Genital System PDF

Genital system Prof. D-r Marija Papazova Female genital system The internal female genital organs inclute the genital glands, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina. The vestibule, labia, female erectile bodies (clitoris and bulb of the vestibule) and mons pubis constitute the ext...

Genital system Prof. D-r Marija Papazova Female genital system The internal female genital organs inclute the genital glands, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina. The vestibule, labia, female erectile bodies (clitoris and bulb of the vestibule) and mons pubis constitute the external female genital organs. Female genital organ  External genital organ  Vestibulum vaginae Glandula vestibularis major Bartholini.  Glandulae vestibulares minores. Labia major pudendi.  Labia minora pudendi.  Clitoris.  Bulbus vestibuli. External genital organs  Internal genital organs  Uterus  uterine tube  ovarium  vagina Ovarium (OVARIUM)  localisation - fossa ovarica  Morphological characteristics  2 sides: lateral and medial  2 borders: anterior and posterior  2 extremities: superior and inferior The ovary is the female genital gland. It is a paired intraperitoneal organ located in the pelvis. The ovary contains oocytes within follicles, undergoing the process of maturation. The ovary produces various steroids and polypeptide hormones. Ligaments of the ovarium  mesoovarium  lig. ovarii proprium  lig. suspensorium ovarii  fimbria ovarica Uterine tube (TUBA UTERINA) The uterine tube is a paired muscular tube uniting the uterine horn with the ovary. Its abdominal ostium is freely open to the peritoneal cavity, where it captures released oocytes, which are transported along the tube by peristaltic contractions to the uterine cavity. Fertilisations of an oocyte by a spermatozoon usually happens within the uterine tube. ДЕЛОВИ НА ЈАЈЦЕВОД Uterus (UTERUS) The uterus is a pear-shaped organ located in the lesser pelvis between the urinary bladder and rectum. Its mucosa undergoes cyclic transformation, synchronised with the ovarian cycle. This ensures that the uterus is ready for implantation and the subsequent development of the fertilised ovum. It is positioned in anteversion and anteflexion and is almost completely covered by peritoneum. Due to its position, spermatozoa can easily reach the uterine cavity and it provides sufficient space for growing embry/foetus. Ligaments of the uterus  lig. latum uteri  lig. teres uteri  lig. sacrouterinum  lig. cardinale uteri РОДНИЦА (VAGINA) FORNIX VAGINAE The vagina is a hollow muscular tubethat serves as the terminal part of the female genital tract. It facilitates copulation and partution. Male genital system The male genital organs are divided into the external and internal male genitalia according to the developmental origin from the urogenital sinus or urogenital ridge, respectively. The testes, epididymides, ductus deferentes, seminal glands and prostate belong to the internal male genital organs. The scrotum and penis constitute the external male genital organs. The male urethra is both an internal and external genital organ. Its cranial part is internal and its caudal part within the penis is external. As the testes are located outside the peritoneal cavity, they are kept at a slightly lower temperature of 32-34 C. Which is optimal for Internal genital organs 1.Testis. 2.Epididymis. 3.Ductus deferens. 4.Glandula vesiculosa. 5.Ductus ejaculatorius. 6.Prostata. 7.Urethra masculina. 8.Gladnulae bulbourethrales The testes are a pair of genital glands located outside the abdominopelvic cavity in the scrotum. During prenatal development, they originate in the lumbar region and descend through the retroperitoneal space and inguinal channel to reach the scrotum. The layers of the abdominal wall form the layers of scrotum as the testes passes through them.  The testicular vessels descend with the testes, hence the origin of these arteries in lumbar region of the abdomen. Lymphatic drainage is similarly directed to the lumbar nodes. Testosterone and spermatozoa are produced in the testes. The epididymis is a highly convoluted duct. It is attached to the posterior margin of the testis and inferiorly to the scrotum. The tail of the epididymis continues as the ductus deferens. Spermatozoa spend 10-12 of their total 72 days of maturation within the epididymis. The epididymis serves as a reservoir of spermatozoa, where they mature and gain the capacity to move and fertilise the (DUCTUS DEFERENS) The ductus deferens is a tubular organ that transports spermatozoa from the epididymis to the prostatic urethra by peristaltic contractions. It passes from the scrotum through the spermatic cord and inguinal canal into the lesser pelvis, where it crosses the ureter and enters the prostate. Parts of the ductus deferens 1.Pars scrotalis. 2.Pars funicularis. 3.Pars inguinalis. 4.Pars pelvina. 5.Ampulla ductus deferentis. 6.Ductus ejaculatorius. Seminal Glands The seminal glands are located behind the urinary bladder above the prostate. Each seminal gland is a simple tubular gland, composed of a single duct that has multiple convolutions. The seminal glands produce 50-80 % of the ejaculate. The excretory duct of the seminal gland joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct that empties into the urethra. The prostate is the largest male genital gland. It produces 30 % of ejaculate fluid. It is located subperitoneally, inferior to the urinary bladder. The urethra courses through the prostate along with the paired ejaculatory ducts, the common duct for the epididymis and the seminal glands. Parts of the prostate 1.Basis prostatae 2.Apex prostatae 3.Pars prostatica urethrae 4.Facies anterior 5.Facies posterior 6.Facies inferolateralis dextra et sinistra 7.Lobus dexter, sinister et medius The spermatic cord is a tough rope- like structure that contains the ductus deferens and several vessels and nerves. It courses from the scrotum to the inguinal canal. The venous pampiniform plexus lowers the temperature inside the spermatic cord, which is necesssary for the proper maturation of spermatozoa. The layers of the abdominal wall continue over the Content of funiculus spermaticus 1.Ductus deferens. 2.A. testiculasis. 3.Plexus pampiniformis. 4.Plexus testicularis. 5.Plexus deferentialis. 6.Vassae lymphatica 7.Vestigium processus vaginalis testis External genital organs 1.Scrotum. 2.Penis. 3.Urethra masculina Scrotum The scrotum is a sac located on the outside of the body, which contains the testis and epididymis. The temperature inside the scrotum is 2-4 degrees lower than core body temperature. This ensures optimal spermatogenesis. Contraction of the cremaster muscle pulls the scrotum upwards, towards the Parts of the scrotum 1.Septum scroti 2.Raphe scroti 3.Ligamentum scrote Penis The penis is an external genital male organ with both excretory and copulative functions. It is formed from 3 erectile bodies and the urethra, which courses throughout its entire length.  Parts of the penis 1.Radix penis 2.Crura penis 3.Bulbus penis 4.Corpus penis 5.Glans penis Structure of the penis Internal morphology 1.Skin 2.Fascia penis superficialis 3.Fascia penis profunda 4.Tunica albuginea 5.Corpora cavernosa penis 6.Corpus spongiosum penis