Arabic Tutor Volume 1 PDF
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2007
Moulānā Àbdus Sattār Khān
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This book is a translation of a popular Arabic tutor, focusing on Arabic grammar lessons. It covers various aspects of the language, including words and types of words, particles, compounds, gender, pluralization, and sentences. It contains lessons, vocabulary and exercises, suitable for intermediate to advanced learners.
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Volume One A Translation of popularly known as Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic...
Volume One A Translation of popularly known as Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Copyright © 2004 Madrasah In’āmiyyah All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Madrasah In’āmiyyah, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Typeset on Palatino 13 and Traditional Arabic 18 by Academy for Islamic Research, Madrasah In’āmiyyah, Camperdown, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Page 2 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Title Arabic Tutor - Volume One Author Moulānā Àbdus Sattār Khān ( ) Translated by Moulānā Ebrāhīm Muhammad First Edition R Awwal 1428 A.H. April 2007 Published by Madrasah In’aamiyyah P.O. Box 39 Camperdown 3720 South Africa Tel +27 31 785 1519 Fax +27 31 785 1091 email [email protected] Page 3 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One !" # # $% & ' () *%+ ,-./0 120 3 4/5 !6)- "0 78 9: 2) ;0 Àbdullāh Ibn Àbbās narrates that Rasūlullāh said, “Love the Arabs for three things: because I am an Arab, the Qur’ān is in Arabic and the language of the people of Jannah is Arabic.” Page 4 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Contents of Each Volume Volume One: Lesson 1 to Lesson 15 Volume Two: Lesson 16 to Lesson 25 Volume Three: Lesson 26 to Lesson 43 Volume Four: Lesson 44 to Lesson 75 Page 5 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Contents Transliteration........................................................................10 Introduction............................................................................13 Reviews of this Book.............................................................17 Indications..............................................................................25 Notes........................................................................................25 Request....................................................................................26 Translator's Note...................................................................26 Terminology...........................................................................28 Terminology...........................................................................28 Lesson 1.......................................................................................31 Words and the Types of Words...........................................31 The Types of Nouns..........................................................32 The Types of Definite Nouns...........................................33 Lesson 2.......................................................................................35 The Particles of (?%).......................................35 Vocabulary List No. 1.......................................................38 Exercise No. 1.....................................................................40 Test No. 1............................................................................42 Lesson 3.......................................................................................44 Compounds............................................................................44 The Adjectival Phrase.......................................................45 Vocabulary List No. 2.......................................................47 Exercise No. 2.....................................................................49 Page 6 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Lesson 4.......................................................................................50 Gender.....................................................................................50 Vocabulary List No. 3.......................................................52 Exercise No. 3.....................................................................53 Lesson 5.......................................................................................55 Singular and Plural...............................................................55 Vocabulary List No. 4.......................................................59 Exercise No. 4.....................................................................61 Test No. 2............................................................................62 Lesson 6.......................................................................................64 Sentences with a Noun -*@A *$+....................................64 Vocabulary List No. 5.......................................................69 The Nominative Detached Pronouns.............................71 Exercise No. 5.....................................................................73 Lesson 7.......................................................................................77 The Genitive of Possession...................................................77 Vocabulary List No. 6.......................................................80 Exercise No. 6.....................................................................84 Test No. 3............................................................................86 Lesson 8.......................................................................................88 The Scales of Words..............................................................88 Exercise No. 7.....................................................................93 Lesson 9.......................................................................................94 The Broken Plural..................................................................94 Vocabulary List No. 7.....................................................101 Exercise No. 8...................................................................103 Page 7 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Test No. 4..........................................................................106 Lesson 10...................................................................................108 The Cases of Nouns.............................................................108 The Signs of Declension of Different Nouns...............109 Vocabulary List No. 8.....................................................118 Exercise No. 9...................................................................119 Lesson 11...................................................................................123 The Genitive of Possession.................................................123 Vocabulary List No. 9.....................................................133 Exercise No. 10.................................................................135 Test No. 5..........................................................................140 Lesson 12...................................................................................142 Indicative