Digestive Tract Review: Oral Cavity, Pharynx & Esophagus - PDF
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This document is a review of the human digestive tract. The review covers surface anatomy of the abdominopelvic regions, major organs of the digestive tract, the four phases of swallowing and the functions for digestion. The content includes diagrams and notes on the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus.
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SURFACE ANATOMY goriguing 1. R...
SURFACE ANATOMY goriguing 1. R hypochondriac region. 7 R iliac region I z 3. 2 Epigastric region. 8 Hypogastric region 3 L hypochondriac region. Liliac 9 6. region 45 4. R lumbar region T g 9 5. Umbilical region. 6 L lumbar region DIGESTIVE TRACT MAIN ORGANS 1. ORAL CAVITY (think of it like a room roof -> hard & soft palate floor > - thin & vascular layer of mucosa supported by geniohyoid & mylohyoid muscles (tongue resting on it) L has stratified squamous epithelium cheratinised Il present at areas w/high wear & tear ; eg hard palate. vs. non-keratinised sSE ; areas w/ low weard tear lateral walks > - supported by pads of fat & buccinator muscle 3 frenulums : 1. lingual franulum 2. frenulum of lower lip 3. frenulum of upper lip month > - stomach (4 phases 1 Buccal phase : compression of bolus against hard palate · · nasopharynx sealed by soft palate · bolus enters oropharynx pharyngeal phase : c elevationoflaun 3 directoStatis 3 Esophageal phase · peristalis : contraction & relaxation of esophagus ; pushes food down 4 Bolus enters stomach approach of bolus triggers opening of lower esophageal · sphincter functions : 1) Taste 2) Grinding of food (action of teeth , tongue palatal surfaces) , 3) Lubrication (mixing mucus w/ saliva 4) Limited digestion of carbs & lipids * achieved together with teeth , tongue , salivary gland submandibular parotid sublingual. PHARYNX 2 common passageway for solid food , liquid , ar divided into laryngopharynx lined / stratified oropharynx 3 squamous epithelium nasopharynx (non-keratinised) LAYERS OF DIGESTIVE TRACT 1) Mucosa inner · mucosal epithelium lamina propria · · muscularis mucosal 2) submucosa ↳ contains artery a vein outer 3) muscularis externa · circular muscle layer (inner) · longitudinal muscle layer Conter) 4) serosa space btw visceral & parietal * serosa vs adventitia peritoneum 1 11 serosa covers GT parts in peritoneal cavity W · formed bu adventitia covers GIT parts NOT in peritoneal carity visceral peritoneum & covers S I org and parietal peritoneum when extends over abdominal wall peritoneum = covers most parts of tract. ESOPHAGUS 3 muscular tube G for peristalsis to occur always collapsed unless food passing through PostTo trachera column opening btw esophagus & stomach controlled bu lower esophageal sphincter < found & gastro-esophageal junction 1) stratified squamous epithelium 2) lamina propria 3) muscularis mucoade
