GREEK ARCHITECTURE PDF

GREEK ARCHITECTURE Sushumna GEOGRAPHY: Surrounded on 3 sides by the sea. ANCIENT GREECE(Before roman conquerance) PRESENT GREECE GEOLOGY: Mineral product was marble. Found in the mountains of Hymettus and Pentelicus, the islands of Paros and Naxo’s...

GREEK ARCHITECTURE Sushumna GEOGRAPHY: Surrounded on 3 sides by the sea. ANCIENT GREECE(Before roman conquerance) PRESENT GREECE GEOLOGY: Mineral product was marble. Found in the mountains of Hymettus and Pentelicus, the islands of Paros and Naxo’s Country was rich in silver,copper,iron. CLIMATE: Hot sun and heavy rains. Activity of the north with the passivity of the east in a way that conduced to the growth of a unique civilization. Northern Greece: Cooler and wetter conditions Southern Greece: More arid conditions SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS: ARCHAIC PERIOD: 1000-480 BC CLASSICAL PERIOD: PERSIANS INVADE GREECE(480 BC) GOLDEN AGE(404 BC) ALEXANDER ERA (323 BC) HELLENISTIC PERIOD : ROMANS CONQUER GREECE (146 BC) RELIGION: Worship of natural phenomena ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER: The character of the early or Mycenaean period also known as Pelasgic, cyclopean or primitive period. Hellenic period followed the Mycenaean. Colour and gilding were applied very largely to their buildings and sculpture. GILDING CLASSICAL GREEK ORDERS: Greeks developed the so called order of architecture. Doric,ionic,corinthian Later Tuscan and composite were introduced. Order consists of the column or support including base and capital and the entablature or part support. The architectural remains of these periods include town-walls, palaces and tombs. The walls are of 3 kinds of masonry: 1)Cyclopean: Masses of rock roughly quarried and piled on each other without crampirons but with clay mortar the interstices between the larger being filled with smaller blocks. 2)Rectangular: Carefully hewn rectangular blocks arranged in regular courses,but the joints between stones in the same course are not always vertical 3) Polygonal: Many sided blocks accurately worked so as to fit together ADDITIONAL VARIOUS CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES: 1)CORBELS: Some horizontal courses were employed projecting one beyond the other till the apex was reached. 2)INCLINED BLOCKS: Sometimes inclined blocks forming triangular headed openings were employed. 3)ARCHES The hellenic period contains all the principal temples and monuments between 700 BC to 146 BC. Many greek cities were upon or in the intermediate vicinity of a hill called ACROPOLIS( an upper city) and formed a citadel. The temples formed the most important class of buildings erected during this period. The ancient Greeks built the ACROPOLIS to get a better view of the positions of their enemies.