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Table of Content Page No. 1. Ancient History 1-19 Stone Age & Indus Valley Civilization…………………………...……………………………………………………………… Vedic Age & Rise of Mahaja...

Table of Content Page No. 1. Ancient History 1-19 Stone Age & Indus Valley Civilization…………………………...……………………………………………………………… Vedic Age & Rise of Mahajanapada……………………………………………………………………………………………. Buddhism & Jainism……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Mauryan & Post Mauryan Empire……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Gupta & Post Guptas Age………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Sangam Age………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 2. Medieval History 20-37 Delhi Sultanate…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Mughal Empire and Later Mughals……………………………………………………………………………………………... Southern Dynasty………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Maratha, Regional Kingdoms & Religious Movements………………………………………………………………………. Rise of East India Company & British Administration………………………………………………………………………... India under East India Company’s Rule………………………………………………………………………………………... 3. Modern History 38-65 Socio - Religious Reform Movements…………………………………………………………………………………………... The Great Revolt of 1857…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Indian National Congress & Congress Sessions………………………………………………………………………………. National Movement (1885 - 1919) ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. National Movement (1919 - 1939) ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Freedom to Partition (1939-1947) ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Governor General & Viceroys……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Other Dimensions………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Post-Independence Events………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. World Geography 66-78 Solar System………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Geomorphology……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Climatology & Biogeography……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Oceanography…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Important Locations Around the World……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. Indian Geography 79-107 Physiographic Division & Locations of India…………………………………………………………………………………... Indian Rivers & Water Resources………………………………………………………………………………………………... Indian Climate……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Soil Distribution……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Major Crops Grown in India……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mineral & Energy Resources……………………………………………………………………………………………………... Transport & Communication…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Demography & Census Data…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Polity 108-151 Basics of Constitution……………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Fundamental Rights………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Fundamental Duties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Important Articles…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Important Parts & Schedules……………………………………………………………………………………………………..  Important Acts……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Important Amendments………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Central Government………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. State Government…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Judiciary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Local Government………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Constitutional & Non Constitutional Bodies…………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Economy 152-172 National Income Accounting…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Money and Banking……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Agriculture………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Industrial Sector………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Five Year Plan……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Initiatives by Government………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 8. Art and Culture 173-199 Architecture………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Paintings, Language & Literature……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Music………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Dances………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Fairs & Festivals……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9. Static GK 200-241 Awards & Honours…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Books & Authors…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Important Institutions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Committees & Recommendations……………………………………………………………………………………………… Science & Technology……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Days & Events……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Government Policies & Schemes………………………………………………………………………………………………... Famous People…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Famous Places……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Sports………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 10. Ecology and Environment 242-250 Ecology & Functions of Ecosystem……………………………………………………………………………………………… Ecology and Environment Pollution & Problems……………………………………………………………………………... National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary & Biosphere Reserve…………………………………………………………………….. 