Grammar Book 2 PDF - Intermediate English - A2 CEFR - PDF

ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 0 ENGLISH-4U.DE’S GRAMMAR BOOK 2 Intermediate level (CEFR A2) Table of Contents 1. Some or any...

ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 0 ENGLISH-4U.DE’S GRAMMAR BOOK 2 Intermediate level (CEFR A2) Table of Contents 1. Some or any 1 2. Past simple 10 3. Simple future tense 24 4. Going to Future 24 5. Comparison of adjectives 31 6. Prepositions of place 40 7. Prepositions of time 48 8. Adjective or adverb 55 9. Possessive pronouns 63 10. Present perfect simple 69 11. Present perfect with for and since 76 12. Present perfect or past tense 78 13. Past progressive 83 14. Past simple or progressive 87 15. Relative clauses 93 16. Modal verbs (can, may, must) 98 17. Conjunctions 105 18. Reflexive Pronouns 108 19. Verbs with no progressive form 118 20. Irregular verbs list 119 Copyright notice: Copyright © by Herwig Rothländer. All Rights Reserved. The material in this book may be used freely for any non-commercial use. You may use this book for personal, teaching and classroom use. You may give copies of this book to your friends, colleagues and students as long as you don’t change anything. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 1 SOME – ANY We use some und any with uncountable things or when we cannot specify or do not need or want to specify a number or an exact amount. SOME 1. In sentences when you expect a positive answer and with demands. Examples: I bought some very nice postcards. Give me some orange juice, please. 2. In polite questions or requests or if we expect the answer "YES". Examples: Would you like some more coffee? Do we have some time to go to the cinema? ANY 1. In questions Have you got any blue shoes? 2. In negations No, I haven't got any. 3. In conditional clauses If I had any, I would wear them. Compound uses of some and any: We can combine some and any with other words: Something – anything Somewhere – anywhere Someone – anyone Somebody – anybody Examples: Is someone at home? I would like to go somewhere this summer. We don’t have anything to eat. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 2 SOME OR ANY Fill in some or any into the gaps. 1. some I'm going to buy _______________ posters. 2. any They didn't have _______________ hair clasps. 3. any There aren't _______________ shops in this part of the town. any 4. Have you got _______________ brothers or sisters? No, I haven’t. 5. some There are _______________ beautiful leather jackets in the shop window. any some 6. I haven't got _______________ stamps, but Ann has got _______________. some 7. I can pay. I've got _______________ money. any 8. Are there _______________ letters for me this morning? No, there aren't. some 9. We saw _______________ punks in Hyde Park. any 10. Do you know _______________ good hotels in London? some 11. Would you like _______________ tea? Yes, please. any 12. We haven't got _______________ bread. I am going to buy _______________. some some 13. When we were in London, we visited _______________ very interesting places. any some 14. If I had _______________ sweets, I would give you _______________. some 15. I went out to buy _______________ any milk, but they didn't have _______________ in the shop. some 16. Sorry, we’re late. We had _______________ problems with the car. any 17. Why isn’t the radio working? Are there _______________ batteries in it? some anymore 18. Would you like _______________ cheese? No, thank you. I’m not hungry ___________more. 19. Everybody was standing because there weren’t _______________ any chairs in the hall. any 20. I can’t buy you a drink. I haven’t got _______________ money. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 3 SOME OR ANY 1. I'm going to buy some posters. 2. They didn't have any hair clasps. 3. There aren't any shops in this part of the town. 4. Have you got any brothers or sisters? No, I haven’t. 5. There are some beautiful leather jackets in the shop window. 6. I haven't got any stamps, but Ann has got some. 7. I can pay. I've got some money. 8. Are there any letters for me this morning? No, there aren't. 9. We saw some punks in Hyde Park. 10. Do you know some good hotels in London? 11. Would you like some tea? Yes, please. 12. We haven't got any bread. I am going to buy some. 13. When we were in London, we visited some very interesting places. 14. If I had any sweets, I would give you some. 15. I went out to buy some milk, but they didn't have any in the shop. 16. Sorry, we’re late. We had some problems with the car. 17. Why isn’t the radio working? Are there any batteries in it? 18. Would you like some cheese? No, thank you. I’m not hungry anymore. 19. Everybody was standing because there weren’t any chairs in the hall. 20. I can’t buy you a drink. I haven’t got any money. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 4 SOME – ANY AND COMPOUNDS 1 Fill in some – any – something – anything – someone – anyone - somewhere. 1. Tell me ________________________ something exciting. 2. There wasn’t ________________________ anyone who was angry. 3. some She started to do ________________________ experiments. 4. There isn’t ________________________ any milk in the bottle. 5. I didn’t say ________________________. anything 6. I don’t have ________________________ any time for you. 7. any Did you do ________________________ sports? some 8. He sometimes has ________________________ good ideas. 9. I haven’t got ________________________ any money left. 10. Does ________________________ anyone know the answer? 11. ________________________ someone helped them. someone 12. I think ________________________ gave me some wrong information. 13. I haven’t done ________________________ any diving yet. 14. He didn’t have ________________________ any ideas. anyone 15. There wasn’t ________________________ on the beach. 16. ________________________ was wrong with the car. 17. They live ________________________ somewhere near the shopping mall. some 18. After ________________________ time, he began to play better. something 19. She wanted to do ________________________ to help them. someone 20. I think ________________________ had made a mistake. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 5 SOME – ANY AND COMPOUNDS 2 Fill in some – any – something – anything – someone – anyone. 1. We had to look for ________________________ else. 2. They didn’t like ________________________ to eat. 3. There’s ________________________ at the door. 4. We don’t have ________________________ news for her. 5. Was there ________________________ at the door? 6. I think ________________________ made a mistake. 7. We didn’t find ________________________ useful in the house. 8. There wasn’t ________________________ in the woods. 9. I’ve ________________________ really good friends. 10. Tom hasn’t done ________________________ madness skiing yet. 11. There isn’t ________________________ soup in the bowl. 12. Why aren’t there ________________________ children in the classroom? 13. I can hear ________________________. 14. There is ________________________ at the door. 15. He usually does his homework without ________________________ help. 16. Would you like ________________________ more orange juice? 17. There was hardly ________________________ rain last month. 18. It’s easy. Almost ________________________ can do it. 19. We have ________________________ cake left from yesterday. 20. I have never met ________________________ as friendly as her. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 6 SOME – ANY AND COMPOUNDS 3 Fill in something / anything – somebody / anybody – somewhere / anywhere. 1. She said _________________, but I didn't understand _________________. 2. Has _________________ found my blue pencil? No, I'm sorry. 3. Would _________________ help me, please? Yes, I can help you. 4. Have you got _________________ to eat? No, I haven't. 5. Tom, can you give me _________________ to drink, please? 6. Is there _________________ in the house? No, it's deserted. 7. Do you know _________________ about London transport? No, I don't. 8. What's wrong? There's _________________ in my eye. 9. Would you like _________________ to drink? Yes, please. 10. _________________ has broken the window. I don't know who. 11. He didn’t tell me _________________. 12. Have you seen my key? I can't find it _________________. 13. I’m looking for my keys. Has _________________ seen them? No, I'm sorry. 14. Teach me _________________ exciting. 15. I didn’t eat _________________ because I wasn’t hungry. 16. Dad, can we go _________________ on Sunday? Yes, what about going to the zoo? 17. He lives _________________ near the city centre. 18. Where’s Dad? – In the garage. He is repairing _________________. 19. She wanted to do _________________ to help me. 20. Sorry, I can’t see _________________. It’s too dark. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 7 SOME – ANY AND COMPOUNDS 4 Fill in some or any - something or anything - someone or anyone. 1. Look, there is _______________ sitting under the tree. 2. The children want to have _______________ crisps for their party, but we don’t have _______________. 3. I can’t find my bag. – Is there _______________ in it? – Yes, of course, _____________ popcorn, _____________ chocolate but not _____________ money. 4. Where is Tom? - He is at the shop. He is buying _______________ for lunch. 5. I’d like _______________ milk for breakfast. - Sorry, but we haven’t got _______________ milk. But you can have _______________ orange juice. 6. Yesterday I found a box in the street. - Was there _______________ in it? - Yes, there were _______________ old magazines in it. 7. Look, there is someone in the garden. - Where? I can’t see _______________. 8. I didn’t need _______________ to help me. 9. She bought _______________ new skirts. 10. He never does _______________ homework. 11. We have _______________ to eat for dinner. 12. I cannot hear _______________ because it’s too loud. 13. I have _______________ questions. 14. There wasn't _______________ at home. 15. _______________ broke the window. 