جراحة تقويمي الخامسة PDF

 ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻄﺎء ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺘﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺣﺔ...

 ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻄﺎء ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺘﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﻠﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬  ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﻳﻀﻴﺔ) (ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻳﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻜﺲ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻜﺲ‬  ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻷﻳﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ‬  ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻳﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻛﺴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻮﻥ‬  ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ‬  ‫ﻭﺳﻄﺎء ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﻳﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻢﺍﻭﻱ (ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﻲ)‪.‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻣﻨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ Hypothalamic suppression refers to a condition where the hypothalamus, a crucial part of the brain that regulates many bodily functions, reduces i ts activity. This can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is responsible for managing the body’s stress response by releasin g hormones like cortisol When the hypothalamus is suppressed, it can lead to lower levels of cortisol, resulting in an impaired stress response and a weakened immune system1. This condition can increase the risk of frequent and severe infections and, in extreme cases, lead to adrenal crisis, which is life-threatening.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻣﻦ‬.‫ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬  ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ( ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻮﻛﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﻳﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬  pCO2 stands for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. It is a measure of the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, typically expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). This measurement is crucial for assessing how well CO2 is being removed from the body through the lungs In a medical context, normal pCO2 values range from 35 to 45 mmHg. Levels outside this range can indicate respiratory issues Higher pCO2: May suggest hypoventilation (not breathing enough), leading to respiratory acidosis. Lower pCO2: May indicate hyperventilation (breathing too much), leading to respiratory alkalosis ‫ﻣﺘﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﻳﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body’s response to an infection causes widespread inflammation. This inflammation can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and even death if not treated promptly The body’s immune system, which normally fights infections, goes into overdrive and starts attacking its own tissues and organs. Symptoms of sepsis can include a high heart rate, fever, confusion, difficulty breathing, and extreme pain or discomfort