11. Computer 251-264 Basics of Computers………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Memory…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Microsoft Office……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Keyboard Shortcuts……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Computer Fundamentals and Terminologies…………………………………………………………………………………. CHAPTER꞉ 1 ANCIENT HISTORY 11. Most of the standard Harappan seals were made of _______, a kind of soft stone that was square in shape with STONE AGE & INDUS VALLEY a 2 × 2 dimension and was used for commercial purposes. CIVILIZATION [RRB NTPC 2022] A) Steatite B) Golden rutile C) Selenite D) Rhodonite 1. The most significant feature of Indus Valley civilization was 12. Which of the following sites of Indus Valley Civilization is A. Barter system located in Punjab (India)? [RRB NTPC 2022] B. Local transport system A) Banawali B) Balu C. Buildings made of brick C) Kot Diji D) Ropar D. Administrative system [RRB NTPC 2016] 13. In which year was the Indus Valley Civilization discovered? A) A B) B A) 1921 B) 1933 C) C D) D C) 1917 D) 1941 2. Dholavira, an archaeological site, is associated with which 14. Which site of Harappa shows the earliest evidence of period? earthquake? A. Gupta period A) Harappa B) Dholavira B. Magadha period C) Mohenjodaro D) Kalibangan C. Indus Valley Civilization 15. Mehrgarh, the earliest Neolithic site in Pakistan, is located D. Chalukya period in the valley of which river ? [RRB NTPC 2016] A) Sindhu B) Ravi A) B B) A C) Sarasvati D) Bolan C) D D) C 16. In which of the sites the overlap between Late Harappan 3. The Indus Valley Civilization belonged to the ________. and Ochre Coloured Pottery phase can be traced? [RRB NTPC 2017] A) Ahichchhatra and B) Atranjikhera and Noh A) Bronze Age B) Stone Age Jhinjhana C) Gold Age D) None of the above C) Saipai and Atrajikhera D) Bargaon and Ambakheri 4. The Harappan Civilization flourished around 2500 BC in 17. Which one of the following agency undertook the what we call today ________. [RRB NTPC 2017] excavation work of Kalibangan? A) Pakistan and Afghanistan B) Western India and Pakistan A) Melbourne University of B) The Rajasthan Department C) Afghanistan and Western D) India and China Australia of Archaeology and Museums, India Jaipur 5. In which of the following locations was 'Nataraja', a stone C) The Archaeological Survey D) Deccan College, Pune of India, New Delhi male dancing figure discovered? [RRB NTPC 2021] A) Rangpur B) Lothal 18. The excavation work of Ahar was accomplished under C) Mohenjo-daro D) Harappa whose leadership? A) H.D. Sankalia B) B.B. Lal 6. Which of the following sites is NOT a part of the Indus C) V.N. Misra D) V.S. Wakankar Valley Civilization? [RRB NTPC 2021] A) Harappa B) Uruk 19. Which of the following part of Harappan cities was known C) Mohenjo Daro D) Lothal as citadel? A) North B) East 7. Which one of the following animals was frequently seen on C) West D) South the seals of the Harrapan Civilisation? [RRB NTPC 2021] A) Fox B) Bull 20. The Ancient city of Harappa was built on the bank of C) Lion D) Deer which river? A) Ravi B) Satluj 8. The first site discovered at the Indus Valley Civilisation is꞉ C) Kosi D) Meera A) Lothal B) Mohenjo-Daro C) Kalibangan D) Harappa 21. Which of the following Indus Valley civilization sites is not in India? 9. Which city from the Harappan Civilization was almost A) Kalibangan B) Rakigarhi exclusively devoted to crafting production including bead C) Lothal D) Mohenjo-Daro making, shell cutting, metalworking, seal making and weight make? [RRB NTPC 2021] 22. The Harappans procured Lapis Lazuli, a blue stone from ꞉ A) Harappa B) Nageshwar A) Nageshwar B) Shortughai C) Mohenjo Daro D) Chanhudaro C) Balakot D) Lothal 10. During the Indus Valley Period, from where were the shells 23. Canal remains have been uncovered at which Harappan procured for craft production? [RRB NTPC 2022] site? A) Shortughai B) Ropar A) Kalibangan B) Shortughai C) Jaipur D) Nageshwar C) Chanhudaro D) Dholavira 1 24. Which of the following people discovered Mohenjo-Daro? A) Atharva Veda B) Rig Veda A) John marshall B) James prinsep C) Yajur Veda D) Som Veda C) Archibold Carlleyle D) R. D. Banerjee 37. Out of the _______ Upanishads, _______ Upanishads are 25. The