16. He didn't want to eat _______________. 17. Would you like _______________ tea? 18. I haven't got _______________ more questions. 19. I saw _______________ at the window. 20. I saw them _______________ minutes ago. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 8 SOME – ANY AND COMPOUNDS 1 1. Tell me something exciting. 2. There wasn’t anyone who was angry. 3. She started to do some experiments. 4. There isn’t any milk in the bottle. 5. I didn’t say anything. 6. I don’t have any time for you. 7. Did you do any sports? 8. He sometimes has some good ideas. 9. I haven’t got any money left. 10. Does anyone know the answer? 11. Someone helped them. 12. I think someone gave me some wrong information. 13. I haven’t done any diving yet. 14. He didn’t have any ideas. 15. There wasn’t anyone on the beach. 16. Something was wrong with the car. 17. They live somewhere near the shopping mall. 18. After some time, he began to play better. 19. She wanted to do something to help them. 20. I think someone had made a mistake. SOME – ANY AND COMPOUNDS 2 1. We had to look for something / someone else. 2. They didn’t like anything to eat. 3. There’s someone at the door. 4. We don’t have any news for her. 5. Was there anyone at the door? 6. I think someone made a mistake. 7. We didn’t find anything useful in the house. 8. There wasn’t anyone in the woods. 9. I’ve some really good friends. 10. Tom hasn’t done any madness skiing yet. 11. There isn’t any soup in the bowl. 12. Why aren’t there any children in the classroom? 13. I can hear something. 14. There is someone at the door. 15. He usually does his homework without any help. 16. Would you like some more orange juice? 17. There was hardly any rain last month. 18. It’s easy. Almost anyone can do it. 19. We have some cake left from yesterday. 20. I have never met anyone as friendly as her. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 9 SOME – ANY AND COMPOUNDS 3 1. She said something, but I didn't understand anything. 2. Has anybody found my blue pencil? No, I'm sorry. 3. Would somebody help me, please? Yes, I can help you. 4. Have you got anything to eat? No, I haven't. 5. Tom, can you give me something to drink, please? 6. Is there anybody in the house? No, it's deserted. 7. Do you know anything about London transport? No, I don't. 8. What's wrong? There's something in my eye. 9. Would you like something to drink? Yes, please. 10. Somebody has broken the window. I don't know who. 11. He didn’t tell me anything. 12. Have you seen my key? I can't find it anywhere. 13. I’m looking for my keys. Has anybody seen them? No, I'm sorry. 14. Teach me something exciting. 15. I didn’t eat anything because I wasn’t hungry. 16. Dad, can we go somewhere on Sunday? Yes, what about going to the zoo? 17. He lives somewhere near the city centre. 18. Where’s Dad? – In the garage. He is repairing something. 19. She wanted to do something to help me. 20. Sorry, I can’t see anything. It’s too dark. SOME – ANY AND COMPOUNDS 4 1. Look, there is someone sitting under the tree. 2. The children want to have some crisps for their party, but we don’t have any. 3. I can’t find my bag. – Is there anything in it? – Yes, of course, some popcorn, some chocolate but not any money. 4. Where is Tom? - He is at the shop. He is buying something for lunch. 5. I’d like some milk for breakfast. - Sorry, but we haven’t got any milk. But you can have some orange juice. 6. Yesterday I found a box in the street. - Was there anything in it? - Yes, there were some old magazines in it. 7. Look, there is someone in the garden. - Where? I can’t see anyone. 8. I didn’t need anyone to help me. 9. She bought some new skirts. 10. He never does any homework. 11. We have something to eat for dinner. 12. I cannot hear anything because it’s too loud. 13. I have some questions. 14. There wasn't anyone at home. 15. Someone broke the window. 16. He didn't want to eat anything. 17. Would you like some tea? 18. I haven't got any more questions. 19. I saw someone at the window. 20. I saw them some minutes ago. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 10 PAST SIMPLE We use the past tense to talk about something that happened in the past. Regular verbs How to form: Infinitive (=1st form) + ed = 2nd form Examples: walk + ed walked laugh + ed laughed want + ed wanted Note: cry / carry cried / carried y i love / hope loved / hoped Add only a “d” if there is an “e” at the end of the word stop / drop stopped / dropped if you speak a short vowel → doubling Key words: yesterday, last week (month, Monday, October...), in 1984, ago Irregular verbs 1st form 2nd form 1st form 2nd form am, is was do did are were take took get got find found go went run ran see saw tell told Negation: How to form: didn't (= did not) + infinitive He didn't go to her last party. They didn't like his story. BUT: was not (wasn't), were not (weren't), could not (couldn't) Question: How to form: did + infinitive Did he go to her last party? Did they like his story? BUT: Was he angry? Were they late? Could they swim? © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 11 PAST SIMPLE 1 Put the sentences into past tense. won 1. She wins the money. She ________________ the money. could 2. They can eat. They ________________ eat. had to 3. She must go. She ________________ go. went 4. We go shopping. We ________________ shopping. ran 5. She runs to school. She ________________ to school. 6. I can walk. I ________________ could walk. bought 7. We buy a new car. We ________________ a new car. 8. They leave the party. They ________________ left the party. collected 9. We collect coins. We ________________ coins. were 10. You are allowed to eat. You ________________ allowed to eat. ate 11. Peter eats a hamburger. Peter ________________ a hamburger. had 12. She has to wash it. She ________________ to wash it. wanted 13. They want to go home. They ________________ to go home. 14. I close the windows. I ________________ closed the windows. studied 15. She studies for a test. She ________________ for a test. could 16. They can drive. They ________________ drive. liked 17. Sam likes to laugh. Sam ________________ to laugh. 18. Mary goes home. Mary ________________ went home. wrote 19. We write a letter. We ________________ a letter. opened 20. She opens the window. She ________________ the window. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 12 PAST SIMPLE 1 1. She wins the money. She won the money. 2. They can eat. They could eat. 3. She must go. She had to go. 4. We go shopping. We went shopping. 5. She runs to school. She ran to school. 6. I can walk. I could walk. 7. We buy a new car. We bought a new car. 8. They leave the party. They left the party. 9. We collect coins. We collected coins. 10. You are allowed to eat. You were allowed to eat. 11. Peter eats a hamburger. Peter ate a hamburger. 12. She has to wash it. She had to wash it. 13. They want to go home. They wanted to go home. 14. I close the windows. I closed the windows. 15. She studies for a test. She studied for a test. 16. They can drive. They could drive. 17. Sam likes to laugh. Sam liked to laugh. 18. Mary goes home. Mary went home. 19. We write a letter. We wrote a letter. 20. She opens the window. She opened the window. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 13 PAST SIMPLE 2 1. Fill in the past simple tense to tell the story. talked On Friday, the children ________________ (talk) about a day out together in the country. The next morning, they ________________ played (go) to the country with their two dogs and ________________ went had (play) together. Ben and Dave ________________ (have) some kites. Some time later the dogs were called ________________ (be) not there. So, they ________________ (call) them and looked ________________ (look) for them in the forest. After half an hour the children found took ________________ (find) them and ________________ (take) them back. Charlie was ________________ went (be) very happy to see them again. At lunch time Nick ________________ (go) fetched to the bikes and ________________ (fetch) the basket with some meat sandwiches. Then they won ________________ played (play) football. Nick and Dave ________________ (win). In the evening they rode ________________ (ride) home. 2. Fill in the correct simple past forms into the text. did The pupils of class 8B ________________ (do) a project last week. First the pupils choosed ________________ (choose) what they wanted to do. Then they ________________ got (get) talked information from books and brochures, and they ________________ (talk) to a lot of people. They found ________________ helped (find) some interesting photos in the library. Their teacher ________________ asked (help) them when they ________________ (ask) her. Then they ________________ made (make) a poster and a video, and ________________ told (tell) the other groups about their project. 3. A project about Cornwall. Fill in the correct word in the past simple. arrange bring choose decide find get go say start Last month Jenny, Nick and Ben ________________ decided to do a project together. They went ________________ chose Cornwall. First Jenny ________________ to a travel agency and ________________ found some brochures. Nick and Ben ________________ some interesting books in brought started the library. Then they ________________ got working. A week later they ________________ all their material to school and ________________ arranged it on a poster.” Your presentation is interesting “, said ________________ Miss Hunt. