GIT 2. Antibacterials PDF
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Uploaded by FortunateBasil2721
The University of Sydney
Dr Brooke Storey-Lewis
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Summary
This presentation discusses antimicrobials for gastrointestinal tract infections, specifically focusing on antibacterial drugs like fluoroquinolones and vancomycin. It covers the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic properties, adverse effects, and contraindications. The presentation also provides insights into the learning outcomes related to the treatment of infections of the gastrointestinal tract. The material is suitable for a postgraduate or advanced medical setting.
Full Transcript
Antimicrobials for GIT infections 2. Antibacterials Presented by Dr Brooke Storey-Lewis Discipline of Pharmacology Learning outcomes Identify antibacterial drugs used in the treatment of infections of the gastrointestinal tract Describe the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones such as cip...
Antimicrobials for GIT infections 2. Antibacterials Presented by Dr Brooke Storey-Lewis Discipline of Pharmacology Learning outcomes Identify antibacterial drugs used in the treatment of infections of the gastrointestinal tract Describe the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin Describe the mechanism of action of glycopeptides such as vancomycin Describe pharmacokinetic considerations for the use of fluoroquinolones and glycopeptides Describe adverse effects and contraindications for the use of fluoroquinolones and glycopeptides Mechanism of action Pharmacokinetic considerations Fluoroquinolones High bioavailability (80-95%) Absorption impaired by antacids, dairy (i.e. Ca2+, Mg2+ etc) Renal excretion – tubular/glomerular Adjust dose in renal impairment Adverse effects & contraindications Fluoroquinolones Dizziness, faintness Hypersensitivity Neurotoxicity: peripheral neuropathy Increased seizure risk Avoid in myasthenia gravis: worsen muscle weakness Tendon damage e.g. rupture of Achilles tendon Interactions Ciprofloxacin inhibits CYP1A2, e.g. increases theophylline (narrow therapeutic window) Mechanism of action Pharmacokinetic considerations Vancomycin Poor absorption Ideal for targeting C. difficile, Absorption increased in inflammatory GI conditions Renal excretion (glomerular) if absorbed Accumulation in renal impairment Adverse effects & contraindications Vancomycin GI disturbance Hypersensitivity Nephrotoxicity: reduce dose interval and/or dose in renal impairment Ototoxicity: dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus Nephro & ototoxicity more likely when combined with other high risk drugs, e.g. aminoglycoside antibiotics Concentration monitoring Infusion reaction: “red man syndrome” - histamine