Harappan city of Dholavira was named the ______ considered to be the main - [RRB Group D 2018] Indian site on UNESCO’s World Heritage list. A) 108, 11 B) 116, 22 A) 38th B) 39th C) 100, 12 D) 99, 10 th C) 37 D) 40th 38. Which is the most accepted date of the composition of the Rig veda? 26. Mesolithic period is marked by which of the following A) 1000 BC B) 1500 BC changes? A) Development of grasslands B) Development of semi-arid C) 1500 BC to 1000 BC D) About 4500 BC zones 39. What was the root cause of the religious movements in C) Massive deforestation D) Colder temperature on the India during the 6th century B.C.? planet A) Sacrifice of cattle on a B) Expansion of new 27. What is the most significant feature of the Indus Valley large scale due to Vedic agriculture economy in Civilization? practices. eastern India. A) Burnt brick buildings B) First true arches C) Social conflict between the D) Urban revolution and C) Buildings of worship D) Art and architecture Brahmans and Kshatriyas. increasing internal and external trade. 40. Mahishmati city was situated in which Mahajanapada? VEDIC AGE & RISE OF A) Vatsa B) Matsya C) Awanti D) Asmaka MAHAJANAPADA 41. Which of the following Mahajanapadas was situated on the banks of river Godavari? 28. What does "Satyameva Jayate" mean? A) Kombojas B) Vatsa A. "Truth alone triumphs" C) Awanti D) Asmaka B. "True Faith is Rare" C. "Truth is Drivine" 42. Which Mahajanapada was a confederation of 8 D. "Truth is a Treasure" republican clans? [RRB NTPC 2016] A) Vajji B) Vatsa A) C B) B C) Magadha D) Malla C) A D) D 43. By what name was the river Chenab known during the 29. Which of the following Vedas contains treatment for Vedic period? diseases? A) Purushni B) Shutudri A) Yujurved B) Rigved C) Vitasta D) Askini C) Samaved D) Atharvaved 44. What is the correct sequence of Mahajanapadas from 30. What does the term 'Yajur' in 'Yajur Veda' mean? west to east? [RRB NTPC 2017] A) Avanti, Vatsa, Chedi, Anga, B) Chedi, Vatsa, Avanti, Magadha Magadha, Anga A) Life B) Nature C) Avanti, Chedi, Vatsa, D) Vatsa, Avanti, Anga, Chedi, C) Sacrifice D) Truth Magadha, Anga Magadha 31. Dhanurveda is the upveda of the Yajurveda. It deals with꞉ 45. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding [RRB NTPC 2021] A) art of warfare B) architecture the Smriti Literature? A) Manusmriti was compiled B) The paternal estate was to C) medicine D) art and music between c. 200 BCE and 200 be divided equally amongst 32. The Rig Veda consists of 1028 hymns, organised into ten CE. sons after the death of the books known as ________. [RRB NTPC 2022] parents, with a special share A) Mandalas B) Padapa̅tha for the eldest. C) Anuda̅tta D) Su̅ktas C) Manusmriti warned women D) Issues of ownership have against hoarding family not been talked about in 33. Which of the following Vedas is also called "Book of property, or even their own ancient texts like Songs", "Veda of Mantras" or "Yoga of Songs"? valuables, without the Dharmasutras, and [RRB Group D 2022] husband’s permission. Dharmashastras. A) Yajurveda B) Rigveda 46. 'Mridhara-Vacha' mentioned in Rig-Veda refers to C) Atharvaveda D) Samveda A) One who performs B) One who does not perform 34. Which of the following Veda mentions about music? sacrifices sacrifices A) Atharvana Veda B) Rigveda C) One who worships nature D) One who worships stone C) Yajurveda D) Samaveda 47. Tax which kings used to collect from the people in vedic 35. Which of the following Veda mentions about magical period was called ________. rituals and charms? A) Kara B) Varman A) Samaveda B) Yajurveda C) Bali D) Vidatha C) Atharva Veda D) Rigveda 48. Which of the following rivers is named only once in 36. Which of these is NOT a Veda? [RRB Group D 2018] Rigveda? 2 A) Ganga B) Indus A) Leh B) Kullu C) Saraswati D) Jhelum C) Almora D) Gangtok 49. Which ancient Mahajanapada had its capital at Taxila? 63. At which of the following places did the Buddhist event A) Anga B) Kasi known as 'Dhammachakkapavattan' take place? C) Magadha D) Gandhar A) Lumbini B) Kushinagar C) Bodh Gaya D) Sarnath 50. Which of the following statements is incorrect? A) The oldest Veda is the B) 'Matr' is a sanskrit term. 64. What is considered the most important fundamental Rigveda, composed about principle of Jainism? 3500 years ago. A) Karma B) Non-violence C) The Rigveda was read D) Some of the hymns in the C) Dispassion D) More than one of the rather than recited and Rigveda are in the form of above heard. dialogues. 