Pronouns............................................................142 Vocabulary List No. 10...................................................147 Exercise No. 11.................................................................148 Test No. 6..........................................................................151 Lesson 13...................................................................................152 Interrogative Pronouns.......................................................152 Vocabulary List No. 11...................................................156 Exercise No. 12.................................................................157 Test No. 7..........................................................................164 Lesson 14...................................................................................166 The Verb................................................................................166 Vocabulary List No. 12...................................................173 Exercise No. 13.................................................................176 Lesson 15...................................................................................181 The Imperfect.......................................................................181 Page 8 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Vocabulary List No. 13...................................................189 Exercise No. 14.................................................................191 An Arabic Letter..............................................................195 Test No. 8..........................................................................196 Page 9 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Transliteration The following method of transliteration of the Arabic letters has been used in this book: ā b B t 4 th C j D h E kh d F dh r G z ( s H sh I s Page 10 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One J d K t L z N M á N O í N P ú Q gh R f S q T k l. m n 0 ū ; h U ī, y Page 11 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Some Arabic phrases used in this book are as follows: (Sallallāhu ‘alaihi wasallam) May Allâh send blessings and salutations upon him - used for Nabî (Àlaihis salām) Salutations upon him – used for all prophets (Radiallāhu ‘anhu) May Allâh be pleased with him – used for the Sahâbah (Jalla Jalāluhū) The Sublime – used for Allâh (Àzza wa jall) Allāh is full of glory and sublimity ( ) (Rahimahullāh) May Allâh have mercy on him – used for deceased saints and scholars Page 12 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One VW =X ;) ./"0 V0 Y$Z Introduction From the multitudes of letters which this humble writer has received from every corner of India, there still seems to be a fervent desire in this age to learn Arabic and to understand the final message of Allāh , namely the Qur’ān. However, no primary syllabus that conformed to the times was presented to the seekers of Arabic – such a syllabus that could increase the enthusiasm of the learners. The ancient method of teaching Arabic and its syllabus from the very outset made one lose courage. Even the modern books have been deficient in creating an urge in the student. Experience shows that only a syllabus which has easy rules coupled with teaching the language can increase the enthusiasm of the student. The rules must assist the learner in mastering the language. While learning the language, the rules are refreshed. Page 13 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One In reality, choosing such lessons and providing a sequence for them is no ordinary task. This is merely the grace of the Almighty Allāh who made this writer accomplish such an enormous task. ^_= `= [\ ]F “That is the grace of Allāh. He grants it to whoever He desires.” All thanks are due to Allāh that this book was found to be extremely beneficial wherever it was read or taught. Many seekers of Arabic have written that they had lost hope after several attempts. If they had not obtained this book, they would not have learnt Arabic. This is the fourth edition of this book. Initially, this book was written in two parts. Now it has been divided into four parts so that it can serve as a proper syllabus for high schools from the fourth class till matric. This is the first part of the book. The lessons have been decreased when compared to the previous editions. However, the exercises have been increased to an extent that they can serve the place of an Arabic reader. Page 14 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One This part contains only fifteen lessons. But you will be surprised to note how much Arabic is taught with such a few lessons. The method of analysing sentences and recognition has been so well explained, that one cannot achieve this by learning several other prevalent Arabic Grammar books. The key to each part has also been published. Due to this, many learners have learnt Arabic on their own. A student doing self-study can complete this part in about six weeks. However, due to the presence of several other subjects in high schools, it will be appropriate to make it a one year course in the fourth class. In Arabic seminaries and Dārul Úlūms, where only Arabic is taught, all four parts of this book can be easily taught in one year. Nevertheless, this book is such that every text book committee and those in charge of the syllabi in the madrasahs should include it in their syllabus in order to remove the difficulties of the students. They will be rewarded by Allāh and thanked by the people. The summary of the opinions of the Ulamā of every province of India and the reviews of magazines and newspapers is that this has been the most successful attempt to simplify Arabic. This book is worth being Page 15 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One introduced in government and non-govermental schools so that the teaching of Arabic can be simplified. This humble servant is grateful to all those who rendered beneficial opinions. May Allāh reward them with the best of rewards. The following pages contain the valuable opinions of some scholars. This should serve as a means of encouraging the seekers of Arabic. Others will not have to waste their time in looking for the merits of this book. The servant of the students (Moulānā) Àbdus Sattār Khān ( ) Bindi Bazaar, Bombay, India Muharram 1361 A.H. Page 16 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Reviews of this Book by the Úlamā, professors of Arabic, authentic journals and the lovers of Arabic Àllāmah Shabbir Ahmad Úthmānī ( ) This book is worth including in the syllabi of the madāris. It is perhaps the best book written in this subject. The author has done a tremendous favour to the seekers of Arabic. Moulānā Manāzir Ahsan Gilānī ( ), teacher at Jāmiah Uthmāniah, Hyderabad May Allāh reward you. This is a tremendous task. You have favoured the Muslims greatly. You have decreased a burden from my shoulders. Moulānā Khājah Àbdul Hayy ( ), professor at Jāmi’ah Millīyah, Delhi I taught the first part to the students as an experiment. I have found this book to be the easiest from all the books written on this subject. Abul A’lā Maududi, editor of Tarjumanul Qur’ān, Lahore Page 17 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One This is the most successful effort at explaining the language of