Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness PDF

1  2 Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness Rida e noor M.phil optometry Lecturer DOVS-FAHS The University of Lahore  3 Oncho...

1  2 Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness Rida e noor M.phil optometry Lecturer DOVS-FAHS The University of Lahore  3 Onchocerciasis 0.7%  Present situation: » endemic in 37 countries – Africa: 30 – Latin America: 6 (few foci) – Asia: 1 (Yemen) » 17 million people infected with O. volvulus » 0.3 - 0.6 million blind  4 Onchocerciasis  Strategies: » implementation of control programs in all endemic countries » community-directed ivermectin distribution » surveillance systems Onchocerciasis under control by 2010  5 Onchocerciasis control programmes OCP APOC OEPA  6 Childhood blindness  Present situation: » 1.5 million blind children in the world – Asia: 1 million – Africa: 0.3 million » 5 million visually disabled  7 Childhood blindness  Causes: » vary from place to place more developed / less developed countries urban / remote areas » change over time socio-economic development  8 Childhood blindness Everywhere: congenital cataract / glaucoma hereditary retinal diseases R.O.P R.O.P Measles Vitamin A deficiency R.O.P R.O.P  9 Childhood blindness  Challenges: » eliminate Vitamin A deficiency and measles blindness » control blindness from congenital cataract, glaucoma and retinopathy of prematurity  10 Childhood blindness  Strategies: » promotion of Primary Health Care appropriate nutrition, measles immunization, prevention of new-born conjunctivitis » development of paediatric eye services surgery, low-vision services  11 Refractive Errors and Low Vision  Challenges » refractive errors – magnitude not accurately known – varies from country to country » low vision – 35 million in need of low vision care – will rapidly escalate because of ageing  12 Refractive Errors and Low Vision  Goal: to make refractive and low vision services available and affordable  Strategies: » introduction of refractive services at the Primary Health care level » vision screening » local low-cost production of glasses and low vision optical devices  The Global Initiative for the 13 Elimination of Avoidable Blindness  Actions needed: » disease control and eye care, » human resource development, » provision of appropriate technology and infrastructures.  14 Human Resource - 1998 100 90 80 No. Ophthalmologists 70 per million population 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Russia WEur LatAm India VietN Africa  15 Human Resource Development  Greatest needs: Africa  Specific targets » 4-fold increase by 2020 Africa: 4 ophthalmologists per million population Asia: 20 ophthalmologists per million population  Major challenge: » equal distribution for urban / rural population  16 Human Resource Development 20 18 16 No. Ophthalmologists 14 per million population 12 10 Africa 8 Asia 6 4 2 0 1995 2000 2010 2020  17 Human Resource Development  Training of support staff: » Ophthalmic Medical Assistants » Ophthalmic Nurses » Refractionists  18 Human Resource Development  Management training » medical staff » paramedical staff  Technicians training » equipment maintenance » local production of eye drops and glasses  The Global Initiative for the 19 Elimination of Avoidable Blindness  Actions needed: » disease control and eye care, » human resource development, » provision of appropriate technology and infrastructures.  20 Technology and Infrastructures  Building eye care system » based on Primary Health Care » providing the best technology that can be afforded  Global initiative target: » availability » access to 90%+ population » utilisation  21 Technology and Infrastructures Global Initiative targets 100 % 90 population 80 70 60 Coverage 50 Utilization 40 Accessibility 30 Availability 20 10 0 2000 2010 2020  22 Technology and Infrastructures  Appropriate technology development » modern technology » local production whenever appropriate.  Main fields of interest: » instruments and consumables cataract/trichiasis surgery, basic eye examination » glasses and other optical devices, » communication systems  23 Technology and Infrastructures  Other (major) challenges: » long term sustainability » productivity » motivation  24 Global Initiative  Direct economic cost of global blindness equivalent to US$ 25 billion  Prevention of blindness one of the most worthwhile public health and developmental interventions  25 Global Initiative  Presently: $75 million spent world-wide per year  Need of additional resources  $100 million per year 75% for cataract surgery, 20% for trachoma treatment  26 VISION 2020: Participants  In conjunction with the World Health Organization’s Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness, Vision 2020 participants include: UN agencies, governments, eye care organizations, health professionals, philanthropic institutions and individuals working together in a global partnership.  27 VISION 2020: Founding Members  International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness  Christoffel-Blindenmission (Christian Blind Mission International)  Helen Keller International  ORBIS International  Sight Savers International  28 VISION 2020:Supporting Members  Al Noor Foundation  Asian Foundation for the Prevention of Blindness  Foundation Dark & Light  The Fred Hollows Foundation  The International Eye Foundation  Lighthouse International  29 VISION 2020:Supporting Members  Nadi Al Bassar: North African Centre for Sight and Visual Science  Operation Eyesight Universal  O.P.C.: Organisation pour la Prévention de la Cécité  Perkins School for the Blind  Seva Foundation  SIMAVI  World Blind Union  30 VISION 2020: Mission “ The mission is to eliminate the main causes of blindness in order to give all people in the world, particularly the millions of needlessly blind, the right to sight.” 31