Infectious Organisms and Body's Barriers PDF

tor active  Infectious organisms taking advantage of breaches in the body’s barriers Infectious or...

tor active  Infectious organisms taking advantage of breaches in the body’s barriers Infectious organisms Transformation Organisms invading of normal body * and reproducing cells into Ca infections Parasitic in the human tumor cells ncer body as part of that threaten their life cycle Self the body es ted Toxic substances an To l released by other xin nsp u s a Tr tiss organisms or from Grafts from environmental sources non-identical donors Leukocytes Cells Others Lymphocytes Phagocytes Helper Cells B-cells T-cells Large granular Mononuclear Neutrophil Granulocyte Basophil Mast cell Blood lymphocytes phagocytes eosinophil platelets Tissue cells Soluble Antibodies Cytokines Complement Inflammatory Interferon mediators factors mediators cytokines 2 - Lysosome Multi-lobed nucleus Phagosome  ~ agens Nucleus B-lymphocytes Y-shaped antibodies  Lysis Opsonization Activation of Clearance of Inflammatory Response Immune Complexes Complement Ag-Ab proteins Complement complex receptor Bacteria Degranulation Tissue Blood Target cell Phagocyte Extravasation Phagocyte Complement proteins  blood messe F Protein * Chemokines Cytokines Fluids A B C  * 4 Phagocytes destroy bacteria 1 Tissue damage triggers a local increase in blood flow and capillary permeability Neutrophils and other phagocytes Bacteria 3 Phagocytes migrate to 2 Permeable capillaries allow an influx of Exudate site of inflammation fluid (exudate) and cells into tissue (complement, (chemotaxis) C-reactive protein) Extravasation Neutrophil Capillary  Tissue Invasion by Bacteria Results in Injury to the Body Reaction Body’s Inflammatory Response: Increased blood flow delivers the body’s defensive cells and plasma to the invasion site Some tissue destruction Leukocytes and plasma Leukocytes occurs in the area surrounding proteins leak from blood fight the the infection site that is a vessels into the tissue at invading side-effect of the body’s the site of infection bacteria inflammatory response  Inflammatory Response Bacterial infection HEAT! of 2 weeks or less PAIN! REDNESS! Acute Inflammation Bacterial infection LOSS OF SWELLING! of longer than 2 weeks FUNCTION! Chronic Inflammation Persistent onslaught NO SYMPTOMS! of bacteria NO SYMPTOMS! Exaggerated Host Inflammatory Response  Blood Tissues vessel Complement activation Macrophage Bacteria Tissue damage Chemotaxis Chemokines PMN IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α IL-8 Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Macrophage Endothelial Lymphocyte damage T Chapter 9 Host Immune Response to Periodontal Pathogens Section 1 The Role of Host Response in Periodontal Disease 158 Inflammatory Biochemical Mediators Section 2 Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Periodontal Disease 160 Early Bacterial Accumulation Phase Early Gingivitis: Plaque Biofilm Overgrowth Phase Established Gingivitis: Subgingival Plaque Biofilm Phase Periodontitis: Tissue Destruction Phase Mechanisms of Bone Destruction Section 3 Focus on Patients 169 Learning Objectives Define the term immune system and name its primary function. Examine the periodontium of a patient with gingivitis and point out the signs of inflammation that are visible in the tissues. Define the term biochemical mediator and name three types of mediators. Describe the tissue destruction that can be initiated by the biochemical mediators secreted by immune cells. Describe the sequential development of periodontal disease. Describe the role of the host response in the severity and tissue destruction seen in periodontitis. Explain immunologic interactions of the host in periodontal diseases. Describe and differentiate the mechanisms of tissue destruction in periodontal disease. Describe and discuss current knowledge of the immunopathology of periodontal disease. Key Terms Host response Prostaglandins Host Prostaglandins of the E series (PGE) Biochemical mediators Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) Cytokines