Arabic and its rules. Moulānā Muhammad Nāzim Nadwī ( ), teacher at Nadwatul Ulamā, Lucknow Many books have been written in India to learn the Arabic language in the shortest period possible. However, I have not seen any book till now that concisely meets the needs of the time. Moulānā Àbdus Sattār Khān is entitled to the gratitude and thanks of the Indian students and teachers for having written a very beneficial, easy and concise textbook to fulfil this need… From my personal experience I know that this book is very valuable in providing benefit. It is worthy of being included in Arabic madrasahs and English schools so that the students can learn the language in a short period. Page 18 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Moulānā Àbdul Qadīr Siddīqī ( ), teacher at Jāmi’ah Uthmāniah, Hyderabad If this book is included in the syllabus, it will be very suitable. It is better than other books. Moulānā Àbdul Wāsi’ ( ), teacher at Jāmi’ah Uthmāniah, Hyderabad I completely agree with the opinion of Moulānā Àbdul Qadīr Sāhib. Àllāmah Sheikh Àbdul Qādir ( ), professor at Elphinstone College, Bombay This is a successful endeavour. If this book is included in the initial Arabic syllabus, it would be more beneficial than other books. Moulānā Ghulām Ahmad ( ), head teacher at Madrasah Àrabīyah, Jāmi’ Musjid Bombay Page 19 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One We have included this textbook in the syllabus of our madrasah. Experience shows that it is very beneficial. Moulānā Habībur Rahmān Sherwānī ( ), Hyderabad I have studied the book, ‘Àrabī kā Mu’allim’. It seems to be better than the previous books. Moulānā Lutfur Rahmān ( ), Hyderabad The success you have achieved in simplifying Arabic has not been achieved by anyone, not even by the European Orientalists. This book is not merely ‘dry’ Grammar but is an excellent textbook of Grammar and an interesting collection of literature. Janāb Ghulām Àlī, advocate of the High Court, Bombay Such an interesting and easy book of Arabic Grammar has not been seen before. My children study it with great interest. Page 20 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Moulānā Sayyid Muhammad Yahyāpūr ( ), Ilāhabād There is no doubt that the author will long be remembered for this book and in the hereafter it will be a means of great reward for him. Moulānā Muhammad Sa’īd ( ), Sultānpūr The books of Punjab and U.P. and the book ‘Kalāme Àrabī’ of Meerut are non-entities in front of your book. Moulānā Muhammad Siddīq Kīrānwī ( ) This humble servant has several books of this type e.g. Raudatul Adab, Kalāme Àrabī etc. However, the excellent manner in which you have presented the summary from Mīzān till Kāfiyah cannot be found in the above-mentioned books. Moulānā Sa’īduddīn Khān ( ), Indor Indeed Arabic has been simplified. Your effort is worth congratulating. Page 21 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Zamīndār, a newspaper of Lahore Without exaggeration, we can say that the learned author has achieved extraordinary success. In our opinion this book is worth including in the syllabi of all government and non-government schools where Arabic is taught. We specifically request the Punjab Text Book Committee to grant the students the opportunity to benefit from it. Al-Jam’īat, a newspaper of Delhi “Arabī Kā Mu’allim” in reality conveys the meaning of its name – that is, it is an Arabic tutor. My desire is that the principals of Arabic institutes include it in their syllabi. The Journal “Adabī Dunyā” of Delhī Many books have been written till now in the modern trend in order to simplify Arabic. I have seen practically all of them. However, the manner in which Moulanā Àbdus Sattār Khān has simplified a complex language such as Arabic cannot be found anywhere. Page 22 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One The newspaper “Zamzam” of Lahore The manner of teaching and understanding adopted in this book does not create any burden on the mind. Every fact is thoroughly learnt like a known fact. In our opinion there is no better series to promote Arabic. The Journal “Balāgh” of Amritsar Moulanā Àbdus Sattār Khān is entitled to congratulations for having converted this stone (Arabic Grammar) into water. He has explained all the rules from Mīzān till Kāfiyah in an easy-to-understand manner. Ilāhī Bakhsh, Malaya I have ordered many books of Arabic Grammar and Morphology written in Urdu and English and have spent much money on them. But by Allāh, these books have no value in front of your book. I do not have sufficient powerful words to describe the assistance I have received from your book in learning Arabic. Even now, if a Muslim finds Arabic to be difficult, he is unfortunate and lacks courage. Page 23 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Janāb Muhammad Hanīf, Upper Primary School, Hazārībāgh I had a desire to study Arabic for a long time. I used many books but it was futile. When I studied your book, I mastered Arabic in a very short while. The surprising thing was that I received no assistance from any teacher. Your book in reality is a mirror of the Arabic language. Muhammad Sharafud-dīn, Hyderabad I thought that Arabic was so difficult that I could not even imagine learning it. However, as soon as I saw your book, my courage increased and I began studying it. I completed the first part in a few days. Now send me the second part. I do not think there is any book easier than this one. Dr. Muhammad Àbdul Quddūs, Madras I read the first part of your book. It helped me tremendously to the extent that now I am able to write a few sentences in Arabic. Undoubtedly your book will create a great revolution. Page 24 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One This amount of recommendation is sufficient for the one who understands; otherwise so many reviews were received that a separate book could be compiled for this purpose. Indications 1) The inverted comma (a) is used to indicate the plural of a noun. 2) In order to refer to a particular lesson, the lesson number and fact number will be mentioned in brackets thus: (5-2) meaning lesson number 5, fact no. 2. 3) The ( ) of the verb is mentioned in brackets after it. Notes 1) Do not start a new lesson until you have mastered the previous one. 2) Translate each exercise with particular care. 3) Sometimes you may not understand a point. Remain steadfast and seek the assistance of someone. Perhaps later on you will understand the point yourself. Page 25 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Request A request is made to the teachers to study the book thoroughly before teaching it. During your teaching stint, you will be able to refer your students to previous lessons easily. There is no need to memorize the rules parrot- fashion. As you continuously repeat the examples, the rules will become ingrained in your mind. You will also learn the Arabic terms at the same time. It is appropriate to teach the book twice. First teach it superfluously and then in detail the second time. Translator's Note Translating is indeed a difficult task and I therefore do not claim to have fulfilled the right of translating this book. I ask the reader to overlook all shortcomings. Those attempting to translate any work of this calibre, will realize the great hurdles one has to overcome, especially where there