GEO L1 - Introduction to Geology PDF

CIEN 203 | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES local vs. regional scale WEEK 1: - Mountain vs mountain ranges INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY...

CIEN 203 | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES local vs. regional scale WEEK 1: - Mountain vs mountain ranges INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY - Continental collisions DEFINITION OF GEOLOGY γῆ + -λογία gē + -logia geo + logos Earth + study of/discourse 2. COMPLEXITY OF REPLICATING NATURAL GEOLOGY PHENOMENA Study of the earth (and other extraterrestrial bodies), its form tries to replicate natural phenomena with analogs/examples and composition, and the processes it has undergone and to simplify scientific knowledge (left picture) is undergoing. Encompasses similar and extraterrestrial bodies GEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE 1. ISSUE OF SCALE the small vs. large scale - Deals with scales - Deals with small and large scales phenomena BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY - Civil engineers must know how to use a map - Relevance of scale: this is how we know where we are in a map 1. PHYSICAL GEOLOGY examines the earth’s rocks and minerals and seeks to understand the processes that operate beneath or on its surface most branches fall under this category 2. HISTORICAL GEOLOGY the study of the origin and evolution of the Earth through time - PHYSICAL GEOLOGY micro vs. macro scale - Geologist does not only look at rocks, they also look MINERALOGY under the microscope Study of minerals - building blocks of rocks, very diverse, - Getting a rock sample by cutting the rock and observing macro and micro studies of minerals it under the microscope PETROLOGY Study of rocks - most famous study of geologist VOLCANOLOGY STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Geologic structures like faults and folds BS CIVIL ENGINEERING 2-2 1  CIEN 203 | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Rock deformations that the latter remains unchanged in between these periods Most relevant to CE of upheavals Widely accepted by theologians in the early 1800s due to SEISMOLOGY similarity with Biblical events Movement of seismic waves through the earth 2. UNIFORMITARIANISM ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY James Hutton, 18th century (The Father of Modern Geology Effects of human to geologic environment The Earth is continuously modified by geologic processes Not widely used in the Philippines that have always operated throughout time (at different NEW ERA: Era of Plastics; a new layer on earth; on- rates) going debate on the geology community The physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate today also operated in the past. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY We need to know if there is a fault nearby before “The present is the key to the past” engineering a structure Popularized by Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology Acceptance of this concept meant accepting that the Earth MINING GEOLOGY has been around for a very long time CE need to calculate the appropriate slope that can Things that took a long time: Continental drift, India, Baguio, support the mine Formation of Philippines PETROLEUM GEOLOGY Sources extraction (coal and petroleum) GEOMORPHOLOGY Shape of the earth (morphology), how they were formed through earth’s evolution Ex. Palawan just merged into the islands of the Philippines, it has a different (younger) geology compared to other islands in the Philippines Trivia: limestones are formed under the water PLANETARY GEOLOGY There is a rock in the mars that has similar stones HISTORICAL GEOLOGY PALEONTOLOGY Uses fossils to study earth’s history STRATIGRAPHY GEOCHRONOLOGY puts everything in concept EARLY SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT 1. CATASTROPHISM Baron Georges Cuvier, 16th century Sudden, worldwide catastrophes are the agents of change that alter the physical features of the Earth over time and BS CIVIL ENGINEERING 2-2 2