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 14 PAST SIMPLE 2 1. Fill in the past simple tense to tell the story. On Friday, the children talked (talk) about a day out together in the country. The next morning, they went (go) to the country with their two dogs and played (play) together. Ben and Dave had (have) some kites. Some time later the dogs were (be) not there. So, they called (call) them and looked (look) for them in the forest. After half an hour the children found (find) them and took (take) them back. Charlie was (be) very happy to see them again. At lunch time Nick went (go) to the bikes and fetched (fetch) the basket with some meat sandwiches. Then they played (play) football. Nick and Dave won (win). In the evening they rode (ride) home. 2. Fill in the correct simple past forms into the text. The pupils of class 8B did (do) a project last week. First the pupils chose (choose) what they wanted to do. Then they got (get) information from books and brochures, and they talked (talk) to a lot of people. They found (find) some interesting photos in the library. Their teacher helped (help) them when they asked (ask) her. Then they made (make) a poster and a video and told (tell) the other groups about their project. 3. A project about Cornwall. Fill in the correct word in the past simple. arrange bring choose decide find get go say start Last month Jenny, Nick and Ben decided to do a project together. They chose Cornwall. First Jenny went to a travel agency and got some brochures. Nick and Ben found some interesting books in the library. Then they started working. A week later they brought all their material to school and arranged it on a poster. “Your presentation is interesting”, said Miss Hunt. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 15 PAST SIMPLE NEGATION 1 Use the first verb and write down the past simple negation. 1. Paula wrote back. Paula ___________________________ didnt wrote back. didnt arrive 2. We arrived late. We ___________________________ late. did not play 3. He played football. He ___________________________ football. didnt forget 4. I forgot her birthday. I ___________________________ her birthday. 5. He washed the car. He ___________________________ didnt wash the car. 6. She hurt her leg. She ___________________________ didnt hurt her leg. wasnt 7. Sam was tired. Sam ___________________________ tired. didnt find 8. I found the keys. I ___________________________ the keys. didnt tidy 9. She tidied her room. She ___________________________ her room. didnt jump 10. He jumped high. He ___________________________ high. didnt drive 11. He drove very fast. He ___________________________ very fast. didnt find 12. Nicole found her ring. Nicole ___________________________ her ring. didnt watch 13. They watched TV. They ___________________________ TV. didnt met 14. We met Sally, but we ___________________________ Frank. wasnt 15. He was in town. He ___________________________ in town. didnt make 16. She made breakfast, but she ___________________________ lunch. didnt buy 17. He bought jeans, but he ___________________________ any T-shirts. dint like 18. She liked Chris, but she ___________________________ Robert. didnt talk 19. She talked to us, but she ___________________________ to Mr Brown. 20. They played tennis, but they ___________________________ didnt play football. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 16 PAST SIMPLE NEGATION 2 Use the first verb and write down the past simple negation. werent 1. They were at the party yesterday. They _______________________ at the party yesterday. didnt visit 2. Martin visited his grandparents. Martin _______________________ his grandparents. 3. Steve left the hotel three days ago. Steve _______________________ didnt leave the hotel. wasnt 4. She was in Italy last summer. She _______________________ in Italy last summer. didnt go 5. They went to work by train. They _______________________ to work by train. didnt open 6. Daniel opened a new restaurant. Daniel _______________________ a new restaurant. didnt see 7. We saw Bill last Saturday. We _______________________ Bill yesterday evening. didnt 8. They did their English homework, but they _______________________ their maths homework. 9. Mr Brown read my essay. Mr Brown _______________________ didnt read my essay. 10. I ordered a bacon sandwich. I _______________________ didnt order ham and eggs. werent 11. The twins were at the party. The twins _______________________ at the party. didnt visit 12. The girls visited the Tower, but they _______________________ Westminster Abbey. didnt watch 13. We watched the news, but we _______________________ the weather report. 14. We read chapter 1 to 4, but we _______________________ didnt read the last chapter. werent 15. They were in Boston, but they _______________________ in New York. didnt sing 16. Paula sang well, but Christina _______________________ well. 17. We gave her an expensive watch. We _______________________ didnt give her an expensive watch. 18. They invited Linda to their party, but they _______________________ didnt invite Carol. 19. She got up early but he _______________________ didnt get up early. didnt work 20. We worked last Tuesday, but we _______________________ last Monday. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 17 PAST SIMPLE NEGATION 1 1. Paula wrote back. Paula didn't write back. 2. We arrived late. We didn't arrive late. 3. He played football. He didn't play football. 4. I forgot her birthday. I didn't forget her birthday. 5. He washed the car. He didn't wash the car. 6. She hurt her leg. She didn't hurt her leg. 7. Sam was tired. Sam wasn't tired. 8. I found the keys. I didn't find the keys. 9. She tidied her room. She didn't tidy her room. 10. He jumped high. He didn't jump high. 11. He drove very fast. He didn't drive very fast. 12. Nicole found her ring. Nicole didn't find her ring. 13. They watched TV. They didn't watch TV. 14. We met Sally, but we didn't meet Frank. 15. He was in town. He wasn't in town. 16. She made breakfast, but she didn't make lunch. 17. He bought jeans, but he didn't buy any T-shirts. 18. She liked Chris, but she didn't like Robert. 19. She talked to us, but she didn't talk to Mr Brown. 20. They played tennis, but they didn't play football. PAST SIMPLE NEGATION 2 1. They were at the party yesterday. They weren't at the party yesterday. 2. Martin visited his grandparents. Martin didn't visit his grandparents. 3. Steve left the hotel three days ago. Steve didn't leave the hotel. 4. She was in Italy last summer. She wasn't in Italy last summer. 5. They went to work by train. They didn't go to work by train. 6. Daniel opened a new restaurant. Daniel didn't open a new restaurant. 7. We saw Bill last Saturday. We didn't see Bill yesterday evening. 8. They did their English homework, but they didn’t do their maths homework. 9. Mr Brown read my essay. Mr Brown didn't read my essay. 10. I ordered a bacon sandwich. I didn't order ham and eggs. 11. The twins were at the party. The twins weren't at the party. 12. The girls visited the Tower, but they didn't visit Westminster Abbey. 13. We watched the news, but we didn't watch the weather report. 14. We read chapter 1 to 4, but we didn't read the last chapter. 15. They were in Boston, but they weren't in New York. 16. Paula sang well, but Christina didn't sing well. 17. We gave her an expensive watch. We didn't give her an expensive watch. 18. They invited Linda to their party, but they didn't invite Carol. 19. She got up early, but he didn't get up early. 20. We worked last Tuesday, but we didn't work last Monday. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 18 PAST TENSE - NEGATION & QUESTION 1 Write down the negation. 1. She came to my party. _________________________________________________ 2. The weather was nice. _________________________________________________ 3. He wrote an email. _________________________________________________ 4. They came home late. _________________________________________________ 5. He ran fast. _________________________________________________ 6. She bought a new car. _________________________________________________ 7. They were angry. _________________________________________________ 8. She found her ring. _________________________________________________ 9. He was late. _________________________________________________ 10. They sang beautifully. _________________________________________________ Form questions. 1. She went to the cinema yesterday. → and you? __________________________ to the cinema yesterday? 2. I was late last Monday. → and you? __________________________ late last Monday? 3. He was at home yesterday evening. → and Pam? __________________________________________________________________________? 4. She studied for the test. → and you? __________________________________________________________________________? 5. Linda got up early. → and you? __________________________________________________________________________? 6. I watched TV yesterday → and you? __________________________________________________________________________? © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 19 PAST TENSE - NEGATION & QUESTION 2 Write down the negation. 1. He came back in the night. _________________________________________________ 2. They went to the cinema. _________________________________________________ 3. He collected a lot of coins. _________________________________________________ 4. He watched TV yesterday. _________________________________________________ 5. She had breakfast yesterday. _________________________________________________ 6. They played in the park. _________________________________________________ 7. She called her grandma. _________________________________________________ 8. They met him yesterday. _________________________________________________ 9. He studied for the test. _________________________________________________ 10. They made a lot of noise. _________________________________________________ Form questions. 1. He went shopping yesterday. → and you? __________________________ shopping yesterday? 2. He drove to London yesterday. → and you? __________________________ to London yesterday? 3. They wrote a postcard. → and you? __________________________________________________________________________? 4. They stayed there for a long time. → and Paul? __________________________________________________________________________? 5. Bill got a good mark. → and Sam? __________________________________________________________________________? 