Grade 11 Community Health Service (Don Bosco Catholic General Secondary School) 2024/2025 PDF

Don Bosco Catholic General Secondary School Community Health Service Grade 11 Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 2024/2025 Summary lecture  Module III UNIT 1 Basic Kaizen Concepts  1.1.1 The mea...

Don Bosco Catholic General Secondary School Community Health Service Grade 11 Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 2024/2025 Summary lecture  Module III UNIT 1 Basic Kaizen Concepts  1.1.1 The meaning of Kaizen Kaizen is a Japanese term that translates to "continuous improvement" or "change for the better." It's a philosophy or methodology focused on making incremental improvements in processes, products, or services over time. Rather than seeking major, revolutionary changes, kaizen emphasizes small, gradual improvements that can be implemented by everyone in an organization. Key principles of kaizen  Cont.. Continuous Improvement: Kaizen emphasizes the concept of continuous, incremental improvement in all aspects of operations, processes, and systems. Respect for People: Central to Kaizen is the belief that every individual within the organization possesses valuable insights, knowledge, and expertise.  Cont... Elimination of Waste: Kaizen advocates for the identification and elimination of waste in all forms, including overproduction, waiting times, unnecessary motion, defects, and excess inventory. Standardization: Standardization is essential for ensuring consistency, reliability, and repeatability in processes and operations.  Cont.. Quality at the Source: Kaizen promotes the principle of "quality at the source," which means identifying and addressing quality issues at their origin rather than detecting and correcting defects downstream. Visual Management: Visual management tools help create transparency, facilitate communication, and support continuous monitoring and improvement efforts. Definition of PDCA  The Planning phase which involves the. identification of the problem and objectives Plan  The selected solution is put into action on a Do limited scale.  Involves analyzing the collected data and Check feedback and comparing the outcome against pre-established objectives. Act  Is the point at which the chosen solution is fully integrated.  1.3.3 Quality Circles and teamwork  Quality circles are small groups of employees who voluntarily come together to identify, analyze, and solve work-related problems within their area of expertise.  These circles/quality circles/ promote teamwork, collaboration, and shared responsibility for quality and improvement. They provide a forum for employees to exchange ideas, share best practices, and contribute to organizational goals.  Cont.. Continuous improvement is not a one-time initiative but rather a continuous journey towards excellence.  By embracing these key concepts and methodologies, Organizations can foster a culture of innovation, efficiency, and quality that drives sustainable growth and competitiveness. Benefits of Implementing Kaizen Increased Productivity and Efficiency Cost Reduction and Waste Elimination Improved Quality and Customer Satisfaction Employee Morale /confidence and Satisfaction Improved Quality and Customer Satisfaction Root Cause Error Proofing Analysis: (Poka-Yoke): Kaizen emphasizes Kaizen encourages the importance of the implementation root cause analysis of error-proofing to identify and techniques to address the prevent mistakes underlying factors and defects before contributing to they occur, ensuring quality defects and consistent quality customer and reliability. dissatisfaction.  Cont.. Customer Feedback Continuous Integration Feedback Loops Kaizen involves Kaizen promotes the gathering and establishment of incorporating customer continuous feedback feedback into loops to monitor and improve quality improvement efforts, performance over time, aligning products and fostering a culture of services with customer continuous learning and needs and expectations. adaptation.  UNIT 3 5s procedure  3.1 Meaning of 5S  The 5S methodology is an improvement tool for organizing and maintaining a disciplined and productive workplace.  5S facilitates: Creation of a better working environment by reducing waste while improving efficiency, safety and quality. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 16  The first step in 5S is to eliminate all the things in the workspace that are not being used and store them away. Seiri Sort If a tool are material is not used on a ማጣራት daily basis, eliminate it from the workstation. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 17  The second step is to arrange the items used on a daily basis so that they can be easily accessed and quickly stored. Seiton Set in Your goal is to make eliminate any unnecessary Order movements and actions by the worker to make his ማስቀመጥ process as efficient as possible. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 18  Next is to get everything cleaned and functioning properly. Seiso Shine The goal is to remove all the dirt and the ማፅዳት grime and to keep it that way on daily basis. You want to get it clean and keep it clean Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 19  The fourth step is to develop a routine for sorting, setting and shining. Seiketsu Standardize creates a system of tasks and Standardize procedures that will ensure that the ማላመድ principles of 5S are performed on a daily basis. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 20  In the last step, you want to create a culture that will follow the steps on a daily basis. Shitsuke The chief objective of sustain is to give your Sustain staff the commitment and motivation to ማስቀጠል follow each step, day in and day out. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 21  Relationship between 5S and Kaizen A. Foundation for Continuous Improvement:  5S, a methodology focused on workplace organization and efficiency, lays the groundwork for improvement by creating a clean, organized, and safe work environment.  Kaizen, on the other hand, is a philosophy of continuous improvement that emphasizes making small, incremental changes over time. