Genetics Q bank (1).docx

Genetics Q bank 1.choose the incorrect statement about RT-PCR: 1.DNA polymerase transcribes the mRNA to make 2.starts with an mRNA instead of a double-standed DNA 3.used to generate a cDNA from a single type of mRNA 4.uses of a forward primer to convert the single-stranded DNA to double-strande...

Genetics Q bank 1.choose the incorrect statement about RT-PCR: 1.DNA polymerase transcribes the mRNA to make 2.starts with an mRNA instead of a double-standed DNA 3.used to generate a cDNA from a single type of mRNA 4.uses of a forward primer to convert the single-stranded DNA to double-stranded 2.choose the incorrect statement: 1.agrose gels are better for separating small DNA molecules 2.gel electrophoresis is used for the separation of macromolecules 3.agarose gels are better sieves for large molecules 4.agarose or acrylamide gels retard the passage of large molecules 3.two polynucleotide strands are held together in their helical configuration by: 1.sulfuric bonds 2.nitrogen bonds 3.phosphodiester bonds 4.hydrogen bond 4.the small RNA molecules that function as adaptors between amino acids and the codons are: 1.messenger RNAs 2.small nuclear RNAs 3.transfer RNAs 4.micro RNAs 5.the enzyme that joins the two DNAs covalently is: 1.DNA polymerases 2.DNA reductases 3.DNA ligase 4.DNA exonuclease 6.chromosomes are composed of: 1.proteins and nucleic acids 2.(macromolecules) called proteins 3.deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 4.ribonucleic acid (DNA) 7.the RNA molecule produced by transcription will be\_\_\_\_\_ and\_\_\_\_\_\_\_to the DNA template strand and identical, except that\_\_\_\_\_replaces thymidine(T) 1.complementary,parallel, adenine(A) 2.noncomplementary, antiparallel, uridine(U) 3.complementary, parallel , uridine (U) 4.complementary, antiparallel, uridine (U) 8.the genetic information stored in the sequences of nucleotide pairs in genes must be transferred to the sites of protein synthesis in the: 1.ribosomes 2.cytoplasm 3.endoplasmic reticulum 4.nucleus 9.in 1865, which one of the scientisis showed that \"Markmalen\"(now genes) transmitted genetic information? 1.mendel 2.chargaff 3.waston 4.franklin 10.choose the incorrect statement: 1.RNA molecules are very sensitive to degradation by Rnases 2.Wastern blot is hybridized to either RNA or DNA probes 3.transfers of RNA to membranes are called Northern blots 4.transfers of DNA to membranes are called Sourthern blots 11.the enzymes that catalyze the replication of DNA are: 1.DNA polymerases 2.RNA polymerases 3.DNA exonuclease 4.DNA reductases 12.choose the incorrect statement: 1.the Northern blot procedure is essentially identical to Southern blot transfers 2.denaturation is accomplished by adding formaldehyde or some other chemical denaturant 3.Northern blot hybridizations provides information about why the RNA transcript accumulation has occurred 4.the northern blot procedure can be used to determine when and where a particular gene is expressed 13.histones are specifically complexed with DNA produce the basic structural subunits of chromatin, small ellipsoidal beads called: 1.ribosomes 2.proteosomes 3.spliceosomes 4.nucleosomes 14.if the template strand of a segment of a gene has the nucleotide sequence 3\'-GCATAGC-5\', what nucleotide sequence will be present in the RNA transcript specified by this gene segment: 1.5\'CGAUTCG-3\' 2.5\'-CGUAUCG-3\' 3.5\'-CGTAUCG-3\' 4.5\'CGAUUCG-3\' 15.the structural components of spliceosomes are: 1\. messenger RNAs 2.transfer RNAs 3.small nuclear RNAs 4.micro RNAs 16.choose the incorrect statement about cosmids: 1.behave both as plasmids and as phages 2.have room for large inserts (40-50kb) 3.designed especially for cloning large DNA fragments 4.can be recovered in single-stranded form 17.the lagging stand is: 1.leading 2.continuous 3.discontinuous 4.53 direction 18.nucleotides are not composed of: 1.a phosphate group 2.a five-carbon sugar or pentose 3.a hydrogen group 4.a cyclic nitrogen base 19.genetic information is stored in: 1.nucleic acids 2.RNA 3.DNA 4.proteins 20.real-time