6. He swam very fast → and your brother? __________________________________________________________________________? © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 20 PAST TENSE - NEGATION & QUESTION 1 1. She didn’t come to my party. 2. The weather wasn’t nice. 3. He didn’t write an email. 4. They didn’t come home late. 5. He didn’t run fast. 6. She didn’t buy a new car. 7. They weren’t angry. 8. She didn’t find her ring. 9. He wasn’t late. 10. They didn’t sing beautifully. 1. Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 2. Were you late last Monday? 3. Was Pam at home yesterday evening? 4. Did you study for the test? 5. Did you get up early? 6. Did you watch TV yesterday? PAST TENSE - NEGATION & QUESTION 2 1. He didn’t come back in the night. 2. They didn’t go to the cinema. 3. He didn’t collect a lot of coins. 4. He didn’t watch TV yesterday. 5. She didn’t have breakfast yesterday. 6. They didn’t play in the park. 7. She didn’t call her grandma. 8. They didn’t meet him yesterday. 9. He didn’t study for the test. 10. They didn’t make a lot of noise. 1. Did you go shopping yesterday? 2. Did you drive to London yesterday? 3. Did you write a postcard? 4. Did Paul stay there for a long time? 5. Did Sam get a good mark? 6. Did your brother swim very fast? © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 21 PAST TENSE – NEGATION & QUESTION 3 Write down negations (N) and questions (Q). 1. She met him at my party. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 2. It was sunny last week. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 3. He phoned me yesterday. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 4. They read a book. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 5. He did his homework. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 6. She helped me a lot. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 7. He was scared. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 8. They left in the afternoon. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 9. Bill was hungry. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 10. They ran to the church. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 11. He visited his uncle. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ 12. Pam read a book. N: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 22 PAST TENSE – QUESTIONS Use the subject and verb of the first sentence to form questions. Example: She opened the window. - Did she open the window? 1. He took a shower. _____________________________________________________________? 2. She did the homework. _________________________________________________________? 3. They visited their grandparents. __________________________________________________? 4. The girls jumped into the lake. ___________________________________________________? 5. He looked after his younger sister. ________________________________________________? 6. Sam bought new jeans. _________________________________________________________? 7. Susan finished the housework. ___________________________________________________? 8. We listened to our favourite CD. _________________________________________________? 9. They played tennis last Saturday. _________________________________________________? 10. She made breakfast yesterday. ___________________________________________________? 11. They were at school. ___________________________________________________________? 12. She passed the exam. __________________________________________________________? 13. He was happy. ________________________________________________________________? 14. The boys worked hard. _________________________________________________________? 15. She got up early. ______________________________________________________________? 16. Sam bought a CD. _____________________________________________________________? 17. We played chess last Saturday. ___________________________________________________? 18. She went to the market yesterday. ________________________________________________? 19. My friends watched this movie last week. __________________________________________? 20. They collected postcards. _______________________________________________________? © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 23 PAST TENSE – NEGATION & QUESTION 3 Write down negations (N) and questions (Q). 1. N: She didn’t meet him at my party. Q: Did she meet him at my party? 2. N: It wasn’t sunny last week. Q: Was it sunny last week? 3. N: He didn’t phone me yesterday. Q: Did he phone me yesterday? 4. N: They didn’t read a book. Q: Did they read a book? 5. N: He didn’t do his homework. Q: Did he do his homework? 6. N: She didn’t help me a lot. Q: Did she help me a lot? 7. N: He wasn’t (was not) scared. Q: Was he scared? 8. N: They didn’t leave in the afternoon. Q: Did they leave in the afternoon? 9. N: They weren’t (were not) hungry. Q: Were they hungry? 10. N: They didn’t run to the church. Q: Did they run to the church? 11. N: He didn’t visit his uncle. Q: Did he visit his uncle? 12. N: Pam didn’t read a book. Q: Did Pam read a book? PAST TENSE – QUESTIONS Use the subject and verb of the first sentence to form questions. Example: She opened the window. - Did she open the window? 1. He took a shower. Did he take a shower? 2. She did the homework. Did she do the homework? 3. They visited their grandparents. Did they visit their grandparents? 4. The girls jumped into the lake. Did the girls jump into the lake? 5. He looked after his younger sister. Did he look after his younger sister? 6. Sam bought new jeans. Did Sam buy new jeans? 7. Susan finished the housework. Did Susan finish the housework? 8. We listened to our favourite CD. Did you listen to your favourite CD? 9. They played tennis last Saturday. Did they play tennis last Saturday? 10. She made breakfast yesterday. Did she make breakfast yesterday? 11. They were at school. Were they at school? 12. She passed the exam. Did she pass the exam? 13. He was happy. Was he happy? 14. The boys worked hard. Did the boys work hard? 15. She got up early. Did she get up early? 16. Sam bought a CD. Did Sam buy a CD? 17. We played chess last Saturday. Did you play last Saturday? 18. She went to the market yesterday. Did she go to the market yesterday? 19. My friends watched this movie last week. Did your friends watch this movie last week? 20. They collected postcards. Did they collect postcards? © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 24 THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE How to form: will + infinitive Short form: will = 'll Negation: will not = won't Key words: tomorrow, next week (month, year, summer, Monday, weekend...), in 2050... Examples: I think I will meet her tomorrow. I hope he will be back before 9.30. I think I'll be there at five. I’m sure she won’t come to our meeting. How to use the going to future: 1. It is used to talk about future actions we can't influence or control. 2. It is used to foretell future actions or to express hopes, expectations, fears, offers, promises and refusals. Key words: I’m sure, I believe, I expect, I hope, I suppose, I think, I'm afraid, I wonder, I fear, I worry, I promise, I guess or perhaps, possibly, surely, probably, maybe 3. It is used with I / we for spontaneous reactions or making promises. THE “GOING TO” FUTURE How to form: form of to be + going to + infinitive Examples: I am going to play football with my friends. He is going to finish his homework in the evening. She is going to travel to New Zealand. We are going to meet our friends in the park. They are going to give a party next Saturday. How to use the going to future: 1. It is used to talk about future things you intend to do, plan or decided to do. Example: Did you know that Sarah is in hospital? Yes, I’m going to visit her next month. (planned action »»» going to - future) 2. It is used to foretell future actions for which we have proofs that they are going to happen. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 25 THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 1 Fill in the will-future of the words in the box. have – go – meet – visit – walk – have – buy – not be – have – be Tomorrow _____________________ a great day. In the morning I _____________________ my friend George. We ______________________ around and we ______________________ a look at the shops. Maybe I ______________________ new jeans. Then we ______________________ George’s uncle and play football in his garden. In the afternoon we _____________________ to the movies and then we _____________________ dinner at the new fast – food place. We _____________________ back before ten o’clock. I think we ____________________ a great day. When I’m older I will..... 1. stay out late – When I’m older, I will stay out late. 2. watch TV as long as I like – When I’m older, 3. go to parties – When 4. have two children - 5. buy a car - 6. go to the cinema - 7. buy a lot of sweets - When I’m older I won’t.... 1. do any homework – When I’m older, I won’t do any homework. 2. make my bed in the morning - 3. go for a walk with my parents - 4. wash my father’s car - 5. go to school - 6. write so much - 7. live in my parent’s house - © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 26 THE “GOING TO” FUTURE 1 Fill in the “going to” future tense. Use the verbs in brackets. 