are many technical terms involved. I have made an attempt to clarify the text as much as possible and simplify the rules so that the beginner can grasp them quickly. Where there was a need, I have added explanatory footnotes. Page 26 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One The original Urdu text of the book contains many errors, especially in the Qur'ānic verses. I have corrected these in the English version. In many cases, I have used tables to enlist sentences or examples. This was done for the sake of greater clarity although the original text does not have such tables. Many new Arabic words used in the exercises have not been mentioned in the vocabulary. I have enlisted these as well. Many singular words did not have their plurals listed. I have included these also for the benefit of the students. I have used the arrow sign ( ) to indicate the direction of the text. In some cases, the text has to be read from left to right as in English, while in other instances, it has to be read from right to left as in Arabic. I have provided the English equivalents of the Arabic grammatical terminology for the sake of information. The student need not learn the English terms. If one learns the Arabic terms and understands them well, it is sufficient. May Allāh accept this humble effort from me and make it a means for my salvation, Āmīn. Page 27 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Terminology Terms Meanings *b M M the diacritical points namely fathah (cd), kasrah (Od) and dammah (ed). Th g M fMP a letter with a harakah !j ?i "P the diacritical point (kd) also known as jazm *g M fj\b fathah (cd) lM j b kasrah (Od) *$m ' M dammah (ed) j=!O %jM two fathahs (nd), two kasrahs (d o ) or two dammas (d p ) j=!O %jM !j qP the sound of the nūn created when reading the tanwīn D!j fPVr M a letter having a fathah, eg. (M ) !j P ?r M a letter having a kasrah, eg. (B O ).!j $P [ j M a letter having a dammah, eg. (4 i ) O "M a letter having a sukūn, eg. (C j) Page 28 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Ym _ M P a letter having a tashdīd (sd) ?% R). 2. The definite article of Arabic is (r b).3 It is also called (.A "). In (w\ *), they are pronounced with a (ed) and in (6 +0 9|% *) with a (cd), e.g. (*b ? u M j \O 9 M %Mj=GM i M$5rP Ub- M ) - Úthmān saw Zaynab in Makkah. However, when an (R|% > ") has (r b) prefixed to it, or it is (R[), then a kasrah will be rendered to it in (6 + *). Examples: (YO vO M $M r O\), (M j$O Oj $P r YO vO M M j \O). Note 3: Words which accept tanwīn are called (R|%). These nouns will be discussed in detail in Lesson 57. 8. No ( ) can be read on words like ("j!P ) and ( jO ). Page 115 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One They will hence be read as they are in all three cases ( * 6 +0 9|% 0 w\). Such nouns are called ( j!| P 2r M "). Examples: ("j!P ^c Mv), ("j!P P j=-b M ), ("j!P.P / b i !M ,P ). 9. Words with a yā sākin (U j ) at the end like ( j ' O b2rb), ( j OMrb), (U j O M{rb) and ( j ' O M$rb) are free of external ( ) in ( w\ * 6 +0) while in (9|% *), a (9|q) will be rendered to them. Examples: Sentence Meaning Case j ' O b2rb ^c Mv The judge w\ * came j ' O b2r.P / b i ^c Mv The slave of 6 + * the judge came. M ' O b2r P j=-b M I saw the 9|% * judge. If these words do not have (r -b), they will be read as (J o b#), Page 116 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One (o M), etc. in (6 +0 w\ *) and (²' O b#), (²OM) etc. in ( * 9|%). Their sound plurals (´ w$+) are: (b !j ' P b#), (b !j iM) etc. in (w\ *) and ( M j' O b#), (M jOM) etc. in (6 +0 9|% *). Their dual forms are like normal words, namely, ( O M' O b#), ( O MOM) etc. in (w\ *) and ( O jM' O b#), (O jMOM) etc. in ( * 6 +0 9|%). Nouns that can be declined by the changing of the final vowels or letters are called ( M P$rb) and words whose final vowels are static are called ( O%)j $ M rb)41. There are few nouns that are ( O%)j $ M rb). The (l :8 ^@) indicative pronouns, ( ^@A *! !¢) relative pronouns, (.Vf"A ^@) interrogative pronouns, etc. are all ( O%)j $ M rb). They will be discussed later in Lesson 57. 41 Because it is incorrect to say ( O%)jM ), the term ( O%)j$M rb) has been used. If one deletes the (r b), the word becomes (o)jM ). Page 117 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Note 4: The (*|V%¢ *!\¢ ©$[) nominative detached pronouns were listed in Lesson 6. The remaining pronouns will be discussed in Lessons 11 and 15 and in detail in Lesson 41. Vocabulary List No. 8 Word Meaning t m!M doorkeeper t M$r-b a t $M b fruit )MvM mountain $M vM camel B O MqM!Mg M r *i 2b j=YO M zoo (lit. garden of animals) P j=0O M0M a M!j=O government office P jO bM a uP shop ²)O M mounted S t M!"j -b a S t !j "P market, shopping mall B t M m"M a l M m"M car, vehicle Yt h"M leader, master Page 118 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One lYM h"M queen, noble woman, wife * b O b\ distance ;t O b\ agile, swift r5$m i guava m P pomegranate t !j "P -i a Yt "M -b lion t m=}M P beautified µ| M P place of salāh, ídgāh B t b#Mq a S t !j qP a * #bMq she camel * ,M }j qP walk, stroll MYjM field l M )jO admonition, lesson Exercise No. 9 (A) Translate into English Only those verbs which were used in the examples of the previous lessons have been used in this exercise. Verbs will be discussed in Lesson 14. Page 119 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One O M)r YM %jO t ©Ob# P m!)Mrb (3) b 0j P ' O M li Xb O / b fmb (2) t ' O M Xi j$O r fhb (1) M O t !j $P g j M ^c Mv (5) O { Mg M rO ²)r b YP b!M r M M ' M ( 4) t OMv 9 P r ?b rM0 *O 2b j=YO O j \O ²Y"M -b Yt O M Ub- M (6) lO /m|O YO { O j $M r bO 9 M ,M Fb 0M *O "M M Yj $M r 9 M ,M Fb 0M YP $M j -b ^c Mv (8) ²qm P Yt OM0M r5$m i g j M= b b -b (7) B O MqM!Mg M r (10) lO M mm O\ B o M)O M j O,j O bO ^e M %h 9 M ,M Fb (9) O j?b O M' Yt $m g M P (11) YO jO r lO b| M O u| M $P r bO M j)O,O bF B O M$Oj $P r 0M M j$O Oj $P r P j=-b M t j qM O MYj )Mr O\ (12) *O ,M }j %Psb O | j M r YM j M O Mfj )Pr bO B P M%)MrM0 b !j %P)Mr 9 P ,M Xr M= ^c Mv (14) *O %m{ M r O\ ^O M %h li YM h"M *i $M O b\ (13) *O bvj Yh O R t 0j P j M o Mv O\ O jM OMv O jbO M O jM' O b# P j=-b M (15) ( O M Vb r bM ²)O M O M J o b# b !j iO M b !j ' P b# j ,P r M Ab (17) ª b !j $P Ob b !j ' P b# j ,P r ,M (16) O M!j=Yh O j=YM b!M r / b O 9 M ,M Fb (19) j MOM$O O R t 0j P j M o M )MvM YO %jO r O\ (18) M$O jbO ²YjO "M 0M / ³ jOM P j=-b M (20) *O MOMr *O "M M Yj $M r bO O jfM%j)Or Mfr O 0M O M|jybr O0iyO l³ M )jO b ] M bFb j \O u O (21) O YM j$M r O\ O j)MO Ab (B) Fill in the blanks where a verb, (\), (Yf)), (§), (v R) or ( 0±) are missing with suitable words that you have learnt. Page 120 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One li Xb O / b fm0 li Xb OM"ybr-b (1) bM * M OMv ( 2) bM ²)O M ^c Mv (3) O M)r ² OMv ²" O M -b M (4) YO %jO r O\ ² Mqj-b ( 5) * M= O Mv YO %jO r O\ (6) ª bO 9 M ,M Fb r ,M (7) j \O / ³ j\O 0M ²Y"M -b ( 8) bM OM ( 9) O j)MO M 0M (10) O j « bO 9 P ,M Xr M= (11) *O )Mj ?b r.M M-b *b ?u M b M$5r P (12) (C) Translate into Arabic: (1) a tall mountain (2) the past two months (3) The gardens of the cities are wide. (4) There is a long distance between Makkah and Egypt. (5) I saw two flowing rivers today. Page 121 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One (6) Ahmad’s son’s horses are agile. (7) Úthmān came to Makkah on an agile