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 22  Cont.. B. Sustaining Improvement Gains:  5S helps sustain the gains achieved through continuous improvement efforts by ensuring that the workplace remains organized, efficient, and conducive to ongoing enhancements.  As employees engage in Kaizen activities to improve processes and products, the principles of 5S ensure that the workplace organization is maintained even as changes are implemented, thus supporting the sustainability of improvements over time. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 23  Cont.. C. Cultural Impact:  Both 5S and Kaizen foster a culture of continuous improvement within an organization.  While 5S encourages employees to constantly seek ways to enhance workplace organization, Kaizen motivates them to identify opportunities for process and product improvements. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 24  Overview of red tagging The Red-Tag Strategy is a simple method for identifying potentially unneeded items in the factory or workshop, evaluating their usefulness and dealing with them appropriately. An item with a red tag is asking three questions:  Is this item needed?  If it is needed, is it needed in this quantity?  If it is needed, does it need to be located here? Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 25  Steps/procedures in Red tagging  The red-tagging process in a department or work area can be broken down into seven steps. Step 1: Launch the red-tag project. Step 2: Identify the red-tag targets. Step 3: Set red-tag criteria. Step 4: Make red tags. Step 5: Attach red tags. Step 6: Evaluate red-tagged items. Step 7: Document the results of red-tagging Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 26  Raw materials, procured parts, processing parts, in-process inventory, assembly parts, semi finished products, finished products Inventory Type of items Machine, equipment, jigs, tools, cutting bits, gauges, dies, carts, conveyance Red tag tools, worktables, cabinets, desks, target chairs, supplies Physical areas Equipment Floors, walkways, operation areas, walls, shelves, warehouse Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 27  Workplace layout optimization Flow Analysis: Zone Segregation:  Analyze the flow of work within the  Divide the workspace into zones workspace to identify inefficiencies based on the type of work being or bottlenecks. performed or the frequency of  Observe how materials and workers use. move through the space and look  This allows for better for opportunities to streamline organization and prevents processes. congestion by keeping similar activities grouped together Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 28  Cont.. Ergonomic Considerations: Flexibility and Adaptability:  Design workstations and layouts  Create layouts that can be easily with ergonomics in mind to adjusted or reconfigured to minimize strain and fatigue on accommodate changes in workers. workflow or production  Ensure that tools and materials requirements. are easily accessible without  This may involve using modular requiring excessive reaching or furniture or mobile workstations bending. that can be rearranged as needed. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 29  Cont.. Safety Compliance:  Ensure that the layout adheres to safety regulations and guidelines, with clear pathways for movement and adequate space around machinery and equipment.  Regularly review and update the layout to address any new safety concerns or hazards. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 30  Implementing and Sustaining 5S in the Workplace  Implementing and sustaining 5S in the workplace involves a systematic approach to organization, cleanliness, and efficiency. Here's a breakdown of key steps:  Set Objectives: Step 1 : Initial Assessment and Planning Define clear objectives and targets for 5S implementation, aligning them with organizational goals and priorities.  Assess Current State:  Create Implementation Plan: Evaluate the current workplace conditions, identify areas for improvement, and Develop a detailed plan outlining specific task, determine the scope of the 5S timelines, resource requirements, and implementation. responsibilities for each stage of the 5S process. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 31  Cont.. Step 2: Training and Education  Employee Training  Leadership Engagement Provide comprehensive training to all Ensure active involvement and support employees on the principles, benefits, and from organizational leaders to champion techniques of 5S. the 5S initiative and promote employee buy-in.  Hands-on Workshops Conduct hands-on workshops and simulations to reinforce learning and demonstrate practical application of 5S concepts. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 32  Cont.. Step 3 : Implementing 5S Stages  Sort: Identify and remove unnecessary items from the workplace, categorizing items as necessary or unnecessary based on their value and frequency of  Standardize: use. Develop standardized work procedures and visual controls to sustain the gains achieved through  Set in Order: Sort, Set in Order, and Shine stages. Organize remaining items in a systematic manner, assigning  Sustain: designated locations for storage and Implement mechanisms to sustain the 5S practices ensuring easy accessibility. over the long term, including regular audits, performance  Shine: monitoring, and continuous Establish cleaning routines and procedures to improvement initiatives. maintain cleanliness and orderliness in the workplace, promoting a safe and hygienic environment. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 33  Cont.. Step 4 : Monitoring and Step 5 : Recognition and Continuous Improvement Reward Systems  Regular Audits:  Recognition Programs: Conduct periodic audits to assess adherence to Implement recognition programs to acknowledge 5S standards, identify areas of non-compliance, and reward individuals or teams for their and track progress over time. contributions to 5S adherence and improvement initiatives.  