PCR keeps track of the progress of PCR by monitoring: 1.the degradation of DNA polymerase 2.fluorescence decrease and measuring it in real time 3.the degradation of a reporter probe 4.the degradation of forward and reverse primers 21.B-DNA is: 1.left-handed , positive supercoil 2.left-handed, negative supercoil 3.right-handed,negative supercoil 4.left-handed, positive supercoil 22.choose the incorrect statement about the central dogma: 1.geneic information flows from RNA in genomes of RNA tumor viruses 2.transcription is the transfer of the genetic information from DNA to RNA 3.transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is reversible 4.translation is the transfer of information from RNA to protein 23.choose the incorrect statement about the functions of telomeres: 1.prevent fusion of the ends with other DNA 2.prevent the loss of DNA material 3.prevent deoxyribonucleases from degrading the ends of the linear DNA 4.prevent replication of the ends of the linear DNA 24.improperly folded, inactive products of cloned genes form highly insoluble inactive granules called: 1.intrusion bodies 2.plasmids 3.cosmids 4.inclusion bodies 25.the RNA molecules that are translated on ribosomes are called: 1.ribosomal RNAs 2.micro RNAs 3.messenger RNAs 4.transfer RNAs 26.which of the following groups can perform self splicing: 1.mRNA/rRNA 2.tRNA/mRNA 3.rRNA/tRNA 4.rRNA/mtRNA 27.the E.coli RNA polymerase adds\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_nucleotides per second: 1.30 2.40 3.20 4.50 28.the digestion of mRNA during RT-PCR is carried out by the enzyme: 1.RNase H 2.exonuclease 3.polymerase 4.endonuclease 29.the alpha subunits of polymerase has a function: 1.initiation 2.promoter binding 3.elongation 4.termination 30.the telomere-specific protein complex that protects DNA from degradation is called: 1.t-loop 2.satlite 3.shelterin 4.replication bubble 31.translation takes place on: 1.ribosome 2.spliceosomes 3.chromosomes 4.codons 32.in RT-PCR the enzyme deoxynucleotydil transferase adds poly-G residues in the: 1.5\' end of RNA 2.3\' end of cDNA 3.3\'end of RNA 4.5\'end of Cdna 33\. the type of DNA amplification where the region of DNA amplified lies on either side of a known segment: 1.Real time-PCR 2.inverse-PCR 3.PCR 4.RT-PCR 34.how many types of point mutations are able to alter the genetic code? 1.4 2.2 3.1 4.3 35.the first amino acid to be incorporated in the eukaryotic polypeptide is: 1.N-formyl methionine 2.methionine 3.N-acyl valine 4.valine 36.which one of the following is not true a functions of the genetic material? 1.the phenotypic function, gene expression the genetic material must control the development of the phenotype of the organism 2.the genotypic function, replication. The genetic material must store genetic information and accurately transmit that information from parents to offspring, general 3.the genotypic function, gene expression.the genetic material must dictate the growth of the organism from the single-celled zygote to the mature adult 4.the evolutionary function mutation. The genetic material must undergo changes to produce variation that allow organisms to adapt to modifications in the environment evolution can occur. 37.if the template strand of a segment of a genes has the nucleotide sequence 3\'-GCATAGC-5\' what nucleotide sequence will be present in the RNA transcript specified by this gene segment? 1.5\'-CGUAUCG-3\' 2.5\'-CGAUUCG-3\' 3.5\'-CGTAUCG-3\' 4.5\'-CGAUTCG-3\' 38.which of the following ensure stable binding of RNA polymerase at the promoter site? 1.DNA glycosylase 2.DNA photolyase 3.DNA polymerase 4.sigma factor 39.what might happen if you changed one nucleotide in a codon? 1.all of the above are possible 2.shorter polypeptide would be synthesized 3.the protein would have the wrong amino acid sequence 4.there would be no effect on the protein 40.what is the job of tRNA during translation? 