Grade 9 Science 2024 Mid-Term Review PDF

## Science 9 - 2024 Mid-Term Review ### Biological Diversity - **Grade 9 - Unit 1 - Biological Diversity Concepts** - **Between Ecosystems:** Competition - **Within Ecosystems:** Niches - **Within Species:** Species Distribution - **Resource Partitioning:** Interdependence (Symbiosi...

## Science 9 - 2024 Mid-Term Review ### Biological Diversity - **Grade 9 - Unit 1 - Biological Diversity Concepts** - **Between Ecosystems:** Competition - **Within Ecosystems:** Niches - **Within Species:** Species Distribution - **Resource Partitioning:** Interdependence (Symbiosis): - **Commensalism:** One benefits, the other is not affected. - **Mutualism:** Both benefit - **Parasitism:** One benefits, the other is harmed. - **Natural Selection:** Occurs when the environment 'selects' which individuals within a species will survive to reproduce. - **Artificial Selection:** Occurs when humans intervene using biotechnologies to select desirable characteristics. - **Biotechnology:** - Cloning - Artificial insemination - In vitro fertilization - Genetic engineering - **Variation:** Non-heritable - **Reproduction:** - **Asexual:** - Binary Fission - Budding - Spore Production - Vegetative Reproduction (cutting, tuber, runner, sucker) - **Sexual:** - Human - Flower - **Classification System:** - Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species - **Science of Genetics:** The study of how heritable characteristics are passed on from generation to generation. - **DNA:** Genetic Code - **Chromosomes:** (46 in humans) - **Traits:** - **Dominant:** Always show when they are present - **Recessive:** Show only when dominant traits are not present - **Genes (alleles):** - **Incomplete Dominance:** Offspring unlike either parent - **Environmental Factors:** - **Mitosis:** - **Meiosis:** - **Impacts on Biodiversity:** - **Natural causes:** earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, fires, lack of food, disease, overspecialization - **Extinction:** - **Endangered (COSIWIC):** - **Extirpation:** - **Human causes:** habitat destruction, introduced species, over-hunting, pollution - **Biodiversity Conservation Strategies:** - **Protected areas:** - **Restoration programs:** - **Regulations and restrictions:** - **Controlling exotic species:** - **Genetic resources conservation:** ### Electrical Technologies and Principles - **Grade 9 - Unit 4 - Electrical Principles & Technologies Concepts** - **Static Electricity:** - Charge Separation - Electrical Discharge - Laws of Electric Charges - **Current Electricity:** - Continuous flow of electrons through conductors. - Electrical Circuit (conductor - energy source - load) - Electrical Power Grid - **Electrical Safety:** - Short Circuits - Insulators - Plugs (Ground) - Fuses - Breakers - Safety Regulations - Safety Rules - **Volts:** - Potential Difference - Voltage Drop - **Amperes:** - Current flow rate - **Cells:** - Different Electrodes in an Electrolyte - **Wet Cell**: Electrolyte is a liquid - **Dry Cell**: Electrolyte chemicals in a paste - **Battery Types:** - Primary - Secondary - **Electrochemistry**: - Electrolysis - Electroplating - Galvanizing - Electro-refining - **Energy Transformations:** - Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical, Thermal, Light, Sound - **St. Louis Motor**, **Generators**, **Motors (DC - AC)**, **Transformers** - **Energy Sources:** - Fossil Fuels - Light Solar - Geothermal - Gravity - Tides Wind - Biomass - Fuel Cells - **Ohms Ω:** - Resisting the flow - **Multimeter:** - **Ohm's Law R=V/I:** - **Conductors - Insulators:** - **Superconductors:** - **Types of Resistors:** - Wire-bound - Carbon composite - **Variable Resistors:** - Rheostat (varies resistance) - Varistor (temperature change) - Thermistor (surge protector) - **Power**: Voltage x Current - **Current**: - **Voltage:** - **Power** - **Energy E = Pxt** - **Law of Conservation of Energy** - Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed from one form to another - **Efficiency**: Energy (output) x 100 / Energy (input) - **Impacts**: Renewable vs Non-Renewable Energy - **Air Pollution**: - **Conservation of Energy**: - **Sustainability**: ### Electrical Principles and Technologies - **Match the following terms to the best description / definition:** - **Cell:** Another word for a load - **Conductor:** Allows the movement of electrons - **Control:** Circuit switch - **Current Electricity:** The flow of electrons - **Insulator:** Resists the flow of electrons - **Load:** Uses electricity in the circuit - **Resistor:** An unbalanced charge - **Static Electricity:** Power source - **Law of Charges:** - Like charges repel - Unlike (opposite) charges attract - Charged and neutral objects attract (through charge separation) - **Label the following circuit diagram symbols:** - **Resistor:** - **Light:** - **Voltometer:** - **Switch:** - **Ammeter:** - **Wire:** - **Battery:** - **Write the following characteristics in the correct column below:** - **Series Circuits:** - 1 pathway - Light bulbs get dimmer - Light bulbs will stay on if one bulb blows - Light bulbs stay the same - **Parallel Circuits:** - Multiple pathways - Loads do not share current - Loads share current - Light bulbs will go out if one bulb blows - **Potential Difference / Voltage:** V, volts, Voltometer - **Current:** I, amperes, ammeter - **Resistance:** R, ohms ohmmeter - **Ohm's Law:** - V= Ix R - R = V / I - I = V / R - **Which terms on the right are the best description / definition for fuse and thermocouple:** - **Fuse:** - If the conductor melts, it will open the circuit until it can be replaced. - If too much current passes through the metal strip, the metal strip could melt. - **Thermocouple:** - When the metals are heated, the difference in conduction results in electricity flowing from one metal to the other. - Is a temperature-measuring device having 2 dissimilar conductors that are in contact. - Two metals that make a current when heated. - **Use the following information to answer question 33.** - When a switch, a variable resistor, a light bulb, and a motor are connected in a circuit such as the one shown below, the circuit will operate as follows: - The switch will control both the motor and the light bulb. - The user will be able to control the brightness of the light bulb. - **Which of the following rows matches the electrical components to their corresponding locations in the circuit described above?** - **Switch:** - **Motor:** - **Variable Resistor:** - **Light Bulb:** - **Use the following information to answer question 32.** - The diagram below shows a simple circuit: - **Legend:** - Battery - Light Bulb - Switch - **The energy transformation that occurs in the circuit above when the switch is closed is:** - Chemical energy → Electrical energy → Light and thermal energy - **Use the following information to answer question 34.** - Jake needs to repair a car stereo system. The system contains a stereo and a fuse that are connected in series and two speakers that are connected in parallel. - **Which of the following diagrams represents the car stereo system described above?** - **12V DC:** - **Fuse:** - **Stereo:** - **Speaker:** - **Speaker;** - **Use the following information to answer question 36.** - A student is testing the conductivity of 4 different substances. He uses a 2.5 V battery and records the current in the circuit in each of the 4 substances. The chart below indicates the current measured. - **Which substance is most likely an insulator?** - **Substance R:** 0.01 mA - **Process Skills:** - **What is a manipulated variable?** - **What is a responding variable?** - **What is a controlled variable?** - **In any experiment, you should have 1 manipulated variable, 1 responding variable, but you may have many controlled variables.** - **Manipulated variables are plotted on the x axis.** - **Responding variables are plotted on the y axis.** - **Students' Favourite Subject:** - **What is the manipulated variable shown on the graph?** Subject - **What is the responding variable shown on the graph?** Number of students - **How many students say Science is their favourite subject?** 90 - **How many students were surveyed?** 100 - **What percentage of students name Science as their favourite subject?** 90%