Electrical Circuits, Components, and Symbols Lecture PDF

Electrical Circuits, Components and Symbols  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities ...

Electrical Circuits, Components and Symbols  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Electrical Circuits DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electrical Circuits DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electrical Components DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electrical Symbols DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electronic Components DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electronic Symbols DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Any questions?  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Electric Charge  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Electric Charge Electron Proton Neutron Conductors Semi-conductors Insulators Designated with letter Q Unit: C (Coulomb) DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Any questions?  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Electric Current  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Definition of Electric Current Electric current is directional movement of electric charge The symbol for Electric Current is I. The unit is Ampere [A] which is equivalent to Coulomb per second [C/s] DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material  Electric Current Flowing Through Conductor Q = It DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  DC and AC Direct Current & Alternating Current When a current flows only in one direction, we say that we have direct current, abbreviated as DC. DC can be constant or time varying On the other hand, a current that changes direction with time, is called alternating current, abbreviated as AC. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Other Current Waveforms DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electric Current Exercise 1.1 DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electric Current Exercise 1.2 DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electric Current Exercise 1.3 DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Any questions?  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Direction of Current  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Direction of Electric Current DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Assumed and Actual Direction DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Assumed and Actual Direction Examples DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Any questions?  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Electric Voltage  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Definition of Electric Voltage Electric Voltage is a difference in electric potentials between two points The symbol for Electric Voltage is V The unit for voltage is Volt [V] DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electric Voltage Across an Element DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electric Voltage Between Two Points The potential difference between points A and B, ΔV = VB – VA , defined to be the change in potential energy of a charge q moved from A to B, is equal to the change in potential energy divided by the charge, Potential difference is commonly called voltage, represented by the symbol ΔV or often just V. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  DC and AC Voltage DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Other Voltage Waveforms V(t) V(t) DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Any questions?  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Polarity of Voltage  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Polarity of Electric Voltage DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Assumed and Actual Polarity DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Assumed and Actual Polarity Examples DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Any questions?  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Ohm’s Law  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Resistance and Resistivity Materials in general have a characteristic behavior of resisting the flow of electric charge. This physical property, or ability to resist current, is known as resistance and is represented by the symbol R. Electrical resistivity is a measure of a material's property to oppose the flow of electric current. This is expressed in Ohm-meters (Ω⋅m). The symbol of resistivity is usually the Greek letter ρ (rho). A high resistivity means that a material does not conduct electric charge well. Conductors have low resistivity. Insulators have high resistivity. How about Semiconductors? DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Conductance and Conductivity Conductance is an expression of the ease with which electric current flows through materials like metals and nonmetals. In equations, an uppercase letter G symbolizes conductance. The standard unit of conductance is siemens (S), formerly known as mho. Opposite of Resistance. Electrical conductivity (or specific conductance) is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a material's ability to conduct electric current. It is commonly signified by the Greek letter σ (sigma), DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Ohm’s Law Ohm’s law states that the voltage v across a resistor is directly proportional to the current i flowing through the resistor. Ohm defined the constant of proportionality for a resistor to be the resistance, R. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Ohm’s Law Example The voltage across the resistor is the same as the source voltage (30 V) because the resistor and the voltage source are connected to the same pair of terminals. Hence, according to Ohm’s law: In the circuit shown in Figure, calculate the V = iR current i, and the conductance G. An electric circuit is The conductance is an interconnection of electrical elements. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Any questions?  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Electric Power  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Definition of Electric Power Electric Power of a certain element in DC circuit is a product of: - Voltage across that element and - Current flowing through that element The symbol for Electric Power is P The unit for power is Watt [W] 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑉𝑉 ∙ 𝐼𝐼 DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electric Power in the Circuit Generator (Source) Transmission Line (Conductors) Load Source: OME Motors Keywords to look for:  Generated Transmitted  Consumed Supplied Distributed  Absorbed  Used  Produced  Spent Delivered  Dissipated DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Electric Power of an Element Source (delivers power) Load (absorbs power) Current flows out of the + sign Current flows into the + sign DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Active & Passive Power Sign Convention DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Instantaneous Power DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Constant vs Changing Quantities DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Any questions?  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities Electric Energy and Capacity of a Battery  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  Definition of Electric Energy Electric Energy dissipated on a certain element in DC circuit is a product of: - Power of dissipation on that element and - Time (or duration) of the dissipation The symbol for Electric Energy is W The unit for energy is Watt-second [Ws] Watt-second is same as Joule: 1Ws=1J 𝑊𝑊 = 𝑃𝑃 ∙ 𝑡𝑡 DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Energy when Power Changes in Time DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Capacity of a Battery Attributes of a battery: Voltage (V) Capacity (CW or CA) Capacity of a battery: Energy stored [Wh] Electric Charge stored [Ah] CW = CA ∙ V DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Exercise Question How many AAA size batteries will be needed to replace a standard car battery? DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Any questions?  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  System of Units and Prefixes  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  System of Units Symbol Quantity Unit Alternative unit Q Charge C (Coulomb) As (Ampere-second) I Current A (Ampere) C/s (Coulomb per second) V Voltage V (Volt) P Power W (Watt) VA (Volt-Ampere) W Energy Ws (Watt-second) J (Joule) 1 Wh = 3,600 Ws t Time s (second) h (hour) 1 h = 3,600 s R Resistance Ω (Ohm) V/A (Volt per Ampere) C Capacitance F (Farad) L Inductance H (Henry) DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Prefixes 2 mA = 0.002 A 4 µF = 0.000004 F 11 kV = 11,000 V 22 MW = 22,000,000 W DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or behalf of the University of South Australia in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. DO NOT REMOVE THIS NOTICE.  Any questions?  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities  THANK YOU  Educating Professionals  Creating and Applying Knowledge  Engaging our Communities