1.it binds to the small ribosomal subunit 2.it carries amino acids to the mRNA 3.it triggers the formation of a covalent bond between amino acids 4.it triggers the termination of the protein 41.a peptide bond: 1.is cleaved by agents that denature proteins such as organic solvents and high concentration of urea 2.has a partial double-bond character 3.occurs most commonly in the cis configuration 4.is ionized at physiological PH 42.in eukaryotic cells mature mRNA is already spliced hence the cDNA produced have no: 1.exons 2.introns 3.ribosomes 4.uracil 43.what is the work of the sigma factor in transcription? 1.transcription elongation 2.transcription termination 3.transcription intiation 4.helicase action 44.which of the following is NOT step of mRNA processing? 1.RNA sllencing 2.polyadenylation 3.5\'capping 4.splicing of introns 45.amino acids are differ from each other with: 1.side chains 2.nonprotein molety 3.functional group 4.prosthetic group 46.mutation can be induced by: 1.X-ray 2.UV radiation 3.chemicals 4.all of the above 47.the functional group of amino acids are: 1.carboxyl and sulfonyl group 2.amino and carboxyl group 3.aino,carboxyl, sulfonyl group 48.the term amphiphathic means: 1.having 2 different types of bond 2.branched with at least 2 branch points 3.it contains mostly short chain fatty acids 4.having one region that is polar and one that is nonpolar 49.a process causing increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues is: 1.osmolality 2.buffering system of a body 3.akalosis 4.acidosis 50.plasmids are: 1.circular double strand 2.linear double stranded DNA 3.supercoiled circular double stranded DNA 4.double stranded DNA 51.which of the following is a mismatch? 1.polymerase- taq polymerase 2.primer-oligonucleotide 3.template-double stranded DNA 4.synthesis -5\'to3\' direction 52.enzyme used in formation od cDNA from mRNA is: 1.polymrase 2.reverse transcriptase 3.gyrase 4.helicase 53.which amino acid can produce disulfide bonds in protein molecule? 1.serine 2.cysteine 3.threonine 4.alanine 54.sothern hybridization is: 1.used to identify a specific RNA 2.used to identify specific both DNA and RNA 3.used to identify a specific DNA 4.used to identify a specific protein 55.which amino acid alpha-carbon has 2hydrogen substituents and is optically inactive? 1.proline 2.phenylalanine 3.glucine 4.methionine 56.enzymes differ from proteins with: 1.more amount of amino acids in polypeptide sequence 2.none of the above 3.more amount of phospholipids 4.active site 57.the genes of different traits located on different loci on the same chromosome are\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1.allels 2.linked 3.crossed 4.mutated 58.what is mode of replication in E.coli? 1.semiconservative 2.dispersive 3.intermediate 4.conservative 59.northern hybridization is: 1.used to identify both DNA and RNA 2.used to identify a specific protein 3.used to identify a specific DNA 4.used to identify a specific RNA 60.the PH at which an amino acid is electrically netral that is in which the sum of the positive charges equals the sum of negatives charges is: 1.isoelectric point 2.buffer pairs 3.handerson-hasselbalch equation 4.dissociation of carboxyl group of amino acids 61.each chromosomes consists of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_double-stranded DNA molecules 1.1 2.4 3.2 4.3 62.how many numbers of replication is found in E.cli? 1.two replication 2.single replication 3.multiple replication 4.five replication 63.the process of modification of pre mRNA is known as\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1.replication 2.DNA repair 3.RNA processing 4.translation 64\. A vector is: 1\. Used to carry foreign genes or DNA fragments 2\. Divided by the charge of the DNA 3.Carries restriction enzymes to their restriction sites 4\. Only used in matching DNA samples 65.The role of the sigma factor in bacterial RNA polymerase is: 1\. to catalyse RNA synthesis 2\. to position RNA polymerase correctly on the template DNA 3\. to terminate RNA synthesis 4\. to unwind the DNA template 66.Which of the following statements regarding splicing of eukaryotic mRNA transcripts is correct ? 