65. The ultimate goal of education in Jainism is 51. In Vedic literature, the deity Indra, often referred to as A) Charity B) Pity and renunciation Purandara. What does the term "Purandara" means? C) Liberation D) Non-violence A) The Creator of Universe B) The Bringer of Rain C) The Controller of Time D) The Destroyer of Forts 66. What does the 'Harmika' represent in the Buddhist Stupa? A) Abode of the gods B) Open walkway 52. Which of the following female scholar was mentioned in C) Separation of the sacred D) Tathagata's Relics Upanishad? from the secular world A) Kumara devi B) Gautami Balashri 67. What is 'Pradakshina-path' in the structure of Stupa? C) Gargi D) None of the above A) Circular path B) Balcony structure 53. With reference to the Sixteen Mahajanapadas, which C) Richly carved entrance D) Semicircular mound among the following was NOT a capital city? [RRB NTPC 2022] A) Ujjain B) Avanti 68. Who is the author of a unique Buddhist text, a section of C) Sravasti D) Kausambi the Sutta Pitaka and a collection of verses that throws light on the social and spiritual experiences of women? 54. Udayin shifted the capital of Magadha from A) Brahman B) Bhikkhunis ___________ to Patliputra. [RRB NTPC 2021] C) Varundata D) Devta A) Sarnath B) Rajagrih 69. The Buddha belonged to a small gana known as C) Kaushambi D) Taxila _________. 55. Who was the Physician of Magadh ruler Bimbisara? A) Sakya gana B) Avanti Gana A) Vijayasena B) Jeevaka C) Kuru gana D) Panchal gana C) Manu D) Shilabhadra 70. Which of the following terms is the most appropriate to describe the Buddha? A) Theist B) Atheist BUDDHISM & JAINISM C) Agnostic D) Materialist 71. Upasakadasah is a text belongs to ꞉ 56. What is the meaning of "Mahayana" in Sanskrit? A) Shaivism B) Vaishnavism A) Small Vehicle B) Great Vehicle C) Jainism D) Buddhism C) Fast Path D) Great Sacrifice 72. Who among the following were referred to as the 'Theris’ in 57. According to Buddhist traditions, who was Charioteer of ancient India? Buddha? A) Respected women B) Elder nuns in Buddhism A) Channa B) Kanthaka C) Women denied the D) Women expelled from the C) Devdatta D) Chunda Hide Bhikkhuni status Buddhist Sangha 58. At which of the following Buddhist sites women were 73. Which of the following place is world famous for painting ordained into the Sangha for the first time? of the life of the Tathagata Lord Gautam Buddha ? A) Sarnath B) Vaishali A) Verul Caves B) Ajanta Caves C) Shravasti D) Rajgir C) Elephanta Caves D) Aurangabad Caves 59. Mahavira's teachings were compiled in ______, 74. Who among the following Jain Tirthankar attained called Angas. They were written in Prakrit language. nirvana at Mandar hill? A) 13 sections B) 14 sections A) Vasupujya B) Mahavira C) 15 sections D) 12 sections C) Parshvanatha D) Rishabhanatha 60. Mahavir Swami became known as "Jina", what does "Jina" 75. Who among the Mauryan ruler pioneered the propagation mean? of Buddhism? A) The Conqueror B) The great soul A) Samparti B) Devavarman C) The God D) Non-violent C) Ashoka D) Bindusara 61. Who among the following was contemporary of Gautam 76. At the age of ________, Mahavira left home and went to Buddha? live in a forest in search of enlightenment. A) Nagarjuna B) Kanishka A) thirty-two B) thirty C) Kautilya D) Mahavir C) twenty-eight D) twenty-nine 62. Where is Central Institute of Buddhist Studies situated? 77. Where was Mahavir Swami born? 3 A) Kundgram B) Kapilvastu 93. Out of the three Pitakas, the Abhidhamma Pitaka deals C) Nalanda D) Pataliputra with ______. [RRB NTPC 2022] A) Stories on Sarnath Pillar B) Philosophical matters 78. What was the childhood name of Mahatma Buddha? C) Rules for those who joined D) Buddha's teachings A) Vinay B) Rahul the sangha C) Siddhartha D) Gautam 94. The foundation of Buddhism are the ____ noble truths and 79. According to which religion, nirvana or salvation depends the _____ fold path. [RRB Group D 2018] on꞉ 1. Right Belief, 2. Right Knowledge and 3. Right Action? A) six, four B) eight, six A) Shaivism B) Buddhism C) two, eight D) four, eight C) Jainism D) Hinduism 95. What does "Triratna" mean in Buddhism? 80. Xuan Zang and other pilgrims spent time studying in A) Tripitaka B) Buddha, Dhamma Nalanda, the most famous Buddhist monastery, located in (dharma), Sangha which of the following Indian state? C) Satya, Ahimsa, Karuna D) Sheel, Samadhi, Sangha A) Odisha B) Bengal C) Bihar D) Sikkim 96. Under which tree did Queen Mayadevi give birth to Gautam Buddha? [RRB Group D 2018] 81. 'Alara Kalama' was the first guru of? A) Ashoka tree B) Peepal tree A) Gautam Buddha B) Mahavira C) Mango tree D) Sal tree C) Rishabhanatha D) Parshvanatha 97. The rise of Jainism and Buddhism saw religious unrest in 82. "Ranakpur" temple is basically- India in the __________ century BC. [RRB Group D 2018] A) Buddhist B) Jain A) 5th B) 4th C) Shiv D) Vishnu C) 6th D) 7th 83. According to the Hindu Calendar, Buddha Purnima falls on 98. Which one of the following is not among the Four Noble the full moon day of __________. [RRB Group D 2022] Truths of Lord Buddha? [RRB Group D 2018] A) Chaitra B) Ashadha A) The world is the home of B) Desire is the cause of C) Vaishakha D) Magha sorrows suffering 84. Kangyur and Tengyur are꞉ C) If desires are not relieved, D) This can be done by A) Buddhist literature B) Jain Agamas then misery can be avoided following the eight fold path C) Puranic historical works D) Collection of oral history of 99. The ‘Tripitaka’ is a holy book of which religion from ancient China following ___________. [RRB Group D 2022] 85. Which of the following was not a centre of Jainism during A) Buddhism B) Zoroastrianism the early medieval period? C) Jainism D) Sikhism A) Ellora B) Nagapattanam 100. One of the foundations of Buddhism is the eight-fold C) Dilwara D) Shravanabelagola path or Ashtangika Marga. Which among the following is 86. Which of the following kings convened the fourth Buddhist not an Ashtangika Marga? A) Right Speech B) Right Control Council in Kashmir? [RRB NTPC 2021] A) Chandragupta Maurya B) Bimbisara C) Right Effort D) Right Thoughts C) Kanishka D) Ajatashatru 101. The first and last Tirthankaras; Rishabhanatha 87. Name the Buddhist text that comprises rules for monks. and Mahavira had the symbol of _________ and __________ respectively. [RRB NTPC 2021] A) bull and elephant B) lion and serpent A) Tipitaka B) Vinaya Pitaka C) moon and fish D) bull and lion C) Sutta Pitaka D) Abhidhamma Pitaka 102. Towards the close of Chandragupta Maurya’s rule, a 88. Jataka tales are related to _____ [RRB NTPC 2020] terrible famine broke out in South Bihar. _______ and his A) Buddhism B) Sikhism disciples migrated to Sravanabelgola in Karnataka. C) Hinduism D) Jainism A) Jambu B) Sthulabhadra 89. Lord Mahavira's original name is _________. C) Bhadrabahu D) Indrabhuti [RRB NTPC 2020] 103. Which of the following is not a Buddhist literary text? A) Ananda B) Siddhartha A) Milinda panha B) Abhidharmamoksha C) Sariputta D) Vardhamana C) Uvasaggaharam Stotra D) Mahavamsa 90. Buddha delivered his first sermon which is called 104. Which of the following statements regarding Jainism _______, at Sarnath to his five disciples. [RRB NTPC 2022] A) Niranjana B) Mahabhinishkramana is/are correct? C) Maha parinirvana D) Dharmachakra Pravartana 1. The word 'Jaina' is derived from the term 'Jina', meaning conqueror. 91. In Vaishali, the second Buddhist council was organized by 2. Vardhamana Mahavira was the first Tirthankara of the ________. [RRB NTPC 2022] Jains. A) shaven B) Anurudh A) 1 only B) 2 only C) sunidha D) kalashoka C) Both 1 and 2 D) Neither 1 nor 2 92. Soniji ki Nasiya Temple in Ajmer built in the 19th century is 105. With which one of the following is the classic 'Jivaka dedicated to ________. [RRB NTPC 2022] Chintamani' associated? A) Lord Ajitnath B) Lord Rishabhdev C) Lord Mahavir D) Lord Chandraprabh 4 A) Jainism B) Hinduism A) Dashratha B) Vitashoka C) Buddhism D) Sikhism C) Chandragupta Maurya D) Bindusara 106. The Buddhist text Visuddhimagga was written by꞉ 120. Which Mauryan emperor had his inscriptions engraved A) Nagasena B) Buddhaghosha on rocks and pillars during his reign from c. 272/268-231 BCE? C) Nagarjuna D) Asvaghosha [RRB NTPC 2022] A) Ashoka B) Bindusara 107. Which personality is mentioned in the Buddhist text C) Chandragupta Maurya D) Brihadratha 'Milinda Panha'? A) Nagasena B) Kalidas 121. With reference to the distribution of Asokan inscriptions, C) Chanakya D) Hemachandra which among the following sites is in the modern state of Gujarat? [RRB NTPC 2022] 108. In whose reign was the Second Buddhist Council held? A) Girnar B) Kalsi A) Ajatshatru B) Ashoka C) Shishupalgarh D) Sannati C) Kalashok D) Kanishka 122. During the Mauryan reign which of the following 109. Which of the following Jain Tirthankar attained provinces was considered as the Gold mine hub in Karnataka? nirvana at Mandar hill? [RRB NTPC 2022] A) 9th Tirthankar B) 12th Tirthankar A) Tosali B) Ujjayini C) 13th Tirthankar D) 15th Tirthankar C) Taxila D) Suvarnagiri 110. What is not true in relation to Vardhamana Mahavir? 123. Which of the following was the capital of Magadh for A) He is considered to be 24th B) His mother was sister of several years before it was shifted to Pataliputra? and last Tirthankara Licchavi's king Chetaka [RRB NTPC 2022] C) He did not marry in his D) He left his body in 527 BCE A) Patna B) Gaya lifetime. at Pavapuri near Patna C) Nalanda D) Rajgriha 111. Priyadarshana who was the daughter of Mahavira was 124. Megasthenes was an ambassador who was sent to the married to whom? court of Chandragupta Maurya by the ______ ruler named A) Bimbisara B) Indrabhuti Gautama Seleucus Nicator. [RRB NTPC 2022] C) Jamali D) Mauryaputra A) Greek B) Arab 112. At which of the following caves of ancient Magadha, the C) Chinese D) Persian first Buddhist Council was held? 125. King Ashoka was the son of _____ who belonged to the A) Son Bhandar Cave B) Saptaparni Cave Maurya dynasty. [RRB Group D 2018] C) Lomas Rishi Cave D) Sudama Cave A) Bimbisara B) Chandragupta Maurya 113. Ubbiri was a C) Chandragupta II D) Bindusara A) a Jaina nun B) a Buddhist nun 126. Literary sources from the Mauryan period include Indica C) a Vaishnav saint D) a Saiva saint and ________. [RRB Group D 2018] 114. The first Jain assembly was organized at - A) Rock Inscriptions B) Arthshastra A) Patliputra B) Vaishali C) Coins D) Pillar inscription C) Rajgrih D) Vallavi 