1. I _________________________________ him tomorrow. (meet) 2. They _________________________________ to Dublin. (drive) 3. He _________________________________ to the football match. (go) 4. They promised that it _________________________________ tomorrow. (not rain) 5. She _________________________________ her aunt. (visit) 6. We _________________________________ a test. (write) 7. They _________________________________ them tea. (offer) 8. We have decided that we _________________________________ dinner at a restaurant. (not have) 9. My friends _________________________________ their holidays in Wales. (spend) 10. My uncle _________________________________ a birthday present for Harry. (buy) 11. I _________________________________ the rabbits. (feed) 12. I studied a lot for the exam. I _________________________________. (not fail) 13. My father _________________________________ his car. (wash) 14. Tom _________________________________ you with the homework. (help) 15. There _________________________________ a meeting at our school. (be) 16. He _________________________________ us in English next year. (not teach) 17. Winter holidays _________________________________ in the first week of February. (be) 18. I _________________________________ it for you. (repair) 19. They _________________________________ Japanese. (study) 20. Eva told me that she _________________________________ him anymore. (not date) © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 27 THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 1 Tomorrow I will meet my friend George. We will go to the movies and then we will have our dinner at the new fast – food place. In the afternoon we will visit George’s uncle and play table tennis in his garden. Then we will walk around in the shopping mall where we will have a look at the shops. Maybe I will buy new jeans. We will not be (won’t be) back before 6 o’clock. I think we will have a great day. 1. stay out late – When I’m older, I will stay out late. 2. When I’m older, I will watch TV as long as I like. 3. When I’m older, I will go to parties. 4. When I’m older, I will have two children. 5. When I’m older, I will buy a car. 6. When I’m older, I will go to the cinema. 7. When I’m older, I will buy a lot of sweets. When I’m older I won’t.... 1. do any homework – When I’m older, I won’t do any homework. 2. When I’m older, I won’t make my bed in the morning. 3. When I’m older, I won’t go for a walk with my parents. 4. When I’m older, I won’t wash my father’s car. 5. When I’m older, I won’t go to school. 6. When I’m older, I won’t write so much. 7. When I’m older, I won’t live in my parent’s house. THE “GOING TO” FUTURE 1 1. I am going to meet him tomorrow. 2. They are going to drive to Dublin. 3. He is going to go to the football match. 4. They promised that it isn’t going to rain tomorrow. 5. She is going to visit her aunt. 6. We are going to write a test. 7. They are going to offer them tea. 8. We have decided that we aren’t going to have dinner at a restaurant tomorrow. 9. My friends are going to spend their holidays in Wales. 10. My uncle is going to buy a birthday present for Harry. 11. I am going to feed the rabbits. 12. I studied a lot for the exam. I am not going to fail. 13. My father is going to wash his car. 14. Tom is going to help you with the homework. 15. There is going to be a meeting at our school. 16. He isn’t going to teach us in English next year. 17. Winter holidays are going to be in the first week of February. 18. I am going to repair it for you. 19. They are going to study Japanese. 20. Eva told me that she isn’t going to date him anymore. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 28 SIMPLE FUTURE OR “GOING TO” FUTURE 1 Fill in the correct future tense – simple future tense or “going to” future. 1. The weather report said that it _________________________________ sunny tomorrow. (be) 2. They are hungry. I _________________________ some milk and cornflakes for breakfast. (get) 3. We __________________________ some money to his charity organization. (probably donate) 4. It's a beautiful day today. I think I ______________________________ to the beach today. (go) 5. I feel very tired. I _________________________________ to bed early. (possibly go) 6. I'm not sure if he _________________________________ enough money to buy a new car next year. (have) 7. Tom, _________________________________ with us next Saturday? (you hike) 8. I think Susan _________________________________ in love with Mike. (fall) 9. John _________________________________ to his new CD all evening. (listen) 10. It's late. I hope we _________________________________ the bus. (not miss) 11. I think the police _________________________________ the burglars. (arrest) 12. _________________________________ the new words this time, Peter? (you study) 13. Jane and Sue _________________________________ a present for mum's birthday. (buy) 14. I expect that you _________________________________ me with the dishes, Julie. (help) 15. Next summer we _____________________________ at a campsite near a lake. (probably stay) 16. We _________________________________ to Scotland this summer. (go) 17. I promise, I _________________________________ you tomorrow. (phone) 18. Maybe he _________________________________ any time next weekend. (not have) 19. She _________________________________ a baby next April. (have) 20. I hope the train _________________________________ delayed. (not be) © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 29 SIMPLE FUTURE OR “GOING TO” FUTURE 2 Fill in the correct future tense – simple future tense or “going to” future. 1. I guess they _________________________________ the exam. (pass) 2. The sky is cloudy and grey. It _________________________________ (rain) 3. When the weather is fine, we _________________________________ a picnic in our garden. (probably have) 4. _________________________________ him for help? (you ask) 5. Susan _________________________________ the bathroom next weekend. (paint) 6. I’m sure he _________________________________ her name. (find out) 7. I _________________________________ a walk in the garden this evening. (take) 8. Let's hope that the wind _________________________________ away the clouds. (blow) 9. Mary _________________________________ a good mark because she has studied hard. (get) 10. Are you sure, you _________________________________ in a tent in your holidays? (sleep) 11. Peter _________________________________ his new bike in the park. (ride) 12. I think Jane _________________________________ me to her party. (invite) 13. I _________________________________ dad's car tomorrow afternoon. (wash) 14. Mum thinks dad _________________________________ home early tonight. (come) 15. It _________________________________ very cold in the mountains. Take a sweater with you. (probably be) 16. We ________________________________ our bikes in the park. Can you come with us? (ride) 17. It's my birthday next Friday. Mum _________________________________ a cake. (bake) 18. I offered him this job. I think he _________________________________ it. (take) 19. They _________________________________ cards this evening. (play) 20. You don’t need an umbrella. It _________________________________. (not rain) © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 30 SIMPLE FUTURE OR “GOING TO” FUTURE 1 1. The weather report said that it is going to be sunny tomorrow. 2. They are hungry. I will get some milk and cornflakes for breakfast. 3. We will probably donate some money to his charity organization. 4. It's a beautiful day today. I think I will go to the beach today. 5. I feel very tired. I will possibly go to bed early. 6. I'm not sure if he will have enough money to buy a new car next year. 7. Tom, will you hike with us next Saturday? 8. I think Susan will fall in love with Mike. 9. John is going to listen to his new CD all evening. 10. It's late. I hope we will not miss the bus. 11. I think the police will arrest the burglars. 12. Are you going to study the new words this time, Peter? 13. Jane and Sue are going to buy a present for mum's birthday. 14. I expect that you will help me with the dishes, Julie. 15. Next summer we will probably stay at a campsite near a lake. 16. We are going to go to Scotland this summer. 17. I promise, I will phone you tomorrow. 18. Maybe he will not have any time next weekend. 19. She is going to have a baby next April. 20. I hope the train will not be delayed. SIMPLE FUTURE OR “GOING TO” FUTURE 2 1. I guess they will pass the exam. 2. The sky is cloudy and grey. It is going to rain. 3. When the weather is fine, we will probably have a picnic in our garden. 4. Are you going to ask him for help? 5. Susan is going to paint the bathroom next weekend. 6. I’m sure he will find out her name. 7. I am going to take a walk in the garden this evening. 8. Let's hope that the wind will blow away the clouds. 9. Mary is going to get a good mark because she has studied hard. 10. Are you sure, you will sleep in a tent in your holidays? 11. Peter is going to ride his new bike in the park. 12. I think Jane will invite me to her party. 13. I am going to wash dad's car tomorrow afternoon. 14. Mum thinks dad will come home early tonight. 15. It will probably be very cold in the mountains. Take a sweater with you. 16. We are going to ride our bikes in the park. Can you come with us? 17. It's my birthday next Friday. Mum is going to bake a cake. 18. I offered him this job. I think he will take it. 19. They are going to play cards this evening. 20. You don’t need an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 31 THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES Monosyllabic adjectives are compared with -er, -est. positive comparative superlative strong stronger strongest small smaller smallest late later latest nice nicer nicest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest fat fatter fattest Disyllabic adjectives ending with y, er, ow, le are compared with -er, -est. positive comparative superlative easy easier easiest happy happier happiest clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest All the other adjectives are compared with more, most. positive comparative superlative careful more careful most careful expensive more expensive most expensive difficult more difficult most difficult tired more tired most tired terrible more terrible most terrible Examples: Paris is bigger than Vienna. London is the biggest city. Which dress is more expensive? Which dress is the most expensive? This exercise is easier than the first one. What is the easiest exercise? © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 32 Disyllabic adjectives which can be compared with -er, -est or more, most. positive comparative superlative clever cleverer / more clever cleverest / most clever common commoner / more common commonest / most common likely likelier / more likely likeliest / most likely pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant polite politer / more polite politest / most polite quiet quieter / more quiet quietest / most quiet simple simpler / more simple simplest / most simple stupid stupider / more stupid stupidest / most stupid subtle subtler / more subtle subtlest / most subtle sure surer / more sure surest / most sure Irregular forms positive comparative superlative good better best bad worse worst much more most many more most little less least (not) as... as – telling that someone / something is the same. Ann is as tall as Mary. I think tomorrow it will be as hot as today. This test was not as difficult as the last one. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 33 THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 1 Fill in the missing forms. positive comparative superlative bad regular exciting happy wonderful narrow clever friendly beautiful clear few empty good famous little popular strong © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 34 THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 1 Fill in the missing forms. positive comparative superlative bad worse worst regular more regular most regular exciting more exciting most exciting happy happier happiest wonderful more wonderful most wonderful narrow narrower narrowest clever more clever / cleverer most clever / cleverest friendly friendlier friendliest beautiful more beautiful most beautiful clear clearer clearest few fewer fewest empty emptier emptiest good better best famous more famous most famous little less least popular more popular most popular strong stronger strongest © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 35 THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 2 Fill in the missing comparative forms of the adjectives in brackets. 1. Sue’s car isn’t very big. She wants a _________________________ car. (big) 2. This house isn’t very modern. I like _________________________ houses. (modern) 3. You’re not very tall. Your brother is _________________________. (tall) 4. Bill doesn’t work very hard. I work _________________________. (hard) 5. My chair isn’t very comfortable. Your chair is _________________________. (comfortable) 6. Jill’s idea wasn’t very good. My idea was _________________________. (good) 7. These flowers aren’t very nice. The blue ones are _________________________. (nice) 8. My case isn’t very heavy. Your case is _________________________. (heavy) 9. I’m not very interested in sports. I’m _________________________ in reading. (interested) 10. It isn’t very warm today. Yesterday it was _________________________. (warm) 11. These tomatoes aren’t very good. The other ones taste _________________________. (good) 12. Ireland isn’t very big. France is _________________________. (big) 13. Liverpool isn’t very beautiful. London is _________________________. (beautiful) 14. This knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a _________________________ one? (sharp) 15. People today aren’t very polite. In the past they were _________________________. (polite) 16. Dad's car is much _________________________ (fast) than mine. 17. I think scuba diving is _________________________ (fascinating) than climbing. 18. His thirst grew _________________________ (big) and _________________________ (big). 19. He thinks this test was _________________________ (difficult) than the last one. 20. This suitcase is _________________________ (heavy) than the others. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 36 THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 3 Fill in the missing superlative forms of the adjectives in brackets. 1. The moon is the _________________________ planet to earth. (close) 2. Jupiter is the _________________________ planet in our solar system. (large) 3. Sirius is the _________________________ star we can see from earth. (brilliant) 4. Venus is the _________________________ planet in our solar system. (hot) 5. Ceres is the _________________________ asteroid in our solar system. (big) 6. The Energya is the _________________________ rocket. (powerful) 7. Karl Henize was the _________________________ man in space. He was 58 years old. (old) 8. Saturn is the _________________________ planet. (beautiful) 9. Venus is the _________________________ planet in our solar system. (bright) 10. The Apollo project was the _________________________ space programme. (expensive) 11. Mercury is the _________________________ planet in our solar system. (small) 12. Romenko is the _________________________ man in space. He spent over 420 days in space. (experienced) 13. Pluto is the _________________________ planet in our solar system. (cold) 14. Venus is the second _________________________ object in the solar system. (bright) 15. Jupiter has the _________________________ day of all planets. (short) 16. Uranus hits the _________________________ temperatures of any planet. (cold) 17. Mercury is the _________________________ planet in the solar system. (cratered) 18. Saturn has the _________________________ rings in the solar system. (extensive) 19. The _________________________ Uranian moon is Miranda. It has ice canyons and terraces. (interesting) 20. With winds up to 1500 mph, Neptune has the _________________________ winds recorded in the solar system. (strong) © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 37 THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 2 Sue’s car isn’t very big. She wants a bigger car. This house isn’t very modern. I like more modern houses. You’re not very tall. Your brother is taller. Bill doesn’t work very hard. I work harder. My chair isn’t very comfortable. Your chair is more comfortable. Jill’s idea wasn’t very good. My idea was better. These flowers aren’t very nice. The blue ones are nicer. My case isn’t very heavy. Your case is heavier. I’m not very interested in sports. I’m more interested in reading. It isn’t very warm today. Yesterday it was warmer. These tomatoes aren’t very good. The other ones taste better. Ireland isn’t very big. France is bigger. Liverpool isn’t very beautiful. London is more beautiful. This knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a sharper one? People today aren’t very polite. In the past they were more polite. Dad's car is much faster than mine. I think scuba diving is more fascinating than climbing. His thirst grew bigger and bigger. He thinks this test was more difficult than the last one. This suitcase is heavier than the others. THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 3 1. The moon is the closest planet to earth. 2. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. 3. Sirius is the most brilliant star we can see from earth. 4. Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system. 5. Ceres is the biggest asteroid in our solar system. 6. The Energya is the most powerful rocket. 7. Karl Henize was the oldest man in space. He was 58 years old. 8. Saturn is the most beautiful planet. 9. Venus is the brightest planet in our solar system. 10. The Apollo project was the most expensive space programme. 11. Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system. 12. Romenko is the most experienced man in space. He spent over 420 days in space. 13. Pluto is the coldest planet in our solar system. 14. Venus is the second brightest object in the solar system. 15. Jupiter has the shortest day of all planets. 16. Uranus hits the coldest temperatures of any planet. 17. Mercury is the most cratered planet in the solar system. 18. Saturn has the most extensive rings in the solar system. 19. The most interesting Uranian moon is Miranda. It has ice canyons and terraces. 20. With winds up to 1500 mph, Neptune has the strongest winds recorded in the solar system. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 38 THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 4 Fill in the missing forms of the adjectives in brackets – positive, comparative or superlative. 1. A cheetah is _________________________ than a horse. (fast) 2. Susan’s hair is _________________________ than Betty’s. (short) 3. The Mt Everest is the _________________________ mountain. (high) 4. June is _________________________ than May, but July is the ___________________. (hot) 5. Table tennis is _________________________ than tennis. (easy) 6. Chinese is one of the _________________________ languages. (difficult) 7. "Air Force One" is the _________________________ film I have ever seen. (interesting) 8. No, I don’t think so. "Contact" is _____________________ than "Air Force One". (interesting) 9. Hot dogs are _________________________ than hamburgers. (good) 10. This is the _________________________ chocolate cake I have ever eaten. (good) 11. Skiing is as _________________________ as riding a bike. (easy) 12. Carol sings as _________________________ as Mary. (beautiful) 13. Tennis is _________________________ than skiing, but football is the _________________________ sport. (popular) 14. Detective films are as _________________________ as western films. (boring) 15. No, I don’t think so! Romantic films are _________________________ than western films, but nature films are the _________________________ films. (boring) 16. The United States are _________________________ than Mexico, but Russia is the _________________________ country. (large) 17. A rat is _________________________ than a mouse. (clever) 18. A canary is _________________________ than an eagle. (colourful) 19. Peter is as _________________________ as George. (smart) 20. January is usually as _________________________ as February. (cold) © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 39 THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 4 1. A cheetah is faster than a horse. 2. Susan’s hair is shorter than Betty’s. 3. The Mt Blanc is higher than the Großglockner, the Mt Everest is the highest mountain. 4. June is hotter than May, but July is the hottest. 5. Table tennis is easier than tennis. 6. Chinese is one of the most difficult language. 