Feedback Mechanisms:  Incentives: Solicit feedback from employees on the Offer incentives such as bonuses, certificates, or effectiveness of 5S practices and opportunities extra time off to motivate employees to actively for improvement. participate in 5S activities.  Kaizen Events:  Peer Recognition: Organize Kaizen events to facilitate continuous Foster a culture of peer recognition where improvement efforts, encouraging cross- employees acknowledge and appreciate each functional collaboration and problem-solving. other's efforts in maintaining a clean and organized workplace. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 34  Cont.. Step 6 : Documentation and Communication  Documentation:  Communication Channels: Maintain comprehensive Establish effective documentation of 5S procedures, communication standards, audit results, and channels to disseminate improvement initiatives for information, updates, and best reference and future training. practices related to 5S implementation across the organization. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 35  Strategies for Overcoming Challenges in Sustaining 5S Practices  Leadership Commitment Secure commitment and support from  Feedback Mechanisms organizational leaders to prioritize and sustain 5S practices, allocating Establish feedback mechanisms resources and providing visible for employees to report issues, leadership. suggest improvements, and participate in problem-solving  Employee Engagement related to 5S practices. Foster employee ownership and accountability for 5S practices through  Regular Audits and Inspections involvement in decision-making, training, and recognition programs. Conduct regular audits and  Continuous Training inspections to assess compliance Provide ongoing training and with 5S standards, identify areas reinforcement of 5S principles to for improvement, and track ensure employees understand their progress over time. roles and responsibilities in maintaining a clean and organized workplace. Haftom Hailu (AHSp.) 36  MODULE IV FIRST AID UNIT 1 Recognizing First Aid Definition First aid is the care given when an accident or sudden illness occurs or immediate care given to a person who has been injured until taken to health facilities. First Aid should be providing properly and timely. Requires The ability to quickly and effectively recognize a client's condition. Benefits Increase the likelihood of a successful outcome by using effective assessment skills to prioritize actions, identify potentially life- threatening conditions, and start appropriate care.  Concepts of First Aid To preserve life, prevent further harm, Primary Goal and promote recovery. First aid is not a substitute for professional medical care, but it plays a vital role in providing immediate support in emergency situations. It is important to remember that every second counts, and your quick actions can significantly impact the outcome for the injured or ill person.  Key aspects of first aid  Assessing the Situation: The first step in providing first aid is to assess the situation and ensure your safety as well as the safety of others. Identify any potential hazards or dangers before approaching the injured or ill person.  Ensuring ABC: The "ABC" of first aid stands for Airway, Breathing, and Circulation.  Checking for an open airway, ensuring the person is breathing,  Assessing their circulation (pulse). If any of these are compromised, appropriate actions such as clearing the airway or performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation may be necessary.  Cont..  Calling for Help: If the situation is serious or beyond your ability to handle, call the emergency services or ask someone nearby to do so. Professional medical assistance is crucial in severe cases.  Providing Basic Life Support: Basic life support techniques, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation are used to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation when a person's heart or breathing has stopped. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation involves chest compression and rescue breaths.  Cont..  Managing Bleeding and Wounds: Controlling bleeding is important to prevent excessive blood loss. Techniques such as applying direct pressure, elevating the injured area, and using pressure dressings can help manage bleeding. Cleaning and dressing wounds properly can reduce the risk of infection.  Handling Fractures and Sprains: Immobilizing fractures and supporting sprained joints help prevent further injury. Techniques like splinting and applying ice packs can aid in reducing pain and swelling.  Cont..  Dealing with Burns and Scalds: First aid for burns involves cooling the affected area with cool running water, covering the burn with a clean cloth, and seeking medical attention for severe burns.  Recognizing and Responding to Medical Emergencies: First aid also includes recognizing signs and symptoms of medical emergencies such as heart attacks, strokes, seizures, allergic reactions, and providing appropriate initial care until professional help arrives.  Providing Emotional Support: Offering reassurance, comfort, and staying calm can greatly help individuals in distress. Ensuring their emotional well-being is an important part of first aid.  Five General Steps 1. Assess the surrounding areas 2. Move to safe surrounding (if not already. Example: road accidents are unsafe to be dealt with on roads). 3. Call for help. (Both professional medical help and people nearby who might help in first aid such as giving compression during CPR).  Cont… 4. Perform suitable first aid depending on the injury suffered by the casualty. 5. Evaluate your casualty for any fatal signs or danger, or possibility of performing the first aid again. Reasons for first aid giving To sustain (preserve) life. E.g. mouth to mouth respiration when breathing has stopped. To prevent worsening of the problem (complication). E.g. Immobilizing the fractured bone. To promote healing and recovery. E.g., reassure the patient, relief pain, protect from cold and arrange patient transfer 46