Violence, Ceasefire, Peacekeeping, Mediation PDF

## Violence According to the World Health Organisation, violence is the premeditated use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological h...

## Violence According to the World Health Organisation, violence is the premeditated use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, or dispossession. Generally, whatever thing done in a deleterious or damaging way may be termed as violent even if not meant to be violence (by a person and against a person). ## Ceasefire A bilateral or multilateral pause in all aggressive military actions among parties involved in war, guerrilla warfare, or violent exchanges with one another. Cease-fires sometimes lead to steady or long-lasting military or political settlements, but they plainly target to reduce tensions and life-threatening damages while providing prospects for the encouragement of other practices of conflict resolution or management efforts. ## Peacemaking Peacemaking is the course of building a settlement between disputing parties. This could be done through dialogues with just the two disputants, it is often also done with a third-party mediator, who assists with process and communication problems, and helps the parties work effectively together to draft a workable peace accord. Usually the negotiators are official diplomats, although citizens are getting involved in the peacemaking process more and more. While they do not negotiate final accords, citizen diplomacy is becoming an increasingly common way to start the peacemaking process, which is then finalized with official diplomatic efforts. ## Peace Enforcement Operations undertaken to end military or violent exchanges or acts of aggression, with or without the consent of one or more parties to the conflict, to create a permanent and viable environment and guarantees for such conditions. Peace enforcement is typically associated with the employment of military forces in order minimally to generate 'negative peace', or the absence of violent conflict engagement. Image of a UN soldier aiming a weapon while guarding a vehicle. A general set of objectives for such an operation may include the following: * Forcible compliance of ceasefires * Separation of belligerents * Isolation of a particular party or parties to the conflict * Establishment of buffer zones or safe havens * Decommissioning of arms and demobilisation of combatants * Protection of human rights * Assistance with humanitarian aid ## Peacebuilding Policies, programs, and associated efforts to restore stability and the effectiveness of social, political, and economic institutions and structures in the wake of a war or some other debilitating or catastrophic event. Peace building generally aims to create and ensure the conditions for 'negative peace', the mere absence of violent conflict engagement, and for 'positive peace', a more comprehensive understanding related to the institutionalisation of justice and freedom. ## Peace Mediation Peace mediation is "a voluntary process whereby a third party assists two or more parties, with their consent, to prevent, manage or resolve a conflict by helping them to develop mutually acceptable agreements." (UN Guidance for Effective Mediation, 2012) The term mediation support refers to the professional (e.g. methodological, operative) support of mediators or teams of mediators and parties to a conflict in mediative conciliation processes Image showing different groups of diplomats in various meetings ## Peacekeeping The maintenance of public security, civil services, and cease-fire agreements in war and conflict zones by UN or regional military, police, and civilian forces with the consent of the nation-state on whose territory these forces are deployed. Peacekeeping involves co-ordinated efforts to ensure stability and relative normalcy in the aftermath of otherwise extremely volatile and chaotic situations. The extended goal is to create conditions conducive to establishing lasting political settlements. Image of a woman in military attire embraced by surrounding civilians.