Gr10-Physics-Week 2-Day 1-Term1-24-25.pptx

GRADE 10 PHYSICS Term 1 WEEK 2,Day 1 MODULE 7 :GRAVITATION ​LESSON 1:PLANETARY MOTION AND GRAVITATION McGraw Hill Inspire Physics Textbook PAGES :162-164  Term 1 : Physics Units...

GRADE 10 PHYSICS Term 1 WEEK 2,Day 1 MODULE 7 :GRAVITATION ​LESSON 1:PLANETARY MOTION AND GRAVITATION McGraw Hill Inspire Physics Textbook PAGES :162-164  Term 1 : Physics Units Modules and Lessons- ​ Unit 2- Module 7 - Gravitation Lesson 1. Planetary Motion and Gravitation Lesson 2. Using the law of Universal Gravitation. Unit 2 -Module 8- Rotational Motion Lesson 1. Rotational Dynamics. Lesson 2. Equilibrium Unit 3 -Module 11- Thermal Energy Lesson 1. Temperature, Heat and Thermal Energy. Lesson 2. Changes of State and Thermodynamics.  NGSS Standard Science and Engineering Practices: HS-PS2-B Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system Disciplinary Core Ideas: HS-PS2-4. Using mathematical or computational representation of Newton’s law of gravitation and coulomb’s law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects. HS-ESS1-4. Using mathematical or computational representation to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system. Crosscutting Concepts: Systems and System Models: When investigating or describing a system, the boundaries and initial conditions of the system need to be defined. (HS-PS2-2) LEARNING INTENTION We are learning to explore the Kepler’s law within the planets to Space. 3  SUCCESS CRITERIA  ACPC : We can explore principles governing motion in space, including Newton's laws of motion, Kepler's laws of planetary motion. (Power L) VAA’s: We can work independently and alone to explain Kepler's laws of planetary motion. (Power A) Grade 11 Physics-Chapter 08-Lesson 8.1- Fluid Mechanics-Textbook page: 272-277 4  Focus Question What role does gravity play in planetary motion?  New Vocabulary Orbit Revolution Measuremen tFocus Motion Trajectory Gravitation  ACTIVATE PRIOR KNOWLEDGE What is Gravity? Name two factors which determine whether a planet has an atmosphere or not ? Review Vocabulary Review Vocabulary  Planetary Motion In ancient times, the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars were assumed to revolve around Earth. Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish astronomer, noticed that the movements of planets did not fully agree with the Earth- centered model. The results of his many years of work were published in 1543, when Copernicus was on his deathbed. His book showed that the motion of planets is much more easily understood by assuming that Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun. His model helped explain phenomena such as the inner planets Mercury and Venus always appearing near the Sun. Copernicus's view advanced our understanding of planetary motion. Tycho Brahe was born a few years after Copernicus died. Tycho studied astronomy  Planetary Motion Tycho Brahe realized that the charts of the time did not accurately predict astronomical events. He recognized that measurements were required from one location over a long period of time. Tycho was granted an estate on the Danish island of Hven and the funding to build an early research institute. Telescopes had not been invented, so to make measurements, Tycho used huge instruments that he designed and built in his own shop, like those shown in Figure 1. Tycho is credited with the most accurate measurements of the time.  WATCH AND EXPLORE Introductory Video KEPLER’S LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION  Kepler’s Laws Kepler's Laws In 1600 Tycho moved to Prague where Johannes Kepler, a 29-year-old German, became one of his assistants. Kepler analyzed Tycho's observations. After Tycho's death in 1601, Kepler continued to study Tycho's data and used geometry and mathematics to explain the motion of the planets. After seven years of careful analysis of Tycho's data on Mars, Kepler discovered the laws that describe the motion of every planet and satellite, natural or artificial. Here, the laws are presented in terms of planets. Kepler's first law states that the paths of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus. An ellipse has two foci, as shown in Figure 2. Although exaggerated ellipses are used in the diagrams, Earth's actual orbit is very nearly circular. You would not be able to distinguish it from a circle visually.  KEPLER’S LAWS Kepler found that orbits might change due to gravitational effects from, or collisions with, other objects in the solar system. He also found that the planets move faster when they are closer to the Sun and slower when they are farther away from the Sun. Kepler's second law states that an imaginary line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals, as illustrated in Figure 3.  Kepler’s Laws Kepler's Laws A period is the time it takes for one revolution of an orbiting body. Kepler also discovered a mathematical relationship between periods of planets and their mean distances away from the Sun. Kepler's third law states that the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving about the Sun is equal to the cube of the ratio of their average distances from the Sun. Thus, if the periods of the planets are TA and Ta and their average distances from the Sun are A and B, Kepler's third law can be expressed as follows.  Kepler's Third Law The square of the ratio of the period of planet A to the period of planet B is equal to the cube of the ratio of the distance between the centers of planet A and the Sun to the distance between the centers of planet B and the Sun. Note that Kepler's first two laws apply to each planet, moon, and satellite individually. The third law, however, relates the motion of two objects around a single body. For example, it can be used to compare the planets' distances from the Sun. QUICK QUIZ QUICK QUIZ  PRACTICE. PRACTICE Open inspire physics book , Read page no 162-163,complete the given blank. Open inspire physics book , Read page no 162-163,complete the given blank. Answer the below activities to practice in your Physics copy book. 1) What are Kepler’s First and Second Law? 2)Which law relates the motion of two objects around a single body and compare the planets' distances from the Sun.