camel. (8) The two doorkeepers are standing by the door of the leader. (9) The shops of the markets of the cities are much beautified. (10) A just judge is in the governmental office. Page 122 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Lesson 11 The Genitive of Possession ( )42 1. When the (*%5d) dual and (´ X¢ w$+) sound masculine plural forms are (R[), their (* !q) at the end is deleted. Examples: w\ * 9|% * + * o vP M fMjM M$,P o vP M j fMjM P j=-b M o vP M j fMjM P M!j-b They are the I saw the two the doors of two houses of houses of a the two a man. man. houses of a man. originally was originally was originally was ( O MfjM) ( O jfMjM) ( O jfMjM) 42 This lesson is related to lesson no. 7. Page 123 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One w\ * 9|% * + * YO b!M r !P$M P j ,P O$M P P j=-b M YO b!M r O$M P P jM YO b!M r They are the I saw the the house of teachers of the teachers of the the teachers of boy. boy. the boy.. originally was originally was originally was ( b !j $P M P ) ( M j $O M P ) ( M j $O M P ) 2. When the words (t -b - father)43, (E t -b - brother)44 and (t \b - mouth)45 are related to any other word besides the pronoun of the singular first person (?f Y0 >$'), their forms46 will be as follows: 43 The dual of (t -b) is ( O M!M-b), (O j=!M M-b) and the plural is (^p M1). 44 The dual of (E t -b) is (O M!M -b), (O j=!M M -b) and the plural is ( M!j O). 45 The dual of ( t \b) is (O $M \b), (O j$M \b) and the plural is (;t M!\r -b). 46 Besides these three words, there are another three words which follow the same pattern. They are ( t M ), (t ,M ) and (0j Fi ). These six words are known as ( ^M@- l§? *f"). Page 124 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One w\ * 9|% * + * !j P-b M-b j O-b !j P -b M-b j O -b !j \i b\ j \O Note 1: The word (0j Fi ) meaning person, owner, etc. has the same three forms. However, it is only related to a visible noun (, ") and not to a pronoun. Examples: w\ * 9|% * + * o M 0j Fi o M Fb o M U j FO The feminine form of (0j Fi ) is (B t bF). The dual of (0j Fi ) is ( O M0Fb ), (O j=0M Fbc ) and the plural is (b 0j 0P Fb ). The dual of (B t bF) is (O MM0Fb ), (O jM0M Fbc ) and the plural is (B t M0Fb ). The ( ) of these words is like other general nouns. Examples: (o M M0Fb ) – two people of wealth, Page 125 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One (o M 0j 0P Fb ) – many people of wealth, (o M$v M B P Fb ) – one of beauty, (o M$v M MM0Fb ) – two women of beauty, (o M$v M B P 0M Fb ) – women of beauty. Note 2: When the words (t -b), (E t -b) and (t \b) are related to the singular first person pronoun (?f Y0 >$'), they will be read as follows in all three cases: ( j O-b) – my father, ( j O -b) – my brother, ( j $O \b) – my mouth. 3. If you intend to relate two or more words to one word, the first word will be mentioned as normally before the ( R[), but the second one will be mentioned after the ( R[) and a pronoun referring to the ( R[) must be appended to it, e.g. ( P qPMfj P0M O j=GO !M r P jM) – the minister’s house and his garden, ( j P %PjOM M0M ^O MM yir B P !j PP) – the ministers’ houses and their gardens. 4. When nouns are related to pronouns, these are the forms they will assume: Page 126 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Attached Pronouns in the Genitive Case (l 0¶ *|f¢ ©$[) Third Person (9O©b) P PMfO singular Masculine M$P PMfO dual j P PMfO plural bPMfO singular Feminine M$P PMfO dual m P PMfO plural Second Person (O'M) ] M PMfO singular Masculine M$?i PMfO dual j ?i PMfO plural ] O PMfO singular Feminine M$?i PMfO dual m ?i PMfO plural Page 127 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One First Person (? b fMP ) j OMfO singular M%PMfO dual, plural After alif, the (? b fMP U) must be read with a fathah and the third person singular masculine pronoun must be read with a dammah. Examples: (U M M|M ) – my staff, (;P M|M ) – his staff, (U M MYM=) – my two hands. A pronoun can also be attached to the (l6 v R0). Such a pronoun is known as (R· |f¢ 0¶ >$[) – the pronoun attached to a particle in the genitive case. The paradigm of these pronouns will be as follows: Page 128 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Third Person (9O©b) P b singular Masculine $M P b dual j P b plural M b singular Feminine $M P b dual m P b plural Second Person (O'M) ] M b singular Masculine $M ?i b dual j ?i b plural ] O b singular Feminine $M ?i b dual m ?i b plural Page 129 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One First Person (? b fMP ) j O singular %Mb dual, plural In the same way, one can attach the particle (O ), ( j O ), (bM ), (bO), etc. and form a similar paradigm. Hereunder follow examples of the particles (O ), ( j O ), (bM ) and (bO) attached to the pronouns: Page 130 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One O O P %jO O bM O jO $M O O M$P %jO $M O jM $M O jO j O O j P %jO j O jM j O jO M O M %jO M jM M jO $M O O M$P %jO $M O jM $M O jO m O O m P %jO m O jM m O jO ] M O ] M %jO ] M jM ] M jO $M ?i O $M ?i %jO $M ?i jM $M ?i jO j ?i O j ?i %jO j ?i jM j ?i jO ] O O ] O %jO ] O jM ] O jO $M ?i O $M ?i %jO $M ?i jM $M ?i jO m ?i O m ?i %jO m ?i jbM m ?i jbO j O j %hO bM bO %MO m%O %MjbM %MjbO Note 1: The particle (O ) which is from the (l6 v R0) is read (b ) with a fathah when attached to the pronouns Page 131 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One except for the singular first person. The word ( j O) can be read as ( M O) as in the verse: (O j=O M O 0M j ?i %Pj=O j ?i b). When the word ( j O ) is attached to the first person singular pronoun, it is read as ( j %hO ), while (bO), (bM ) and ( j \O) are read as ( m bO), (m bM ) and ( m \O) respectively. If there is a word with the definite article (r b) after ( j ,P ) and ( j i ), a dammah will be read on the (.) of both these words and attached to the (r ), e.g. (i M$r P ?i b 0M i M$r P P b). 5. When the vocative particle (^O Y M %h R P j M ) is used before (' 9), the (R[) will be read with a fathah, e.g. (( O m% YM h"M M=), (O M$j m YM )jM M=). Note 2: The (^O MY%h R P j M ) - vocative particles are several of which (M=) is the most commonly used one. The word to which the vocative particle is prefixed, is called (M%$ P rb). Page 132 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One If the (M%$ P rb) is singular and not (R[), a dammah will be read on the final letter, e.g. (Y P j=GM M=) – O Zaid, (i vP M M=) – O man. If the (M%$ P rb) is (R[), a fathah will be read on the final letter of the (R[), e.g. (( O m% YM h"M M=). If the (M%$ P rb) has ( ), the particle (M=-b) for masculine and (MfPdm=-b) for feminine should be attached to it, e.g. ( i vP m M=-b M=) – O man, (*i %MjOr MfPdm=-b M=) – O girl. Sometimes these two words enter (M%$ P rb) without the particle (M=), e.g. ( i vP m M=-b) – O man, (li YM hm MfPdm=-b) – O noble lady. Vocabulary List No. 9 Word Meaning o ?r M !j P-b Bakr’s father, name of a person.M M-b in front Page 133 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One M%dmqO a mqO undoubtedly we o :O M, !j %PM the children of Hāshim, name of a tribe t fMM son-in-law < t r M behind P ,O M M a t ,M j O dirham, silver coin P jqOMqM a t M%j=O dīnār, gold coin 9 t ,M Fb gold wt vO M returning Yt j:O M rational * M "M hour, time, Qiyāmah, watch M%"j -b a "O tooth t M j -b a t j O in-laws i ©OM)#b a * bj)O#b tribe