Geo Exam Review PDF

Geo exam review Unit 1, ​ What is geography: Is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. ​ Types of geography: there are two types of geography, Physical and human geography -human geography: The study of the distribution of ne...

Geo exam review Unit 1, ​ What is geography: Is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. ​ Types of geography: there are two types of geography, Physical and human geography -human geography: The study of the distribution of networks of people and cultures on Earth’s surface. -Physical geography: The study of Earth’s seasons, climate, atmosphere, soil, streams, landforms, and oceans. ​ Perspective: a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view. ​ Stakeholders: A stakeholder is a person, group, or organization that has a direct or indirect stake or interest in something. ​ three key components of place: location, locale, and a sense of place. ​ Location: the position of a particular point on the surface of the Earth. ​ Locale: the physical setting for relationships between people, such as the South of France or the Smoky Mountains. ​ A sense of place: the emotions someone attaches to an area based on their experiences. Place can be applied at any scale and does not necessarily have to be fixed in either time or space ​ Interrelationships: Relationships that exist within and between natural and human environments. ​ Spatial Significance: The importance of a particular location in geography ​ Patterns and Trends: Arrangement of objects on Earth’s surface in relationship to each other ​ Geographic Perspective: A way of looking at the world that includes environmental, political, and social implications.  ​ geographic inquiry process: It requires students spend time asking, investigating, organizing, analyzing, and creating. Unit, 2 ​ System: a collection of interdependent parts enclosed within a defined boundary. ​ “spheres” of the earth: Hydrosphere, geosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere -Lithosphere: is the outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. -Hydrosphere: is the part of the Earth composed of water -Biosphere: the region of the Earth where life can be found, including the soil, water, and air -Atmosphere: the mixture of gases surrounding the Earth and other planets. -Cryosphere: is the potions of Earth’s surface where water is in solid form (ice) ​ Continental drift theory: Created by Alfred Wagner, it's a theory of how the continents of the earth’s surface drift ​ Pangea: a supercontinent that existed 225 million years ago ​ Total plates: There are 52 total plates, 38 minor plates and 14 major plates ​ Plate speed: The tectonic plates move around 2 to 10 cm a year ​ Supercontinent cycle: The aggregation and dispersal of Earth’s continental crust in 300-500 million year cycle ​ Wilson cycle: Describes the periodic opening and closing of ocean basins ​ intraplate volcanism: Heat from the mantle plume causes melting and thinning of the crust, which leads to volcanic activity at the surface. ​ The Glation process: -Before Glaciation – V shaped valleys,rounded hills -During Glaciation – Glacial processes begin to change the shape of the landscape -After Glaciation – U shaped valleys, steep sided mountains. ​ Arete: a sharp mountain ridge. ​ Pyramidal Peak:a mountain feature which formed as several corries were eroded from its sides ​ Corrie/Tarn: a horseshoe-shaped valley which is formed through erosion by ice or glaciers ​ Climate: Long-term patterns of weather ​ Factors that determine climate: L.O.W.E.R.N, Latitude, Ocean Currents, Winds and air masses, Elevation, Relief, Near water ​ Different types of storms: -Hurricanes (North America) -Cyclones (India) -Typhoons (Japan and East Asia). -Willy willies (Australia) ​ The Impact of Climate Change: scientists are predicting that it will have an effect on distribution, intensity, and frequency.