GIMENO-SCIENCE-ELECTIVE-10.docx

**Kreiza Marie D. Gimeno Grade 10 - Krypton** 1. **Light Emitting Diode (LED)** **Uses:** Used for the illumination of buildings as well as traffic lights, and street lights. **Applications:** The applications...

**Kreiza Marie D. Gimeno Grade 10 - Krypton** 1. **Light Emitting Diode (LED)** **Uses:** Used for the illumination of buildings as well as traffic lights, and street lights. **Applications:** The applications of LED are traffic signals, automotive headlamps, in medical devices, camera flashes, etc. 2. **Diode** **Uses:** Used as rectifiers, signal limiters, voltage regulators, switches, signal modulators, signal mixers, signal demodulators, and oscillators. **Applications:** Used in rectifiers, signal demodulation, voltage clamping, and protection circuits.  3. **Inductive Proximity Sensor** **Uses**: Identifies metallic objects without making physical contact. **Applications**: Used in automation and control systems, manufacturing machinery, robotics, and safety systems.  4. **Capacitor** **Uses:** Stores and releases electrical energy, filters signals by blocking direct current (DC) while allowing alternating current (AC) to pass, and stabilizes voltage and power flow. **Applications**: Electromagnetic forming, pulsed lasers, particle accelerators, power supply filtering, signal coupling and decoupling, timing applications, and in tuning resonant circuits.  5. **Ground** **Uses:** Serves as a safety valve by eliminating excess or undesirable electricity from the home. **Applications:** Essential in all circuits for providing a stable voltage reference and safety. 6. **Switch (SPDT)** **Uses**: Switches the connection between two different circuits. **Applications**: Used in selector switches, changeover circuits, and in devices requiring selection between two option.  7. **Resistor** **Uses:** Used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines. **Applications:** Used in virtually all electronic circuits for controlling current flow, in voltage divider circuits, as pull-up or pull-down resistors in digital circuits, and in biasing transistors.  8. **Microcontroller** **Uses**: It functions as the brain of a system, executing programmed instructions to perform specific tasks. **Applications**: Used in embedded systems, consumer electronics, automotive control systems, and industrial automation. 9. **Switch (SPST)** **Uses:** Opens or closes a circuit to control the flow of electricity. **Applications:** Used in power control, user interfaces (like on/off switches), and in devices where simple circuit control is needed. 10. **Transistor** **Uses:** It serves as a switch or amplifier; can amplify weak signals or control large currents. **Applications:** Used in amplifiers, digital logic circuits, switching power supplies, signal modulation, etc. 11. **Transformer** **Uses**: Transfers electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction, changing voltage and current levels. **Applications**: Used in power distribution, voltage regulation, impedance matching in communication systems, and isolation of circuits.  12. **Operational Amplifier** **Uses**: Amplifies voltage, can be configured for a variety of signal processing tasks. **Applications**: Used in analog signal processing, such as in amplifiers, filters, oscillators, and comparator circuits.  13. **Voltage Source** **Uses**: Provides a constant voltage for testing and powering circuits. **Applications**: Used in laboratory power supplies, battery systems, and as reference voltages in electronic circuits.  14. **Fuse** **Uses**: Protects circuits by melting and breaking the circuit when current exceeds a safe level. **Applications**: Used in electrical appliances, automotive systems, and power distribution to prevent damage from overcurrent conditions  15. **Current Source** **Uses**: Provides a constant current, regardless of the voltage across it. **Applications**: Used in testing, in precision applications like current-based sensors, and in LED driving circuits.  16. **Relay** **Uses**: Electrically controls a switch using a low-power signal, enabling control of high power circuits. **Applications**: Used in automation systems, motor control, protection systems, and in situations requiring electrical isolation between control and operating circuits.  17. **Potentiometer** **Uses**: Variable resistor used to adjust levels within a circuit. **Applications**: Used in volume controls, as tuning elements in circuits, for calibration, and as input devices.  18. **Crystal Oscillator** **Uses**: Provides a precise frequency reference by vibrating at a specific frequency. **Applications**: Used in clocks for timing in digital circuits, in communication systems, and in frequency synthesis.  19. **Battery** **Uses:** It is used to power things. It can also provide a portable source of electrical energy. **Applications:** Used in portable electronic devices, backup power supplies, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems.  20. **Inductor** **Uses:** Used to store energy in the form of magnetic energy when electric current flows through it. **Applications:** Used in power supplies, radio frequency circuits (for tuning and filtering), transformers, and inductive sensors.