Reviewer Physics Review PDF

**I. Types of Terrestrial Motion** The Greek philosophers sought answers about motion. Their ideas, especially those of Aristotle, dominated the understanding of motion for centuries because they were based on logical reasoning and observation. **Aristotle** - - **Types of Realms** 1. -...

**I. Types of Terrestrial Motion** The Greek philosophers sought answers about motion. Their ideas, especially those of Aristotle, dominated the understanding of motion for centuries because they were based on logical reasoning and observation. **Aristotle** - - **Types of Realms** 1. - - 2. - - **Types of Terrestrial Motion** 1. - 2. - - 3. - - **Impact of Galileo Galilei:** - **Summary**: Aristotelian mechanics divides terrestrial motion into three types: 1. 2. 3. **II. Ancient Greek Observations of Earth\'s Shape** The ancient Greeks, through careful observation and reasoning, deduced the Earth\'s spherical shape and even estimated its size with surprising accuracy. **Evidence from Lunar Eclipses** - - - - - - **Eratosthenes\' Measurement of Earth\'s Circumference** - 1. 2. - - - - **Pre-Telescope Astronomical Observations** 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - **Diurnal and Annual Motion** - 1. - 2. - **The Zodiac and Ecliptic** - - - - - - **Equinoxes, Solstices, and Precession** 1. - 2. - 3. - - **Understanding Eclipses** - - - - - **Early Models of the Universe** 1. - 2. - 3. - **III. Ancient Proofs of Earth\'s Spherical Shape** **Anaxagoras' Observations** - - **Aristotle's Evidence** 1. - 2. - 3. - **Eratosthenes' Calculation** - **IV. Before the Discovery** Astronomers observed and documented celestial events long before telescopes were invented. **Key Observations** 1. - - 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. - 6. - 7. - **Occultations** - - **\ V. Models of Astronomical Phenomena** **Ptolemaic Model (Geocentric):** - - - **Copernican Model (Heliocentric):** - - - **Tychonic Model (Geo-heliocentric):** - - - **VI. Galileo's Groundbreaking Discoveries and Their Impact on the Ptolemaic Model** **The Telescope:** - - **Key Discoveries:** 1. - - 2. - 3. - - 4. - - 5. - **Impact:** - - **VII. Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler: The Path to the Laws of Planetary Motion** **Tycho Brahe:** - - - **Johannes Kepler:** - 1. - 2. - 3. - **VIII. Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion** 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - - **Legacy:** - **\ \ \ \ \ IX. Concept of Motion** **Vertical Motion:** - - - - - **Horizontal Motion:** - - - - **Projectile Motion:** - - - - **X. Newton's Three Laws of Motion** 1. - 2. - - 3. - - **XI. Galileo's Observations** **Inclined Planes:** - - **Thought Experiments:** - **Vacuum:** - **Key Inferences:** 1. - 2. -