YM %jO by * %MO r-b a M O tongue, language Mg j M life Page 134 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One l M$M death ] t P qP worship, sacrifice t "O 0M dirty Exercise No. 10 (A) Take special note of the ( ) of each word in the following sentences: MfPdm=-b O YP )jM j $O "j O r M Ab ª O j=O ?b r YP )jM ] M $P "j O r ,M ! YP b0M M= (1). li YM hm !j %PM P gj qM j OYM h"M M= j M qM ª o :O M, j %OM j O M qj-b r ,M O YM )jM M= (2). o :O M,. Fi Mf"j yir M=-b j OMfO bX, j M qM ª O M$j m YM )jM M= ] M PMfO bX, -b (3). M%fPjM r M j P fPjM bX, M jb Ab ª ] M ©Ob2\b P P jM bX, r ,M (4) j O -b P MfO !M ,P bM ª ] M jO -b P MfO bX, M jb -b (5). O M!M -b j O U j FO Mf"j -i M= j M qM ª i jOM M= Et -b ]M b r ,M (6). li M jO | m j fOj -i M ,O j M qM ª li M jO | m M]fPj -i M ,O r ,M (7).O M$j m YO )jM !j P -b !M ,P Ab ª Yo $m g M P !j P -b bX, -b (8) Page 135 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One. *O "M M Yj $M r O\ t j\O M j O Yo $m g M P !j P -b j M qM ª Yo $m g M P M-b M j=-b M -b (9). O jO -b P MfO !M ,P j M qM ª Yo $m g M P j O -b P MfO bX, r ,M (10). o M$vM 0M o r O MM0Fb ;P Mf%jO j M qM ª Yo OM j fM%jO M j=-b M r ,M (11). O MfVb jO qM UM MYM= j M qM ª O MfVb jO qM TM MYM= r ,M (12). * M jVO qM j P PMO j M qM ª * M jVO qM j ?i jO$M P P MO r ,M (13).9 O ,M Xu M O * M M" j h -i YM %jO 0M j M qM ª *o [ m \O *i M M" TM YM %jO r ,M (14).P jqOMqM O jbO j O0M P ,O M M P b bM j M qM ª P ,O M M 47 P b ] M jbM r ,M (15) bO O M),O bF M$,P r M Ab ª *b b$j :M bO P fP%jO0M ] O O$M r P j 9 M ,M Fb r ,M (16). M1M YM jM. j P P O M.O !j 2b r YP h"M (17). M%"j -b 0M M O (M%$O \b j \O 0j -b) M%j\O j \O (18).U YO %j,O M%qPM O 0M OM M j ?i qPM O (19). O YP )jM P j)O?b r O O ?r M j O-b P jO (20) 0M M u"M 0M O jbM e u M O O !j "P M Mj O M$,P P $M P 0M o r?M !j P-b (21). ;P M%fMM OM 0M i M$5rP. b !j gP OM ;P M%jM0 O M g M r O-b Mf%jO (22) 47 The phrase, (P b ] M jbM ) means “You owe him,” while (P b m bM ) means “I owe him.” Page 136 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One. O M)?O r ^O M$bP r M O Mv O M j $O Oj $P r *O "M M Yj M !j $P M P (23). j ?i iM$j -b j ?i b 0M M%iM$j -b M%b (24) ª Yo j:O M o vP M O j ?i %jO M jb-b (25). *O $M j m 0iF P !j Vi M r ] M M 0M (26). M j$O bMr h M O xO j OM$M 0M U M Mg j M M0 j ?O P qP 0M j Ob M u O (27) (B) Insert the correct ( ) in the following sentences and indicate the reason for doing so:. Z / º (1). Y=G / º (2). !$ , (3). *" Y¢ !$ , (4). f"0 ,/v 0 fVq Z % Y= (5). B%) *" Y B$ BZ| ^ % x (6). =G! ./ (\ X, (7). ©# *# l-¢ Y0 (8). x¢.- v # l-¢ (9) Page 137 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One. *£ *Z| v % (10) ª Bq!Z *2=Y >)? Y" =- - (11) ª J# !, , (12) ª '2 =- - (13) ª *#% ) '2 9,F , (14). Y - Y ! - ' (15). *$\ Y% 9%=G U- $5 (16) ª %f" Y $ =- , »? Y) = (17) (C) Translate the following sentences into Arabic: (1) Is your name Àbdur Rahmān? Yes, my name is Àbdur Rahmān. (2) O Àbdur Rahmān, is this your book? No, it is Àbdullāh’s book. (3) Do you have a golden watch (watch of gold)? No, I have a silver watch. (4) Is that your big brother? Yes, he is my big brother. (5) Is this the house of the minister’s son? No, it is the king’s son’s house. (6) Are the two hands of your small brother clean? Yes, but his two feet are dirty. (7) Have you seen Hāmid’s brother? Yes, Hāmid’s Page 138 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One brother is a good boy. (8) Have you seen Mahmūd’s two sisters? Yes, his two sisters are sitting by my mother. (9) Are your teachers sitting in the madrasah? Yes, our teachers are sitting in the madrasah. Page 139 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Test No. 5 (1) What is ( )? (2) How many cases does a noun have? (3) How many types of ( ) are there? (4) When will a noun be regarded to be in (w\ *), (9|% *) and (+ *)? (5) What is the ( ) of the dual form? (6) What is the ( ) of the sound masculine and feminine plurals? ) of (R|% > ")? (7) What is the ( (8) How will words like ( '2) etc. be read in all three cases? (9) If the definite article is removed from words like ( '2) etc. how will they be read in all three cases. (10) Form the dual and plural of (&). (11) What is (¼)¢"A) and describe some types of it. (12) What changes take place in (*%5d) and ( X w£ ´") when they are (R[)? Page 140 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One (13) How will the words (t -b), (E t -b) and (t \b) be read in all three cases when they are related, that is, they are (R[) to a word other than the singular first person pronoun (?f Y0 >$')? And if they are related to the singular first person pronoun (?f Y0 >$'), how will they be read? (14) If you want to describe the (R[), will the adjective be adjacent to the (R[) or will it be at a distance from it? (15) What is the ( ) of (0j Fi ) and the ( ) of its dual and plural form? (16) How do you make two nouns (R[) towards one word? (17) What is the ( ) of the (R[) when a vocative particle (^Y% R) is inserted before it? (18) When pronouns are ( R[), what are they called? (19) Add a pronoun to the word (b M ) and form its paradigm. Page 141 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Lesson 12 Indicative Pronouns ( ! #" $%&' ) 1. Words which are used to point out to something are called (lO M M:Or ^e M$"j -b). They are of two types: (a) words that indicate something nearby. The following forms are the most commonly used ones: Gender Singular Dual Plural Case Masc. bX, O bX, ^O Ab `P , w\ Masc. bX, O j=Xb , ^O Ab `P , 6 v 0 9|q Fem. ;O XO , O M, ^O Ab `P , w\ Fem. ;O XO , O jM, ^O Ab `P , 6 v 0 9|q (b) words that indicate something at a distance. The more commonly used forms are the following: Page 142 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Gender Singular Dual Plural Case 48 Masc. ] M OF 0b- TM bF ] M qObF ] M ©OAb 0i- w\ Masc. TM bF ] M %Oj=Fb ] M ©OAb 0i- 6 v 0 9|q Fem. ] M r O 0b- TM M ] M qOM ] M ©OAb 0i- w\ Fem. ] M r O ] M %OjM ] M ©OAb 0i- 6 v 0 9|q Note 1: The original Indicative Pronouns are (bF), ( O bF) etc. without the (M,) but these are seldom used. Note 2: The words (] M ObXb - similarly) – and (bX?b , – in this way) – are very often used. Note 3: The (T M ) appended to the end of (Y l : ") is sometimes changed like the ( 0± 9¾ >$')49 according to the second person. It has no effect on the meaning. This change occurs more often in (] M OF). ( m ?i OF M$?i OF ] O OF j ?i OF M$?i OF ] M OF) 48 Note that the (0) is not pronounced. 49 The second person pronoun in the genitive case. Page 143 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One The meaning of all these words is the same. Example: (M$? i M M$?i OF) – That is the Lord of you two. ( j ?i M e P ?i OF) – That Allāh is your Lord. Note 4: Besides the dual form, all the remaining ( ^e M$"j -b lO M M:Or) are ( j %O)jd$M rb) - indeclinable. 2. The object pointed to is called the ( O j bO t M_P ). The ( " l :8) together with the ( O jbO t M_P ) form part of a sentence, namely the subject, doer or object, just as in ( V ! 9) and (' 9). 3. The ( O j bO t M_P ) will always have ( ) or be (R[). 4. If the ( O j bO t M_P ) has ( ) attached to it, the (l :8 ") must be mentioned first, e.g. (P Mf?O r bX,) – this book. If it is (R[) towards another noun, the (l :8 ") will Page 144 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One succeed the ( R[), e.g. (bX, j ?i PMfO ) – this book of yours, (bX, ] O O$M r P jO) – this son of the king. In the above-mentioned phrases, if the (l :8 ") is brought first, and it is said, ( j ?i PMfO bX,), the meaning will be, ‘This is your book.’ In this case, the word ( j ?i PMfO ) is no more the ( O j bO t M_P ) but will become the predicate. It will now be a complete sentence. 5. If the (l :8 ") occurs as the subject of a sentence without the ( O j bO t M_P ), then: (a) if the predicate has ( ), insert a pronoun (>$') between the (l :8 ") and the (§). This pronoun will correspond in word-form to the (l :8 ") as you learnt in Lesson 6. Examples: (P Mf? O r !M ,P bX,) – This is the book. ( b !j g P OVr $P r P ,P ] M ©OAb 0i-) – Those people are the successful ones. In these examples, the ( O j bO t M_P ) is implied ( mY2b P ). The actual sentences are (P Mf?O r !M ,P i j_ m bX,) and ( P ,P ( P m% ] M ©OAb 0i- Page 145 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One b !j g P OVr $P r). (b) If the predicate does not have ( ), a pronoun will not be inserted, e.g. (t MfO bX,) – this is a book. The ( O j bO t M_P ) is implied in this example as well. (c) If it is (R[), then too there is no need for a pronoun, e.g. (] O O$M r P jO bX,) – This is the king’s son. ( j ?i PMfO bX,) – This is your book. However, if you want to create emphasis in your speech, insert a pronoun, e.g. ( j ?i PMfO !M ,P bX,) – This is your book. (] O O$M r P jO !M ,P TM bF) - That is the king’s son. Note 5: Understand well the difference between (bX, ] O O$M r P jO) and (] O O$M r P jO bX,). Note 6: The words (M%P ,), - here, (M%, P ) – here, and (TM M%,P ) – there, are also indicative pronouns. There are no particular rules for their usage. Page 146 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Vocabulary List No. 10 Word Meaning t jO fig l M $j P redness M!j -b a M maternal uncle B t bM a * bM maternal aunt 9 t j= M doubt 9 M j= M Ab no doubt.t M$j -b a M paternal uncle B t m$M a * $m M paternal aunt j 2O fm$P rb pious t !j iWr M aim P O M%M a t b %jM scenery Y² ,P guidance ;t!j vP 0P a t vj 0M face b b# he said j bb# she said Page 147 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One u ybb as if, like M,j P proof ^e m)O -b a 9 t j)Ob doctor Exercise No. 11 (A) Translate the following sentences into English: j O!j iWr M !M ,P bX, (1) * %MM M l -bM j O ;O XO , (2) O M!M -b O / b vP m O bX, (3) M!j O IP M:j ybr ^O Ab `P , (4) P P vj 0M ] M OXb 0M < t jO qM YO b!M r bX, P MfO (5) t "O 0M bX, YO b!M r P MfO (6) 9 P %Mj=GM O %j)Or ;O XO , P "j O (7) * %MM M P O M%$M r ] M r O (8) O MfVb jO qM O YM Mr O MM, (9) TM bF.j -b TM !j P -b bX, -b (10) j $h M P j bX, 0M j $h M TM bF (11) Page 148 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One j fO$m M ;O XO , 0M j fObM li -bj $M r ] M r O 0M j OM i vP m bX, (12) o j)O2b O M jb *O %MjOr ;O XO , P vj 0M (13) *O $M M $P r.M M-b O fM$M ©Ob# ] M qOM U M Mfj -i (14) P jfh bX, ] M OXb b 0M ŸOv l !M r P Ur5$m ?i r ;O XO , (15) O jbvP m ] M %Oj=Xb O B P !j P)Pr ]M r O (16) l M $j P O jMM, ] M j=YM M= j \O (17) O j\O 9 M j= M Ab P Mf?O r ] M ObF (18) b !j gP OVr $P r P ,P ] M ©OAb 0i- 0M j O h M j O U²Y,P bM ] M ©OAb 0i- (19) ] O :P j M bX?b ,-b b j#O (20) !M ,P P qmybb j bb# (21) b 0j YP O b# M%P , mqO (22) b !j M j \O bO ] M h M j O O MqM,j P ] M qObX\b (23) ] M M b b# ] M ObXb b b# (24) (B) Translate the following sentences into Arabic: (1) This doctor is learned. (2) This friend of mine is wealthy. (3) Those friends are wealthy. (4) This son of the king is generous. Page 149 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One (5) These two are brothers. (6) That she-camel is beautiful. (7) This handsome boy is pious. (8) O Àbdullāh, is this your son? (9) Those boys are standing in front of their father. (10) This is a good man and those two are transgressors. (11) That girl is pious and so is her mother. Page 150 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Test No. 6 (1) What are the commonly used forms of the indicative pronouns? (2) Which of the indicative pronouns are declinable ( )? (3) What is the object that is pointed to called? (4) How is the ( O j bO t M_P ) always used? (5) Where should the (l :8 ") be placed when the ( O j bO t M_P ) has ( )? (6) When the (l :8 ") is used without the ( O jbO t M_P ) in a sentence, what are the ways in which it is used? (7) What is the difference in meaning and analysis between (bX, j ?i PMfO ) and (j ?i PMfO bX,)? (8) Is there any difference in meaning in the following words: ( m ?i OF M$?i OF ] O OF j ?i OF M$?i OF ] M OF) (9) When does the (T) of (] M OF) or (] M r O) change in the above-mentioned manner. Explain with examples. Page 151 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Lesson 13 Interrogative Pronouns ( ()*+&, #-' ) 1. Some of the interrogative pronouns are: Word Meaning j M who M what bFM what ¿ M j=-b what U -b which (m) * m=-b which (f) j O how much, how many < M jb how M j=-b where fM when M$O why Page 152 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One bFM$O why q6-b from where, how Note 1: Besides (U -b) and (* m=-b), all the interrogative pronouns are ( j %O)jd$M rb). See 10.9. Note 2: You have read in Lesson 6 Note 4 that the particles ( r ,M ) and (-b) create the interrogative meaning in the sentence. They are both particles (R0) of interrogation. That is, they cannot form the subject or doer of a sentence. On the other hand, the interrogative pronouns can become the subject or doer or object of a sentence. 2. The (.Vf"A ^@-) - interrogative pronouns – are used at the beginning of sentences, e.g. (ªTM !j P-b j M ) – Who is your father? However, when they are ( R[), they will follow the (R[) according to the normal rule, e.g. ( j M P MfO ) – whose book. The particle (O ) can be inserted before the (.Vf"A ^@-) and Page 153 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One brought at the beginning of a sentence, e.g. (P Mf?O r O $M O) – Whose book is it? (Literally: For whom is this book?) (.M !j Mr ] P r $P r O $M O) – Whose kingdom is it today? 3. The (l v R0)50 can be attached to the beginning of the (.Vf"A ^@-). Examples: Word Meaning j $M O whose M$O why j ?b O how much M j=-b bO till where M j=-b j O from where fM bO till when (M j O ) m$O from what (j M j O ) j $m O from whom (M j M ) m$M from what, regarding what 50 See Vocabulary List No. 6. Page 154 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One M$j\O in what 4. Sometimes the word (M) is joined to the (l v R0) without the alif. Therefore (M$O) becomes ( M O), (m$M ) becomes ( m M ) and (M$j\O) becomes (M j\O). 5. The words (U -b) and (* m=-b) are (R[) to the succeeding words, e.g. ( o vP M U -b) – which man, (O Mvh U -b) – which of the men, (lo -Mj *i m=-b) - which woman, (^O M %h *i m=-b) which of the women. If the word after (U -b) is indefinite, it will be singular and if it is definite, it will be plural. 6. The word succeeding ( j b ) is ( !