7. "Air Force One" is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 8. No, I don’t think so. "Contact" is more interesting than "Air Force One". 9. Hot dogs are better than hamburgers. 10. This is the best chocolate cake I have ever eaten. 11. Skiing is as easy as riding a bike. 12. Carol sings as beautiful as Mary, but Cindy sings the most beautiful. 13. Tennis is more popular than skiing, but football is the most popular sport. 14. Detective films are as boring as western films. 15. No, I don’t think so! Romantic films are more boring than western films, but nature films are the most boring films. 16. The United States are larger than Mexico, but Russia is the largest country. 17. A mouse is as clever as a hamster, but a rat is cleverer/more clever than a mouse. 18. A canary is more colourful than an eagle, but a parrot is the most colourful bird. 19. Peter is as smart as George. 20. January is usually as cold as February. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 40 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 1) AT We use at for a point: at the window - at the entrance - at the door - at the end of the street - at the station - at the top Example: Bill is waiting for you at the bus stop. We say that someone is at an event: at a party - at a pop concert - at a conference - at a meeting Example: Tom is at a party. We say at with buildings when we say where the event (film, concert,...) takes place: Example: Where were you yesterday? We were at the cinema. We say at someone's house: Example: We were at Bill's house last Thursday. We say at for a place which is a part of our journey: Example: We stopped at a very nice village. Note these expressions: at home - at work - at school - at university - at college - at the station - at an airport - at the seaside - at sea (on a voyage) - at reception - at the corner of a street - at the back / front of a building / cinema / group of people, etc. - arrive at with other places or events 2) ON We use on for a surface: on the wall - on the ceiling - on the floor - on a page - on a cover Example: Have you seen the notice on the notice board? We use on with small islands: Example: She spent her holiday on a small island. We say that a place is on the coast / on a river / on a road: Example: Portsmouth is on the south coast of England. Note these expressions: on a farm - on the left - on the right - on the ground floor - on the first, second,... floor - on the way - on the chair (sit) - on the radio - on television - on a horse - on the corner of a street - on the back / front of a letter / piece of paper etc. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 41 3) IN We use in for an enclosed space: in the garden - in the house - in London - in the water - in her bag - in a row - in a town Examples: There is nobody in the room. She lives in a small village. We say in when we talk about a building itself. Example: The rooms in Tom's house are small. We usually say in with towns and villages: Example: His parents live in York. Note these expressions: in the newspaper - in bed - in hospital - in prison - in the street - in the sky - in an armchair (sit) - in a photograph - in a picture - in a mirror - in the corner of a room - in the back / front of a car - arrive in a country or town 4) TO – INTO – BY We say go / come / travel / fly / walk / return / drive / have been etc. to a place or event: Examples: Last year we flew to London. We went to work at seven. We say go into / come into etc. = enter a room / building etc.: Example: He opened the door and went into the room. We say by to say how we travel: Example: We went to Paris by plane. I usually go to work by bike / by car / by underground / by bus BUT: we say on foot we cannot use by if you say my car / the train / a taxi Then use in for taxis and cars. Then use on for bike / public transport. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 42 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 1 Fill in at, on or in. 1. The headquarters of the United Nations is _________ New York. 2. In the most countries, people drive _________ the right. 3. I usually buy a newspaper _________ my way to work. 4. Last year we had a lovely skiing holiday _________ the Swiss Alps. 5. San Francisco is _________ the west coast of the United States. 6. She spends most of the day sitting _________ the window. 7. The report about the accident was _________ the front page of the newspaper. 8. In the theatre we had seats _________ the front row. 9. I saw Ken _________ Dave's wedding. 10. It's dangerous to play football _________ the streets. 11. I'll meet you at the corner of the street _________ 10. 12. We got stuck in a traffic jam _________ the way to the airport. 13. Look at the horses _________ that field. 14. _________ the end of the street is a path to our house. 15. Do you want sugar _________ your coffee? 16. The exhibition _________ the art gallery finished last Sunday. 17. She studied _________ Paris for two weeks. 18. I saw Bill this morning. He was _________ a bus which passed me. 19. Linda is a student _________ Cambridge University. 20. Turn left _________ the traffic lights. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 43 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 2 Complete with at, on or in. 1. Her brother lives _________ a small town _________ the south coast of Spain. 2. The train arrives _________ platform 3. 3. The sports results are _________ the back page of the paper. 4. They got married _________ Birmingham. 5. Vienna is _________ the river Danube. 6. His office is _________ the third floor. 7. What time did you arrive _________ the hotel? 8. Tom is sitting _________ an armchair. 9. The picture is _________ the wall. 10. We meet _________ the station at 7. 11. She was ill and stayed _________ bed. 12. Are there any good films _________ the cinema this week? 13. We went to see a play _________ the National Theatre. 14. She is still _________ hospital and recovers from her holiday. 15. We were _________ sea for ten weeks. 16. Because of delay we had to wait for three hours _________ the airport. 17. I didn't see her _________ the party. 18. Write the name and address _________ the front page of the envelope. 19. After some years he arrived back _________ Scotland. 20. The train stopped _________ every station. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 44 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 3 Fill in at, on, in, to, into or by 1. I must go _________ the bank today to change money. 2. The easiest way to go there is _________ underground. 3. He was tired and went _________ bed. 4. He has just returned _________ France. 5. She arrived _________ the airport at 6. 6. Have you ever been _________ Ireland? 7. They got _________ the car and drove off. 8. We drove _________ the party _________ Tom's car. 9. Get _________ the train. It's going to leave. 10. The man chased by the police ran _________ the shop. 11. The bird flew _________ the room through the window. 12. He has never been _________ a football match. 13. We usually go to work _________ car. 14. We drove to the cinema _________ a taxi. 15. They like to travel _________ plane. 16. Does the train stop _________ York? 17. When are you going _________ Greece? 18. I missed the bus and had to go _________ foot. 19. We decided not to go _________ car. 20. What time did you arrive _________ school? © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 45 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 4 Fill in to, at, on or in. 1. They were standing _________ the corner of the street. 2. Are the kids still _________ bed? 3. In her room there are a lot of paintings _________ the wall. 4. He always goes _________ work by bus. 5. The girls were playing _________ the streets. 6. They love skiing _________ the mountains. 7. Sam is studying Japanese _________ university. 8. We saw some dolphins swimming _________ the ocean. 9. The kids were swimming _________ the lake. 10. The sandwiches are _________ the table _________ the kitchen. 11. There were several tourist boats _________ the Thames. 12. I had to stand _________ line for half an hour. 13. There are a lot of expensive shops _________ Fifth Avenue. 14. We met _________ the station yesterday evening. 15. There were dark clouds _________ the sky. 16. They were stuck _________ a traffic jam for hours. 17. She wasn’t _________ home when I called her. 18. Come _________ my house this evening. 19. Paula was _________ the computer surfing the net. 20. He had an accident and is _________ the hospital. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 46 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 1 1. The headquarters of the United Nations is in New York. 2. In the most countries, people drive on the right. 3. I usually buy a newspaper on my way to work. 4. Last year we had a lovely skiing holiday in the Swiss Alps. 5. San Francisco is on the west coast of the United States. 6. She spends most of the day sitting at the window. 7. The report about the accident was on the front page of the newspaper. 8. In the theatre we had seats in the front row. 9. I saw Ken at Dave's wedding. 10. It's dangerous to play football in the streets. 11. I'll meet you at the corner of the street at 10. 12. We got stuck in a traffic jam on the way to the airport. 13. Look at the horses in that field. 14. At the end of the street is a path to our house. 15. Do you want sugar in your coffee? 16. The exhibition at the art gallery finished last Sunday. 17. She studied in Paris for two weeks. 18. I saw Bill this morning. He was on a bus which passed me. 19. Linda is a student at Cambridge University. 20. Turn left at the traffic lights. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 2 1. Her brother lives in a small town on the south coast of Spain. 2. The train arrives at platform 3. 3. The sports results are on the back page of the paper. 4. They got married in Birmingham. 5. Vienna is on the river Danube. 6. His office is on the third floor. 7. What time did you arrive at the hotel? 8. Tom is sitting in an armchair. 