Gluteal Region & Back of Thigh Anatomy PDF

C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ Prof. Mujahid Khan ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0 C o ll e g e o List the groups of Glutei muscles and other small muscles f M (Lateral Rotators) e Identify the origin, insertion,...

C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ Prof. Mujahid Khan ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0 C o ll e g e o List the groups of Glutei muscles and other small muscles f M (Lateral Rotators) e Identify the origin, insertion, action, innervations & blood d ic supply of the gluteal muscles i n Identify the foramina and structures passing through them as : e Greater Sciatic – ‫ك‬ Foramen. Lesser Sciatic Foramen ‫ ل‬ Describe the back of thigh regarding origin, insertion, action, ‫ية‬ innervation and blood supply of Hamstring muscles ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  The primary function of the lower limbs is to support the weight of the body dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Loading… Provide a stable foundation in standing, walking and running The lower limb is divided into the gluteal region, the thigh, the knee, the leg, the ankle, and the foot  The gluteal region or buttock is bounded superiorly by the iliac crest and inferiorly by the fold of the buttock The region is largely made up of the gluteal muscles and a thick layer of superficial fascia The cutaneous nerves are derived from posterior and anterior rami of spinal nerves ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  On the lateral surface of the thigh, the fascia is thickened to form a strong wide band called iliotibial tract Loading… The iliotibial tract forms a sheath for the tensor fasciae latae muscle and receives the greater part of the insertion of the gluteus maximus ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0 C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ C o ll e g e o f M e The ilium, ischium and pubis form the hip bone d ic i They meet one another at the acetabulum n e – The hip bones articulate with the sacrum at the sacroiliac ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ joints and form the anterolateral walls of the pelvis ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ They also articulate with one another anteriorly at the ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ symphysis pubis ‫ب‬ ‫كلية الطب – ‪dicine‬‬  The greater and lesser sciatic notches are converted into greater and lesser sciatic foramina by the presence of the dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Sacrospinous ligament Sacrotuberous ligaments C o ll e g e o f M e Sacrotuberous ligament connects the back of the sacrum to d the ischial tuberosity ic i n e Sacrospinous ligament connects the back of the sacrum to the – spine of the ischium ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ية‬ Two important foramina in the gluteal region are the greater ‫ا‬ sciatic foramen and the lesser sciatic foramen ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ C o ll e g e o f M e d ic Loading… i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Following structures exit the greater sciatic foramen Piriformis dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Sciatic nerve Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh Superior and inferior gluteal nerves Nerves to the obturator internus and quadratus femoris Pudendal nerve Superior and inferior gluteal arteries and veins Internal pudendal artery and vein C o ll e g e o f M e Following structures pass through lesser sciatic foramen d ic i n Tendon of obturator internus muscle e – Nerve to obturator internus ‫ ك‬ Pudendal nerve ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Internal pudendal artery and vein ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Origin: Outer surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Insertion: Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur Nerve Supply: Inferior gluteal nerve Action: Extends and laterally rotates hip joint, through iliotibial tract it extends knee joint ‫كلية الطب – ‪dicine‬‬ C o ll e g e o f M e Origin: Outer surface of ilium d ic i Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur n e – ‫ك‬ Nerve Supply: Superior gluteal nerve ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Action: Abducts thigh at hip joint, tilts pelvis when walking ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ to permit opposite leg to clear ground ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Origin: Outer surface of ilium Insertion: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Nerve Supply: Superior gluteal nerve Action: Abducts thigh at hip joint, tilts pelvis when walking to permit opposite leg to clear ground C o ll e g e o f M e Origin: Iliac crest d ic i Insertion: Iliotibial tract n e – ‫ك‬ Nerve Supply: Superior gluteal nerve ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Action: Assists gluteus maximus in extending the knee joint ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum Insertion: Upper border of greater trochanter of femur dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Nerve Supply: First and second sacral nerves Action: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint ‫كلية الطب – ‪dicine‬‬ C o ll e g e o f M e Origin: Inner surface of obturator membrane d ic i Insertion: Upper border of greater trochanter of femur n e – ‫ك‬ Nerve Supply: Sacral plexus ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Action: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Origin: Spine of ischium Insertion: Upper border of greater trochanter of femur dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Nerve Supply: Sacral plexus (L5, S1) Action: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint C o ll e g e o f M e Origin: Ischial tuberosity d ic i Insertion: Upper border of greater trochanter of femur n e – ‫ك‬ Nerve Supply: Sacral plexus (L5, S1) ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ Action: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Origin: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity Insertion: Quadrate tubercle of femur dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Nerve Supply: Sacral plexus (L5, S1) Action: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint C o ll e g e o f Sciatic nerve is a branch of the sacral plexus (L4, 5 and S1, 2, M e 3) d ic i Emerges from the pelvis through the lower part of the greater n sciatic foramen e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ It is the largest nerve in the body and consists of the tibial and ‫ية‬ common peroneal nerves bound together with fascia ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ط‬ It is related posteriorly to the posterior cutaneous nerve of the ‫ب‬ thigh and the gluteus maximus ‫قرر‬$‫ – اسم ورقم ا‬Course Name and No. 0  Muscles: Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and a small part of the adductor magnus dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Loading… Blood Supply: Branches of the profunda femoris artery Nerve Supply: Sciatic Nerve C o ll e g e o Origin: The long head from the ischial tuberosity f M e Short head from the linea aspera and the lateral supracondylar d ridge of the shaft of the femur ic i n Insertion: Two heads unite just above the knee joint and insert e into the head of the fibula – ‫ك‬ ‫ ل‬ Nerve Supply: Long head by the tibial part of the sciatic, short ‫ية‬ head by the common peroneal part of sciatic ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ Action: Flexes and laterally rotates the leg at the knee joint, ‫ط‬ long head extends the thigh at the hip joint ‫ب‬ ‫كلية الطب – ‪dicine‬‬  Origin: From the ischial tuberosity Insertion: By a long tendon into the upper part of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Nerve Supply: The tibial portion of sciatic nerve Action: Flexes and medially rotates the leg at the knee, extends the thigh at the hip joint C o ll e g e o f Origin: From the ischial tuberosity M e d Insertion: Into the posteromedial surface of the ic i medial condyle of the tibia n e – It sends a fibrous expansion on the back of the knee ‫ك‬ joint called oblique popliteal ligament ‫ل‬ ‫ ية‬ Nerve Supply: Tibial part of the sciatic nerve ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ط‬ Action: Flexes and medially rotates the leg at the ‫ب‬ knee joint, extends thigh at the hip joint  Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Adductor tubercle of femur dicine – ‫كلية الطب‬ Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve Action: Extends thigh at hip joint C o ll e g e o f M e The four perforating branches of the profunda femoris d ic artery provide a rich blood supply to this compartment i n e The profunda femoris vein drains the greater part of the – ‫ك‬ blood from the compartment ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ C o ll e g e o f M e d ic i n e – ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ب‬  Gray's Anatomy for Students, Fourth edition Snell Clinical Anatomy, Ninth edition dicine – Clinically ‫كلية الطب‬ Oriented Anatomy , Keith L. Moore- Seventh edition Netter’s Clinical Anatomy, Second edition 0 ‫كلية الطب – ‪dicine‬‬