127. Emperor Ashoka propagated the ideals of Buddhism. He sent missionaries to distant places so that people could inspire their lives by the teachings of Lord Buddha. His son MAURYAN & POST MAURYAN _______ and daughter ________ were also included in these missionaries. [RRB Group D 2018] EMPIRE A) Manoj and Sanjana B) Mahesh and Sangeeta C) Mahendra and D) Mandeep and Suhasana 115. The earliest deciphered epigraphy of Ashoka's inscription Sanghamitra in India was written in which script? [RRB NTPC 2021] 128. Which of the following was a provincial capital under the A) Kharoshthi B) Devnagri rule of Ashoka? C) Harappan D) Brahmi I. Taxila 116. Sanchi Stupa is situated near the city of _________. II. Ujjain [RRB NTPC 2021] A) Neither I nor II B) Only II A) Bhopal B) Gwalior C) Both I and II D) Only I C) Jhansi D) Agra 129. Arrange the following events in chronological order꞉ 117. The National Emblem of India is an adaptation of the Lion I. Kalinga War Capital built by which emperor? [RRB NTPC 2017] II. Accession of Bindusar A) Ashoka B) Akbar III. Shunga Dynasty C) Chandragupta D) Ajatasatru A) I, II, III B) II, I, III 118. Most Ashokan inscriptions were in the _______ language C) III, I, II D) II, III, I while those in the northwest of the subcontinent were in 130. Which literary source describes how Chandragupta Aramaic and Greek. [RRB NTPC 2022] Maurya get Chanakya's assistance to overthrow the Nandas? A) Pali B) Sanskrit A) Mudra Rakshasa B) Indica C) Prakrit D) Tamil C) Arthasastra D) Divyavadana 119. Who was the grandfather of King Ashoka? 131. Pushyamitra, who was the commander of Brihadratha, the [RRB NTPC 2022] last Mauryan emperor, killed the king and established a new 5 dynasty. Which of the following was his dynasty? 145. After the decline of the Kushan empire who took control A) Shunga B) Kanva over Patliputra? C) Satavahana D) Chedi A) Kanvas B) Shungas 132. The hereditary soldiers of the Mauryan period were C) Hunas D) Scythians known as꞉ 146. Who among the following was a Shaka ruler in India (AD A) Bhrutakas B) Maula 130 - 150)? C) Atavivala D) Vardhaki A) Bindusara B) Panduka 133. In Which of the following states Erragudi inscription is C) Rudradaman D) Chashtana located? 147. Who was responsible for killing the last Mauryan King? A) Andhra Pradesh B) Tamil Nadu A) Vasudev Kanva B) Simuka C) Odisha D) Kerala C) Kanishka D) Pushyamitra Sunga 134. Who among the following was a ruler of Shunga 148. Consider the following pairs꞉ dynasty? Rulers Related Facts A) Porus B) Pushyamitra C) Bindusara D) Ashoka He vanquished Kalinga after the passing of 1. Satakarni I Kharavela. 135. Who among the following rulers adopted the title 2. Hala He arranged the Gatha Saptashati. "Devaputra" or 'Son of God'? A) Chola Rulers B) Maurya Rulers 3. Gautamiputra He is viewed as the best lord of the C) Gupta Rulers D) Kushana Rulers Satakarni Satavahana tradition. 136. In the Mauryan period the Samaharta stands for Which of the above pair is/are correctly matched? A) Commander in Chief B) The Chief Custodian of A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 only Storehouses C) 1, 2, and 3 D) More than one of the C) Officer Incharge of D) Officer of Forest above. Assessment and Collection 149. With reference to the conquerors of post–Maurayan 137. Where Chandra Gupta Maurya spent his last days? period i.e Greeks, Sakas, Parthians and the Kushans, which A) Kashi B) Pataliputra among the following options is NOT correct? C) Ujjain D) Shravanabelagola A) They lost their identity in B) They came to be known as India and got completely second class kshatriyas 138. With reference to the invaders in ancient India, which one Indianized of the following is the correct chronological order? C) They accepted D) More than one of the A) Sakas-Kushans - Greeks B) Greeks-Sakas-Kushans Vaishnavism as their religion above. C) Sakas-Greeks - Kushans D) Greeks-Kushans - Sakas and discarded Shaivism 139. Which Kushan ruler extended his empire upto Bihar? 150. Who among the following kings constructed the Stupa at A) Vima Kadphises B) Kanishka Sanchi? C) Sadashkana D) Kujula Kadphises A) Ashoka B) Bindusara C) Kanishka D) Kumaragupta 140. The earliest epigraphic reference to Chandragupta Maurya is to be found in the꞉ 151. Which one of the following activities was not a part of the A) Barabar Hill Cave B) Nagarjuni Hill Cave daily time-table for a King as prescribed in Arthashastra? Inscription of Asoka Inscription of Dasaratha. A) Receive reports on defense B) Visit the town incognito C) Junagarh Rock Edict of D) Junagarh Rock Inscription C) Receive revenue in cash D) Consult his Council of Asoka. of Rudradaman Ministers 141. The colour of the pennants of the Mauryan chariots was 152. ln which of the following Ashoka edict mentions that ‘All A) white B) blue men are my children.’ C) red D) green A) Rummindei B) Schism C) Delhi-Topra D) Dhauli and Jaugada 142. In which Major Rock Edict did Asoka counsel for public generosity to Brahmins and Sramanas? 