Cell Biology: Nucleus and Parts of a Cell (PDF)
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This document covers the nucleus and various parts of animal, human, and plant cells. It includes descriptions of cell organelles like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes, and their functions. There are also multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank practice questions to test understanding of cell structure and processes.
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THE NUCLEUS AND PARTS OF A CELL ANIMAL, HUMAN, AND PLANT CELLS HUMAN CELL ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL LET’S LOOK AT THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF A CELL cell membrane A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell. Functions: Controls the passage of substances in and out of...
THE NUCLEUS AND PARTS OF A CELL ANIMAL, HUMAN, AND PLANT CELLS HUMAN CELL ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL LET’S LOOK AT THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF A CELL cell membrane A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell. Functions: Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell. Maintains the cell's shape and internal environment. (Human, Plant, Animal) cytoplasm The gel-like substance that fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Functions: Supports and suspends cell organelles. Provides a medium for the transport of molecules within the cell. (Human, Plant, Animal) mitochondria Performs cellular respiration, or the process in which nutrients are broken down and turned into energy the cell can use. Known as the “powerhouse” of the cell. Functions: -Produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration. (Human, Plant, Animal) ribosomes Small structures composed of RNA and protein. Functions: -The site of protein synthesis. (Human, Plant, Animal) endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) A network of membranous tubules and sacs. Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes; involved in protein synthesis and modification. Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage. (Human, Plant, Animal) Golgi apparatus A stack of flattened, membranous sacs. Functions: -Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell. (Human, Plant, Animal) Lysosome Membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes. Functions: Break down cellular waste, debris, and foreign substances. (Animal) vacuole Membrane-bound sacs that store water, nutrients, and waste products. Functions: Maintain cell turgor pressure (in plant cells). Store various substances. (Human, Plant, Animal) THE NUCLEUS WHAT IS A CELL NUCLEUS? The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is often referred to as the "control center" of the cell. FUNCTIONS OF A CELL NUCLEUS Stores genetic material: Houses the cell's DNA, which contains the instructions for all cellular activities. FUNCTIONS OF A CELL NUCLEUS Controls cellular activities: Regulates gene expression, cell growth, division, and metabolism. FUNCTIONS OF A CELL NUCLEUS Directs protein synthesis: Transcribes DNA into RNA, which then carries the genetic code to ribosomes for protein production. PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NUCLEUS NUCLEAR ENVELOPE A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm. Functions: Protects the DNA. Regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores. NUCLEOPLASM The jelly-like substance within the nucleus. Functions: Suspends the chromosomes and nucleolus. Provides a medium for the transport of molecules within the nucleus. CHROMATIN The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up chromosomes. Functions: Packages and organizes DNA to fit within the nucleus. Controls gene expression. NUCLEOLUS A dense structure within the nucleus. Function: The site of ribosome production. HERE’S A QUICK TIP... THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CELLS Plant cells Animal cells have cell don’t have a walls. cell wall - only a cell membrane. Plant cells Animal have larger cells have vacuoles. centrioles. Plant Cell Animal Cell TEST!! 1. WHICH PART OF THE NUCLEUS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTING THE DNA AND REGULATING THE PASSAGE OF MOLECULES IN AND OUT OF THE NUCLEUS THROUGH NUCLEAR PORES? a. Nucleolus b. Nuclear Envelope c. Chromatin d. Cytoplasm 2. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF MITOCHONDRIA? a. Store genetic material b. Produce energy (ATP) c. Modify and package proteins d. Synthesize ribosomes 3. THE DENSE STRUCTURE INSIDE THE NUCLEUS THAT PRODUCES RIBOSOMES IS CALLED THE _______. 4. THE _______ IS A GEL-LIKE SUBSTANCE THAT SUSPENDS ORGANELLES AND PROVIDES A MEDIUM FOR TRANSPORT WITHIN THE CELL. 5. THE _______ ER IS INVOLVED IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION, WHILE THE _______ ER IS INVOLVED IN LIPID SYNTHESIS, DETOXIFICATION, AND CALCIUM STORAGE. THANK YOU!!