1\. Exons are spliced out and introns are retained in the mature mRNA transcript 2\. Several reactions in the splicing process involve hydrolysis of ATP 3\. Small nuclear RNAs are retained in the mature mRNA transcript 4\. Splicing takes place in the cytosol 67\. The role of the sigma factor in bacterial RNA polymerase is: 1\. to catalyse RNA synthesis 2\. to position RNA polymerase correctly on the template DNA 3\. to terminate RNA synthesis 4\. to unwind the DNA template 68\. The first RNA processing event is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1\. Capping\ Tailing2. 3\. Splicing 4.Editing 69\. Primer used for the process of polymerase chain reaction are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1\. Single stranded DNA oligonucleotide 2\. Double stranded DNA oligonucleotide 3\. Single stranded RNA oligonucleotide 4\. Double stranded RNA oligonucleotide 70.What is the role of eukaryotic RNA polymerase I? 1\. Transcription of mRNA only 2\. Transcription of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA 3\. Transcription of \'small\' RNAs including tRNAs, 5S RNAs and snRNAs 4\. Transcription of the major rRNA transcript 71\. Which of the following serves as the first primer in Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT -- PCR) for eukaryotic RNA? 1\. Oligo A 2\. Oligo T 3\. Oligo G 4\. oligo G 72.A group of linked genes whose expression is coordinately regulated: 1\. Promoter 2\. Operon 3\. Regulator\ 4.Operator 73.Which of the following is not a type of RNA processing? 1\. Polyadenylation at the 3' end 2\. Capping of 5' end 3\. Removal of exons\ 4.Splicing 74\. DNA sequence(s) lying upstream from a gene, to which RNA polymerase binds: 1\. Promoter 2.operon 3.regulator 4.operator 75\. How many DNA duplex is obtained from one DNA duplex after 4 cycles of PCR? 1.4 2.8 3.16 4.32 76.In hybridization of DNA what is a probe? 1\. Chemically synthesized DNA 2\. Purified DNA 3\. Fragmented DNA duplex 4\. Either purified or synthesized single stranded DNA 77\. Spliceosome comprises of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1\. Only proteins 2\. Only RNA 3\. RNA and protein 78.Which of the following is not the part of the RNA polymerase core enzyme? 1\. α 2\. β 3\. ω 4\. σ 79.How is the genetic material expressed? 1\. By replication and transcription 2\. By transcription and translation\ 3.By translation and modification 4\. By mutation and transposition 80\. Each group of \_\_\_\_ consecutive mRNA bases is a codon that specifies one amino acid or a stop codon 1.4 2.3 3.2 4.1 The segments of eukaryotic mRNA that are translated into protein are called: 1.exons 2.prometors 3.introns 4.caps 82\. During replication, separation of DNA strands requires: 1\. hydrogen bonds to unzip 2\. backbones to split 3\. nucleotides to join together 4\. hydrolysis and synthesis to occur 83\. In the Sanger method, synthesis of DNA continues until a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is added 1\. dNTP 2.ddNTP 3.polymerase 4.primer 84\. The central dogma of molecular biology states that 1\. DNA is a template for all RNA production 2\. DNA is a template only for DNA replication 3\. translation precedes transcription 4\. RNA is a template for DNA replication 85\. transcription of a gene results in the production of: 1.mRNA 2.proteins 3.another copy of DNA 4.ribosomes 86\. During protein synthesis, an anticodon on transfer RNA (tRNA) pairs with: 1.DNA nucleotide bases 2.ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nucleotide bases 3.messenger RNA(mRNA) nucleotide bases 4.other tRNA nucleotide bases **87. Frederick Griffith determined that \_\_\_\_ transmits a disease-causing trait between two types of bacteria** 1.DNA 2.RNA 3.protein 4.an known **\ 88.Watson and Crick incorporated which of the following into their model of DNA structure?** 1.Franklin's diffraction data 2\. Chargaff's rules\ 3. complementary base pairing 4\. All of these are correct **89. Transformation occurs when:** 1\. DNA is transformed into RNA 2\. DNA is transformed into protein 3\. bacteria cannot grow on penicillin 4\. organisms receive foreign DNA and thereby acquire a new characteristic 90.