153. In Mauryan administration, the word ‘tirtha’ means꞉ A) V B) IX A) Council B) Administrative Department C) III D) IV C) Religious place D) Tax collected at a place of pilgrimage 143. Read the following statements about Post-Mauryan Brahmins and identify the one which is not correct꞉ 154. Which literary source describes how Chandragupta A) The king relied on Brahmins B) The highest praise for a Maurya get Chanakya's assistance to overthrow the Nandas? for his daily work monarch was to say that he A) Mudra Rakshasa B) Indica did nothing which hurt the C) Arthasastra D) Divyavadana Brahmins. 155. In which text, it is mentioned that Pushyamitra, C) The Brahmins were well D) The Brahmins strictly versed in the Vedas and practised vegetarianism and commander-in-chief of the Maurya army, killed the Mauryan performed their rituals daily. never took intoxicants. king Brihadratha? A) Malavikagnimitra B) Nagnanda 144. Which of the following is not a Sanskrit work? C) Harshacharita D) Kadambari A) Lalitavistara B) Divyavadana C) Milinda Panho D) Mahavastu 156. With reference to the ancient dynasty of India Vasudeva, Bhumimitra, Narayana, and Susharman were the king of which dynasty? 6 A) Sunga Dynasty B) Kushan Dynasty 169. Which one of the following was the most important C) Satavahana dynasty D) Kanva Dynasty consequence of the ancient Indian feudal system? A) Stability in the caste system B) Development of handicrafts 157. The most famous ‘shatak’ of Mathura during post- C) Extension of the arable D) Development of trade and Mauryan period was a type of ________ land commerce A) Metal B) Dance C) Wine D) Cloth 170. Mahabalipuram Monuments were built in ________ dynasty architecture. 158. Under which dynasty, earliest inscriptional information on A) Chandella B) Pallava land grants is provided? C) Pali D) Gupta A) The Mauryas B) The Satavahanas C) The Sakas D) The Guptas 171. Who among the following is known as the father of plastic surgery in ancient Indian history? 159. Which Mauryan ruler was called ‘Amitrochates’ by the A) Sushruta B) Kalhan Greeks? C) Bimbisara D) Kautilya A) Samudragupta B) Chandragupta I C) Bindusara D) Kanishka 172. Ravikirti composed prashasti of which of following Chalukya rulers? A) Mangalesha I B) Pulakeshin II GUPTA & POST GUPTAS AGE C) Kirtivaraman II D) Vikramaditya IV 173. Samudragupta's mother belonged to which of the 160. The Iron Pillar at Mehrauli in Delhi is believed to record following gana? the achievements of A) Koliya B) Lichchhavi A) Ashoka B) Chandragupta Maurya C) Sakya D) Vajji C) Samudragupta D) Chandragupta II 174. Who amongst the following is the daughter of one of the 161. Harshvardhana declared war against which ruler of the most important rulers in early Indian history, Chandragupta II? Gauda kingdom? A) Satyavati Gupta B) Prabhavati Gupta A) Pulakeshin I B) Pulakeshin II C) Amravati Gupta D) Kushana Gupta C) Narsimhadeva D) Shashanka 175. Who of the following is one of the nine gems of 162. Five types of gold coins were issued by Skandagupta. Chandragupta II? [RRB NTPC 2021] Which among the following is not one of those type? A) Vishakhadatta B) Brahmagupta A) Archer type B) Horseman type C) Moggallana D) Varahamihira C) King and Queen type D) Bull type 176. Who is known as the 'Napoleon of India'?[RRB NTPC 2021] 163. What was the land donated to Brahmins in the Gupta A) Skandagupta B) Samudragupta period called? C) Kumaragupta D) Chandragupta A) Vellanvagai B) Shalabhoga 177. Vikramaditya is another name of which famous Gupta C) Devadana D) Agrahara ruler? [RRB NTPC 2021] 164. Vikramaditya VI, whose court poet Bilhan wrote his A) Chandragupta I B) Ramagupta biography, was the ruler of the ________ dynasty. C) Kumaragupta II D) Chandragupta II A) Chalukya B) Pallava 178. Name the daughter of one of the most important rulers in C) Rashtrakuta D) Ganga early Indian history, Chandragupta II. [RRB NTPC 2021] 165. Fa-Hien’s mission to India was to ____________. A) Parvatigupta B) Rudrama Devi A) learn about the B) understand the social C) Prabhavatigupta D) Lopamudra administrative system of the position of women during the 179. Ravikirti's Aihole inscription speaks in detail the victory of Gupta kings Gupta period Pulakesin II over꞉ [RRB NTPC 2022] C) visit the Buddhist D) More than one of the A) Samudragupta B) Harsha institutions and to collect above. copies of Buddhist C) Kharavela D) Kirtivarman I manuscripts 180. Who among the following visited India during the reign of 166. Which Chinese pilgrim came to India during the reign of Harshavardhana? [RRB NTPC 2022] Harshavardhana? A) Fa Hien B) Xuan Zang (Hsuan Tsang) A) Fa Xian B) I- Qing C) Marco Polo D) Ibn Battuta (Abu Abdullah C) Nishka D) Hiuen Tsang Muhannad ibn Battutah) 167. Which of the following dynasties of South India issued 181. Prayag Prashasti (also known as Allahabad Pillar their documents first in Prakrit and later in Sanskrit ? Inscription) provides us information about