9. The picture is on the wall. 10. We meet at the station at 7. 11. She was ill and stayed in bed. 12. Are there any good films at the cinema this week? 13. We went to see a play at the National Theatre. 14. She is still in hospital and recovers from her holiday. 15. We were at sea for ten weeks. 16. Because of delay we had to wait for three hours at the airport. 17. I didn't see her at the party. 18. Write the name and address on the front page of the envelope. 19. After some years he arrived back in Scotland. 20. The train stopped at every station. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 47 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 3 1. I must go to the bank today to change money. 2. The easiest way to go there is by underground. 3. He was tired and went to bed. 4. He has just returned to France. 5. She arrived at the airport at 6. 6. Have you ever been to Ireland? 7. They got into the car and drove off. 8. We drove to the party in Tom's car. 9. Get on the train. It's going to leave. 10. The man chased by the police ran into the shop. 11. The bird flew into the room through the window. 12. He has never been to a football match. 13. We usually go to work by car. 14. We drove to the cinema in a taxi. 15. They like to travel by plane. 16. Does the train stop at York? 17. When are you going to Greece? 18. I missed the bus and had to go on foot. 19. We decided not to go by car. 20. What time did you arrive at school? PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 4 1. They were standing at the corner of the street. 2. Are the kids still in bed? 3. In her room there are a lot of paintings on the wall. 4. He always goes to work by bus. 5. The girls were playing in the streets. 6. They love skiing in the mountains. 7. Sam is studying Japanese at university. 8. We saw some dolphins swimming in the ocean. 9. The kids were swimming in the lake. 10. The sandwiches are on the table in the kitchen. 11. There were several tourist boats on the Thames. 12. I had to stand in line for half an hour. 13. There are a lot of expensive shops on Fifth Avenue. 14. We met at the station yesterday evening. 15. There were dark clouds in the sky. 16. They were stuck in a traffic jam for hours. 17. She wasn’t at home when I called her. 18. Come to my house this evening. 19. Paula was at the computer surfing the net. 20. He had an accident and is in the hospital. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 48 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME 1) AT We use at with times: at 5 o’clock - at 11.45 - at midnight - at lunchtime Example: Tom usually gets up at 7 o’clock. We use at with these expressions: at night - at Christmas - at the moment / at present - at the same time - at weekends - at the age of... 2) ON We use on with days and dates: on March 12th - on Friday(s) - on Friday morning(s) on Sunday afternoon(s) - on Saturday night(s) on Christmas Day (but at Christmas) Example: Her birthday is on a Tuesday this year. It’s on May 16th. 3) IN We use in for longer periods of time: in April - in 1986 - in winter - in the 19th century - in the 1970s - in the morning(s) / in the afternoon(s) / in the evening(s) Example: We usually go on holidays in August. In + a period of time = a time in the future. Examples: Jack will be back in a week. The train will leave in a few minutes. In + how long it takes to do something: Example: I learned to drive in four weeks. 4) DURING We use during + noun to say when something happens: during the film - during our holiday - during the night Examples: I fell asleep during the film. We met a lot of interesting people during our holiday. 5) UNTIL We use until/till to say how long a situation continues: during the film - during our holiday - during the night Examples: Let’s wait until it stops raining. I stayed in bed until half past nine. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 49 6) FROM - TO We use from - to + beginning and end of a period: Example: Last evening we watched TV from 5 to 8 o’ clock. 7) FOR We use for + a period of time: for six years - for two hours - for a week Examples: I’ve lived in this house for six years. They have been watching TV for two hours. 8) SINCE We use since + a point in time: since April - since 1992 - since 8 o’ clock Examples: It has been raining since one o’ clock. They’ve known each other since they were at school. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 50 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME 1 Fill in at, on, for, during or in. 1. The course begins ___________ January 7th and ends ___________ March 10th. 2. I went to bed ___________ midnight. 3. We arrived ___________ 5 o’ clock ____________ the morning. 4. Mozart was born in Salzburg ___________ 1756. 5. Are you doing anything special ___________ weekends? 6. Hurry up! We’ve to go ___________ five minutes. 7. I met him ___________ the evening. 8. He has lived in India ___________ two years. 9. I’ll phone you ___________ Tuesday morning ___________ about 10. 10. Tom’s grandmother died ___________ 1987 ___________ the age of 81. 11. Jack’s brother is out of work ___________ the moment. 12. The price of electricity is going up ___________ October. 13. I haven’t seen him ___________ Christmas. 14. ___________ Sunday mornings I always get up late. 15. There are usually a lot of parties ___________ New Year’s Eve. 16. I like walking around the town ___________ night. 17. Are you going to the cinema ___________ Friday night? 18. I’ve been waiting ___________ an hour. 19. Ann works hard ___________ the week, so she likes to relax ___________ weekends. 20. I’ve been invited to a wedding ___________ 14 February. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 51 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME 2 Fill in at, on, for, during, until, from-to or in. 1. I think I’ll have to work ___________ 7 o’ clock. 2. I suddenly felt ill ___________ the examination. 3. They were working in the garden ___________ 3 o’clock ___________ seven o’clock. 4. Carol got married ___________ 1994. 5. The book was easy to read. So, I read it ___________ a day. 6. They have lived there ___________ 20 years. 7. We were at the party ___________ midnight. 8. They were at school ___________ 2 o’ clock. 9. I saw Ann ___________ Tuesday. 10. I did my homework ___________ the evening. 11. She started dancing ___________ 6 and now she’s a great star. 12. He learned driving a lorry ___________ three weeks. 13. He waited ___________ they were quiet. 14. ___________ summer he always goes jogging ___________ Sundays. 15. ___________ the age of twelve he wrote his first play. 16. We have to leave ___________ five minutes. 17. I’ve been waiting for her ___________ an hour. 18. He works hard ___________ the week, so he likes to relax ___________ weekends. 19. The prize of coffee is going up ___________ April. 20. I’ll be back ___________ half an hour. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 52 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME 3 Fill in on, at or in. 1. Can you help me ___________ the afternoon? 2. It gets cold ___________ night. 3. What are you going to do ___________ Saturday? 4. It often snows ___________ December. 5. They will be back ___________ ten minutes. 6. They are leaving ___________ the afternoon ___________ four o'clock. 7. I'll be back ___________ a moment. 8. Her birthday is ___________ 7th August. 9. We were in Australia ___________ 2006. 10. Let's meet again ___________ the weekend. 11. I have to get up early ___________ the morning. 12. They play chess ___________ Tuesday evenings. 13. I'm going on holiday ___________ two weeks. 14. He's always tired ___________ the end of the week. 15. I saw them ___________ 5:30 pm. 16. I'll call her ___________ the evening. 17. I watched a thrilling movie ___________ Friday. 18. I like going to the beach ___________ summer. 19. Let's meet again ___________ two days. 20. We don't have any plans ___________ Sunday. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning 53 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME 1 1. The course begins on 7 January and ends on 10 March. 2. I went to bed at midnight. 3. We arrived at 5 o’ clock in the morning. 4. Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756. 5. Are you doing anything special at weekends? 6. Hurry up! We’ve to go in five minutes. 7. I met him in the evening. 8. He has lived in India for two years. 9. I’ll phone you on Tuesday morning at about 10. 10. Tom’s grandmother died in 1987 at the age of 81. 11. Jack’s brother is out of work at the moment. 12. The price of electricity is going up in October. 13. I haven’t seen him at Christmas. 14. On Sunday afternoons I always get up late. 15. There are usually a lot of parties on New Year’s Eve. 16. I like walking around the town at night. 17. Are you going to the cinema on Friday night? 18. I’ve been waiting for an hour. 19. Ann works hard during the week, so she likes to relax at weekends. 20. I’ve been invited to a wedding on 14 February. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME 2 1. I think I’ll have to work until 7 o’ clock. 2. I suddenly felt ill during the examination. 3. They were working in the garden from three o’clock to seven o’clock. 4. Carol got married in 1994. 5. The book was easy to read. So, I read it in a day. 6. They have lived there for 20 years. 7. We were at the party until midnight. 8. They were at school at 2 o’ clock. 9. I saw Ann on Tuesday. 10. I did my homework in the evening. 11. She started dancing at six and now she’s a great star. 12. He learned driving a lorry in three weeks. 13. He waited until they were quiet. 14. In summer he always goes jogging on Sundays. 15. At the age of twelve he wrote his first play. 16. We have to leave in five minutes. 17. I’ve been waiting for her for an hour. 18. He works hard during the week, so he likes to relax at weekends. 19. The prize of coffee is going up in April. 20. I’ll be back in half an hour. © 2018 by Herwig Rothländer – www.english-4u.de I free to copy for classroom or personal use ENGLISH4U – English Language Learning