|%) - in the accusative case and it is singular, e.g. (T M YM %jO ²$,M j O j b ) – How many dirhams do you have? (T M P $j P *³ %M"M j b ) – What is your age? (Literally: How many years is your age?”) 7. Sometimes the word ( j b ) is not used for interrogation but for providing information. It is called (*m=O )M M ). Its meaning in that case will be ‘several’ or ‘many’. Page 155 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One The noun succeeding (*=§ ) is ( 0±). Sometimes it is singular and sometimes plural, e.g. ( P 2r fMj -b Yo )jM j b ) or ( j b P 2r fMj -b Yo j)OM ) – I have freed many slaves. The particle ( j O ) is sometimes used after (*Vf" ) and often after (*=§ ). Examples: (T M YM %jO *o mO P j O j b ) – How many rupees do you have? (^O M2b Vi r bM MfP\r M M M jqOMqM 0j -b o M%j=O j O j b ) – I spent many gold coins on the poor. Vocabulary List No. 11 Word Meaning t j -b matter, command M jM between t )jO ink * M $j M five * mO P rupee Page 156 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One t $M "O a t j$O "M fat U O 0j P ' M necessary * M\OM comfort M|M stick O )jg O r P b#b fountain pen I O M m P b#b pencil lM0M ink bottle t m#b powerful Yt O M0 one t j$O M= right, right-hand side t M M= left, left-hand side * ,M O b\ agile, lively Exercise No. 12 (A) Translate into English: I O M m P b#b bX, ª bX, M (1) Page 157 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One O )jg O r P b#b TM bF ª TM bF M0M (2) lM0M ;O XO ,M ª ;O XO ,M M (3) t )jO lO M0Ym O\ ª lO M0Ym O\ bFM 0M (4) j OM 0M j $h M O bX, ª O / b vP m O bX, j M (5) li YM jMGP li M jO | m j fOj -i ] M r O M$P %MjM P %j)Or ] M r O j M 0M (6) Yt O M P j)O?b r j O -b TM bF ] M Vb r M t OMv o vP M U -b (7) *O "M M Yj $M r li Xb OM"-b ^O Ab `P , ª i Mvh ^O Ab `P , j M (8) *O "M M Yj M j \O B t M$M P m ,P ª ^e M %h ^O Ab `P , j M (9) B O M%)Mr *O "M M Yj $M r bO 9 M ,M Fb !M ,P ª P jO | m TM !j P -b M j=-b (10) O jfMM M" b )j#b 9 M ,M Fb ª9 M ,M Fb ÀM (11) j OMfO !M ,P bX, ª P Mf?O r bX, j $M O (12) j h M e -b ª] M M j M (13) j h)OqM O i !j "P M Yt $m g M P ª] M )OqM j M (14) j %Oj=O.P / b "j Orb ª] M %Pj=O M (15) Page 158 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One (B) Note the use of the interrogative pronouns in the following sentences:.U j YO h"M M= O YP )jM j $O "j O ª YP b0M M= ] M $P "j M (1 Yo $m g M P P j YP $M j -b P $P "j O ª O YM )jM M= M]jO-b P "j M (2. *b ?u M j O P gj qM ª j fPqj-b M j=-b j O (3. YO %jO r bO b !j )P,O bF P g j qM ª j fPqj-b b !j )P,O bF M j=-b bO (4. *O M\OMrO P g j qM O YP $j g M rb ª j ?i iM < M jb (5 U j YO h"M M= o Ab 0j -b *i M $j M j O ª YP OM M= ] M b ²Yb0M j b (6 lM ' O M ²f%jO b !j P $j M U j YO h"M M= ª *O "M M Yj $M r O\ lM ' O M ²f%jO j b (7.*O "M M Yj $M r O\.M !j Mrb. Yt O M0 E t -b0M O Mfj -i j O ª B O M!M ybrM0 O M!j Or M O ] M b j b (8 *³ mO P M j=O _j O O li M 2b )Mr ;O XO ,M ª *i %MjO$m li M 2b )Mr ;O XO ,M j ?b O (9 U ¬ O 0j P ' M o j ybO t OMv Mq-b ª M%P ,M M qj-b t OMv M O (10.U M M|M M ,O ª M"!j P M= ] M %Oj$O MO ] M r O M (11. O YO %jO j O !M ,P j bb# ª bX, ] O b mq-b b b# (12. O m2b r YO O M!r O uO ª.M !j Mr ]P r $P r O $M O (13.9 t j=O #b O M | j qM u O Ab -b ª O P | j qM fM (14 (C) Answer these questions in Arabic using the words you Page 159 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One have learnt. ª bX, M (1) ª ;O XO ,M j M (2) ª TM bF M (3) ª] M r O M (4) ª bX, j M (5) ª O bX, j M (6) ª ^O Ab `P , j M (7) ª] M $P "j O ¿ M j=-b (8) ª YP $M j -b M= TM !j P -b M j=-b (9) ª] M jO -b P "j O M (10) ª TM M-b M M ' M j M (11) ª j O -b M M ' M j M (12) ª O M!j Or M O ]M b j b (13) ª ;O XO ,M j M P %jO (14) ª M,!j P-b M j=-b (15) ª M,M-b M j=-b M -b (16) ª MjO-b M j=-b M -b (17) M jM Page 160 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One ª] M h -i YM %jO * M OMv ^O M %h *i m=-b (18) ª9 t j M.j -b j "M ª P Mf?O r bX, < M jb (19) ª j ©OM)$j M bO TM !j P-b 9 M ,M Fb fM (20) (D) Translate the following sentences into Arabic: (1) Who are you? Sir, I am Hāmid. (2) What is your father’s name? My father’s name is Hasan Ibn Àlī. (3) How many sons and daughters does Àbdur Rahmān have? He has one son and two daughters. (4) Who is the woman standing in front of you? She is my brother’s wife. (5) What is in her hand? There are clothes in her hand. (6) How many people are standing there? Five people are standing there. (7) How many boys are present today? Sir, thirty boys are present. (8) O Mahmūd, why are you standing here? I am standing here for some necessary work. (9) How much is this book? It costs five rupees (Lit. It is for five rupees). (10) O Khālid, how many brothers do you have? Page 161 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Sir, I have two brothers. (11) To whom does this small dog belong? It is my maternal uncle’s dog. (12) Where are you going to now? Sir, we are going to the madrasah. (13) When did your brother go? He went one hour ago. (E) Note how the following sentences have been analysed. An indication was made in Lesson 6 and 10 to (*@ *£) and (*\ *£) respectively. Here a simple analysis of some straightforward sentences is made. If any sentence provides information of some type, term it (*=§) and if there is a question, term it (*Vf") or (*©_q). (1). / 0 1 § Yf) *=§ *@ *£ Page 162 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One (2) 2 & 43 / 5 6 *V R! ! Yf) dM)dM *=§ *@ *£ (3) 7& % 856. / 9% 0{d 6 v R §d.Vf" " Yf) )Md M rO f *Vf" *@ *£ Page 163 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One (4) 0: ; 8 =% + 0 %? + 4 @ 0± R !V \ \ R 6 v.Vf" VrO f *Vf" *\ *£ Test No. 7 (1) Which words constitute the (.Vf"8 ^@) and the (.Vf"8 R0). What is the difference between the two? (2) Where should the (.Vf"8 ^@) be placed in a sentence? (3) From the (.Vf"8 ^@), which word is ( )? (4) How many types of (j b ) are there? What is the ( ) of the noun succeeding each type? (5) How are (U -b) and (* m=-b) used? Explain with examples. Page 164 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One (6) What were the words ( m M ) and (M j\O) originally? Insert the ( ) in the following sentences: ª 9 0 *, V *#% ;X, ¢ (1) ª ]$ !, , (2) ª F¢0 T Y% *$©# l- *=-0 (3) ª %7 0 (4) ª >)? ,Y0 !, , (5) ª B2) ] 0 Á = B#% ] (6) ª l2 0 Y = TY% l: (7) ª & !f? !$Â " - , (8) !v ^v ? & !$Â " !f? UY" = q (9). ;Y% Page 165 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One Lesson 14 The Verb 1. Verbs are of two types: (1) one is ( '¢) which indicates that an action has been completed, e.g. (9 M fMb ) – he wrote. (2) the second is (N [¢) which indicates that an action has not been completed but is being done or will be done, e.g. (9 P fP?r M=) – he is writing or he will write. Some morphologists51 regard the imperative (-) as a third category of verbs. Generally a verb has three root letters ( O/ b i), e.g. (9 M fMb ) – he wrote. Some verbs have four root letters ( OM P ), e.g. ( M vM j M) – he translated. Note 1: The root letters of a word are called (l m M ). In verbs, the (9© X Y0) third person singular word-form contains only the root letters to the extent that recognizing 51 Scholars of (ORj | m P ). Page 166 Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown - http://www.al-inaam.com/ Arabic Tutor – Volume One the root letters of the verbal noun ( Y|) and all the derivatives (B2f_) are based on this word-form. In order to indicate the meaning of the verbal noun, it is appropriate to write this word-form - (9© X Y0) - so that the student can apprize himself of the root letters. Hence we can say that (9 M fMb ) means to write although originally its meaning is, ‘he wrote’. However, if you want to speak of the meaning expressed by the verbal noun, you should use the verbal noun, e.g. (lb ^c M2O rM0 *b MMf?O r !P$uM M) – Learn writing and reading. The word (*b MMf? O rb) is the ( Y|) -verbal noun of (9 M fMb ) while (lb ^c M2O rb) is the verbal no
