General Chemistry 1: Matter and Its Properties PDF

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: K : explain properties of matter and its various forms S : use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them A : relate the properties of matter in understanding nature LEA...

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: K : explain properties of matter and its various forms S : use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them A : relate the properties of matter in understanding nature LEARNING COMPETENCY Use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them - STEM_GC11-MP-Ia-b-5 Recognize the formulas of common chemical substances - STEM_GC11-MP-Ia-b-9 Compare consumer products based on their components for use, safety, quality and cost - STEM_GC11-MP-Ia-b-11 Describe various simple separation techniques such as distillation, chromatography STEM_GC11MPIa-b-12 WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? Chemistry is the scientific discipline that studies the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, especially at the atomic and molecular level. It involves the use of chemical equations to explain the behavior of substances and the changes they undergo during chemical reactions. WHAT IS MATTER? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It's the physical substance that makes up everything around us, including solids, liquids, and gases. INTENSIVE PROPERTIES -DO NOT DEPEND ON THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN A SAMPLE. EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES -DEPEND ON HOW MUCH MATTER A SAMPLE CONTAINS. QUESTION IS DENSITY INTENSIVE OR EXTENSIVE? Properties of Matter 1. Chemical Properties - property that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material. Examples: burning, decompose, ferment, react with, etc. Properties of Matter 2. Physical Properties - change the visible appearance, without changing the composition of the material. Examples: melt, cut, bend, split, crack (all 6 phase changes are physical changes)  Activity: Determine the different properties of the following samples. Record your observations and present your findings to the class. HOW DO WE CLASSIFY MATTER? HOW DO WE CLASSIFY MATTER? ACTIVITY 1 IDENTIFY WHETHER THE FOLLOWING SAMPLE IS A PURE SUBSTANCE OR A MIXTURE ACTIVITY 2 1. SUGAR (C12H22O11) ANSWER: PURE SUBSTANCE (a compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) 2. SOIL ANSWER: MIXTURE (a mixture of various materials, including rock fragments, minerals, organic matter, water, and air) ACTIVITY 2 3. SILVER ANSWER: PURE SUBSTANCE (ELEMENT) 4. WATER ANSWER: PURE SUBSTANCE (a compound made of hydrogen and oxygen) ACTIVITY 2 5. MILK ANSWER: MIXTURE (a mixture of water, proteins, fats, and other substances) 6. SALT ANSWER: PURE SUBSTANCE (a ACTIVITY 3 Direction: Identify the different formula of common substances. NaHCO3 O2 CH3COOH H2O2 C12H22O11 H 2O NaCl NH3 CO2 C2H5OH  Formula of common substances 1.Water: H 2O 2. Table Salt (Sodium Chloride): NaCl 3. Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate): NaHCO3 4. Sugar (Sucrose): C12H22O11 5. Vinegar (Acetic Acid): CH3COOH Formula of common substances 6.Hydrogen Peroxide: H2O2 7.Ammonia: NH3 8.Alcohol (Ethanol): C2H5OH 9.Carbon Dioxide: CO2 10.Oxygen gas: O2 LESSON 2 CONSUME R PRODUCT S  The following table of the chemical names and Common molecular formula of common chemicals is Chemicals found in arranged in alphabetical order of the common (often 'household' or 'domestic') name of the our Home chemical. Common Chemicals found in our Home ACTIVITY 2 Instructions: Find eight words related to the states of matter. Then complete the text with the words. ACTIVITY 2 SOLIDS (1) _______________ hold their shape, but liquids and gases adapt their shape to the container.CONTRA Solids (2) EXPAND CT ________________when heated and (3) __________________ when cooled, as do (4) LIQUIDS ____________________. Solids FLOW cannot (5) ____________________ but liquidsDENSITY and gases can. The (6) ___________________of solids PARTICLE is high, and that of gases quite low: they haveS few (7) COMPRE ___________________ in a large volume. For this reason, SS gases are easy to (8) ___________________, while solids are not. Performance Task: ½ crosswise Select one household item and select a compound from its ingredients list that was not included above. Write the chemical formula of the compound. What are some other uses of that compound? In what ways are the properties of the individual compound similar/different from the mixture in which it is found? Performance Task: Household item: TOOTHPASTE Compound found on household item and its molecular formula: PROPYLENE GLYCOL - C3H8O2 Uses of the Compound: Research about the uses of Propylene Glycol In what ways are the properties of the individual compound similar/different from the mixture in which it is found? Compare the properties of Propylene Glycol to properties of the toothpaste.