have number of renowned scientists and technologists whose exemplary works and discoveries have contributed to the progress of different industries.  Science education focuses on teaching, learning and understanding science. SCIENCE Teaching science means exploring pedagogical theories and models in helping teachers teach scientific EDUCATION concepts and process effectively. Learning science includes both pedagogy and the most interesting aspect, which is THROUGH helping students understand and love science. Understanding science implies developing and applying science-process THE DECADES skills and using science literacy in understanding the natural world and activities in everyday life.  After World War II, the emergency curriculum made possible the accommodation of 120 pupils in an elementary level. Science Secondary level general curriculum replaced the type of A&B curricula. Home economics, national language and vocational courses became required courses for all years except education for geometry, advanced algebra and physics which became optional courses. No science offered in grade 1 to 4 of in the 1940s elementary level 30 minutes allotted for science and arithmetic in intermediate levels (grades 5 and 6) One teacher handled 60 pupils in the morning and another teacher in the afternoon.  General secondary curriculum was enforced in all third- and fourth- 1946 year classes of public schools. Physics, Chemistry and Advanced algebra were optional. The educational act of 1948 1948-1949 seeking restore grade 7 drafted but it remained unacted.  Community school movement started in Ilocos and Bohol. Classroom instruction emphasized functional and social values of the subject matter and Science activities dealt with understanding and appreciation of simple facts and methods, activities in the form of observation, experimentation, critical thinking, planning education and participating in the experiments. Secondary level was emphasized in such activities as health, sanitation, community and home beautification. in the 1950s Primary school curriculum made possible The regular educational act of of1948 daily offerings seeking fundamental handwork restore grade in grades 2, 3, andbut 7 drafted 4. it remained Emphasis was given to the economics side of unacted. life, to improvements community living, acquisition of essential skills. Good attention from administrators and supervisors.  Emphasis in the objectives of instructional procedures and evaluation. Educational objectives, cognitive, affective, and psychomotor was given prominence in teacher education course and summer institute. Chemistry was newly introduced subject in the Development public high schools and teachers needed the training because many of those teaching this subject has no specialization in it. During the decade some agencies assisted in the in the 1960s training of science teacher. The first part of four-year in-service training program in the use of Filipino as medium of Theinstruction educational actnon-Tagalog grade 1 for of 1948 seeking provinces and restore grade 3grade 7 drafted for Tagalog provinces but it remained Launched in 22 regional in-service education unacted. centers. Summer institute also focused on certain issues related to the improvement of science and math education.  Instructional procedures – emphasized students experience which contributed to the attainment of the stated goals. Behavioral objectives: Evaluation – used The educational students’ acttoofreinforce learning the 1948 seeking restore grade 7 drafted experiences. but it remained Test critical unacted. thinking skills, analysis, application and other cognitive skills. SELECTED INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES Indigenous Indigenous Indigenous science knowledge technologies Indigenous is a product of indigenous knowledge perfected by people through life experiences. It is the use of science process skills guided by science community culture and values composed of traditional/indigenous knowledge Indigenous is one that is embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities. This knowledge system is knowledge passed on orally and is evident in their stories, poems, and songs. Indigenous on the other hand, are processes or products resulting from studying indigenous science. It is designed and fabricated based on the culture, tradition and needs of people and which is technologies adopted for use in the environment. Indigenous Knowledge and Science: Herbal Medicine and Traditional Health Practices Years before the arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines, the use of medicinal plants was the common way of treating ailments and there were several books that compiled these medicinal plants. Since ancient times up to this day, medicinal plants have been used for treatment in most countries. In fact, the Department of Health approved 10 medicinal plants (garlic, sambong, guava, to name a few) to prevent and treat certain diseases. Thanks to our ancestors who carefully observed and utilized these plants. Truly, the development of modern medicine is based on the practices of plant-based traditional medicine, a hundred of years of beliefs and observations. We also have a long list of traditional health practices that some of us still perform up to this day. We have hilot to treat sprains and fractures, tawas to determine the cause and nature of sudden illnesses through the use of potassium alum, and many more. Indigenous Science: Food Preservation Ages-old food preservation techniques include drying, smoking, cooling, freezing, fermenting, salting, pickling, and canning. Drying and smoking are one of the most ancient methods of food preservation. Indigenous Science: Classifying Soils One of the indigenous practices of early Filipinos is classifying soils for planting. Criteria used by early Filipino farmers in soil classification are their experiences upported by their ability to observe attributes of soil resources. This is their way to identify the best use, and appropriate management practices of the soil resource.  Indigenous technologies are processes or products which are the results of studying indigenous science. Following are the Philippine indigenous technologies that have emerged out of Filipino’s Indigenous creativity, originality and inventiveness. These technologies Technologies are now part of our lives when they come to medicine, food products, industry, and other aspects of human existence.  Yoyo This is a toy consisting of an axle connected to two disks and a string looped around the axle. It is played by holding the handle (string) by inserting one finger into a knot at its free end. A Filipino immigrant to the US named Pedro Flores is credited with popularizing the toy in the 1920s, making it the ubiquitous plaything that we still recognize today. While working as a bellhop at a local hotel in Santa Barbara, Flores started hand-making copies of the yoyo for local children. He was so instantly successful that he had hired two other workers by November 1928 to handcraft as many copies as they could produce. Medical Incubator Medical incubator is a device that provides sufficient warmth to the body to maintain a desired temperature, especially used for newborn children. But did you know that it was a Filipina who first developed a low cost prototype of this machine? In a bid to help families in rural communities without electricity, Dr. Fe del Mundo invented a bamboo incubator in 1941. Her makeshift incubator was composed of two native laundry baskets made of bamboo which were placed one inside the other and was provided with hot water all around between the baskets to make warmth available to the newborn babies, especially premature born before the mother’s 37th week of pregnancy CONLUSION Education has been transformed by technology, which has made learning more accessible and engaging. Education has become more inclusive and cost-effective as a result of online learning platforms, virtual classrooms, and e-learning technologies. This has resulted in higher literacy rates and more educated workforces, which has resulted in increased productivity and economic growth. Infrastructure has been transformed by science and technology, making transportation, communication, and energy systems more efficient and sustainable. Scientific developments have enabled smart cities, green energy, and efficient transportation systems.