Lecture 1 Embryology Genital System PDF

Lecture 1 embryology Genital system BMS 111 Genital system This system is concerned with the production of germ cells; the sperm in males and the ovum in females. Male genital system Reproduct...

Lecture 1 embryology Genital system BMS 111 Genital system This system is concerned with the production of germ cells; the sperm in males and the ovum in females. Male genital system Reproductive system in male is consisted of: 1- Primary sex organ (2 testis): produce the gem cells and secrets the sex hormones. 2- Secondary sex organs: is formed of the duct system (epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra) and accessory glands (seminal vesicle, prostate and bulbourethral glands). 3- External genital organs. Testis Function: It is the primary sex organ responsible for production of sperms and secretion of testosterone. Shape: Oval in shape. Position: lie in the scrotal sac outside the abdominal cavity, as it needs lower temperature for production of sperms. Structure: The testis is divided by septa into 200 lobules. Each lobule contains 1–3 seminiferous tubules. Each tubule contains: 1- Germinal cells: produce sperms 1  Lecture 1 embryology Genital system BMS 111 2- Sertoli cells: supporting cells for sperm nutrition  Between the tubules, testicular stroma contain interstitial cells of Leydig that secret testosterone.  The Vasa efferentia small tubules connect the testis with epididymis.  Covered by - Inner tunica albuginea: strong fibrous capsule - Outer tunica vaginalis : serous sac Epididymis Shape: It is a comma shaped mass. It is formed of highly coiled single duct of 6 meters long. Parts: a head, body and tail. Head: connected with the testis by Vasa efferentia. Body: It lies on the posterior surface of the testis. Tail: is continued by vas deferens Function: storage and maturation of the sperms The Vas deferens It begins at the tail of epididymis. It ends by union with duct of seminal vesicle forming ejaculatory duct. Function: is a tube that conveys sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. The Ejaculatory ducts Formation: union of vas deferens and duct of the seminal vesicle. Termination: open in the prostatic urethra. 2  Lecture 1 embryology Genital system BMS 111 The male urethra Shape& length: S shape& 20 cm in length. Parts: prostatic, membranous, spongy (penile) parts Prostatic urethra: widest part Membranous urethra: narrowest, shortest part. Penile urethra: longest part. The Accessory Glands 1- Seminal vesicle (2 in number) Position: on the urinary bladder base. Seminal vesicle duct: Unite with vas deference to form ejaculatory duct. Function: secretion of seminal fluid for the nutrition of the sperms. 2- Prostate (1 in number) Shape: looks like an inverted pyramid Position: below the neck of bladder. Traversed by prostatic urethra, ejaculatory ducts Function: secretion of seminal fluid for the nutrition of the sperms. 3- Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland (2 in number) Shape: Two pin-head glands. 3  Lecture 1 embryology Genital system BMS 111 Position: Beside the membranous urethra, its duct opens in penile urethra. Female genital system Reproductive system in female is consisted of: 1- Primary sex organ (2 ovaries): produce the gem cells and secrets the sex hormones. 2- Secondary sex organs: is formed of the duct system (fallopian tube, uterus, vagina) 3- External genital organs. Ovary Function: It is the primary sex organ responsible for production of ova and secretion of two female sex hormones progesterone and oestrogen. Shape: almond- shaped gland. Position: in the pelvis, lateral to the uterus. 4  Lecture 1 embryology Genital system BMS 111 Uterine (Fallopian) tubes Site: between the ovary and the uterus. Length: about 10 cm. Parts: 4 parts. 1) Infundibulum: Lies close to the ovary, has fimbria 2) Ampulla: The widest part of the tube. The site of fertilization. 3) Isthmus: the narrowest part of the tube. 4) Intra-mural part: lies in the wall of the uterus. Functions: 1. Carry the oocytes from the ovaries. 2. Carry the sperms from the uterus. 3. The site of fertilization. 4. Carry the zygote to the uterine cavity. Uterus Shape: A pear shaped thick walled muscular organ. Site: in the pelvic cavity Parts: 1- Fundus: it lies above the entrance of the uterine tubes. 5  Lecture 1 embryology Genital system BMS 111 2- Body: is the part that lies below the entrance of the uterine tubes, it is main triangular part 3- Cervix: lower cylindrical part. It forms lower 1/3 of uterus. The canal of cervix opens by two orifices: Internal os: with the body of uterus External os: with the vagina Function: site of implantation and growth of the embryo. Vagina Site: It extends from the cervix of uterus down to the vestibule. Parts: It has anterior (7.5 cm) and posterior (10 cm) walls. It upper end surrounds the lower part of the cervix which divides it into 4 fornices (anterior, posterior and 2 lateral). It acts as female copulatory and birth canal. Acknowledgment: Thanks to Prof. Dr. Omnia Samir 6 Lecture 1 embryology Genital system BMS 111 7