the achievements A) The Cholas of Tamil Nadu B) The Pandyas of the post- of ________. [RRB NTPC 2022] Sangam Age A) Samudragupta B) Chandragupta-I C) The Pallavas of D) The Gangas of C) Ashoka D) Srigupta Tondaimandalam Kalinganagara 182. Aihole Inscription is associated with which of the 168. Architectural developments In India manifested following rulers? [RRB Group D 2018] themselves In their full glory during the period of the A) Vikramaditya B) Pulakesin II A) Guptas B) Nandas C) Akbar D) Ashoka C) Mauryas D) Cholas 183. Chandra Gupta II extended the Gupta Kingdom to Gujarat in _______ AD [RRB Group D 2018] 7 A) 390 B) 309 A) Narmada B) Krishna C) 903 D) 930 C) Godavari D) Ganga 184. With reference to history of India, the terms ‘Rajuka’ used 196. What was King Harshavardhana's capital city? for which of the following? A) Patliputra B) Kannauj A) Merchant guilds B) Land measurement C) Varanasi D) Mathura C) Political associations D) Revenue officials 197. Harshavardhana hosted two major religious gatherings in 185. The Gupta gold and silver issues were initially based on A) Kannauj and Prayag B) Prayag and Thaneshwar the coins of the C) Thaneshwar and Vallabhi D) Vallabhi and Prayag A) Romans and the Saka- B) Kushanas and Yaudheyas Kshatrapas 198. The term Prathama-Kulika in the Gupta period stands for ꞉ C) Kushanas and Saka- D) Romans and Kushanas A) Chief Judicial Officer B) Chief Banker Kshatrapas C) Chief Merchant D) Chief Craftsman 186. Assertion (A) Harshavardhana, according to the Chinese 199. Who among the following Shilahara Kings was defeated traveller Hiuen Tsang not only followed Buddhism, but also by the Solanki King Kumarapala? had marked antipathy to the Brahmanical religion. A) Mallikarjuna B) Arikesarin Reason (R) Some seals which refer to his elder brother as a C) Aparajita D) Chhittaraja Buddhist describe Harsha as a devoted Saiva. A) Both A and R are true, and B) Both A and R are true, but 200. Which dynasty did Harshavardhana belong to? R is the correct explanation of R is not the correct [RRB NTPC 2022] A explanation of A A) Gupta dynasty B) Chalukya dynasty C) A is true, but R is false D) A is false, but R is true C) Maurya dynasty D) Pushyabhuti dynasty 187. The temple of Deogarh near Jhansi and the sculptures in the temple at Garhwas near Allahabad remain important specimen of the_____. SANGAM AGE A) Gupta art B) Rashtrakutas art C) Pallavas art D) Mauryan art 201. Which of the following rulers was not related to Sangam 188. Which Persian king did Chalukyan king Pulakeshin II send State Chera? his embassy to? A) Nedeon B) UdayinJarral A) Khusrau II B) Xerxes C) Nedunjaral D) Nedum C) Cyrus D) Darius I 202. Silappadikaram' is a Tamil epic that was written by 189. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? ______. A) Kubernaga – married to B) Dhruvadevi – Ramgupta’s A) Avvaiyar B) Thiruvalluar Chandragupta I widow whom Chandragupta II C) Sattanar D) Ilango Adigal married C) Prabhavati – married to D) Kumardevi – married to 203. Which dynasty was NOT in power during the Sangam Chandragupta II Rudrasena II, the Vakataka Age? ruler A) Pandayas B) Cheras C) Cholas D) Pallavas 190. Which, among the following dynasties, had not participated in the tripartite struggle which took place in 204. Which of the following does NOT belong to the Five epics ancient India? of Sangam ? A) Palas B) Pratiharas A) Silapathigaram B) Manimeghalai C) Rashtrakutas D) Chalukyas C) Sivakachintamani D) Thirumurugatrupadai 191. Who composed the Allahabad Prashasti of 205. Tolkappiyam in Sangam age is the greatest work of Samudragupta? ______ literature. A) Ravikirti B) Umapati Dhara A) Tamil B) Telugu C) Vatsabhaṭṭiḥ D) Harishen C) Sanskrit D) Kannada 192. Which one of the following texts is a treatise on 206. The term amaichar best described as which among the astronomical system? following during the Sangam Period? A) Ganitsarsangrah B) Panchsidhantika A) Ministers B) Military commanders C) Namlinganusashna D) Asthanghriday C) Envoys D) Spies 193. Nalanda University was established by ______ in the 5th 207. Who was the last ruler of the Chola dynasty? century. [RRB NTPC 2016] A) Skandagupta B) Chandragupta II A) Rajaraja Chola 3 B) Rajendra Chola 3 C) Kumaragupta D) Samudragupta C) Vijayalaya Chola D) Koluthunga Chola 3 194. Who among the following was the founder of the 208. What was ‘Sangam’ in ancient India? Vakataka Dynasty? A) Sangha or Mandal of Tamil B) Tamil King’s court poets A) Pravarasena I B) Vindhyashakti poets. C) Pravarasena II D) Prabhavatigupta C) Tamil settlement D) Mesolithic graves 195. On the banks of which river was the war between 209. In which of the following cities was the Sangam Harshavardhana and Pulakeshin II fought? assemblies held? 8 A) Nagapattinam B) Thiruvarur 210. How many Sangams (assembly of Tamil poets) were held C) Thiruvallur D) Madurai in south India? A) Four B) Three C) Five D) Two ANSWER KEY Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ans C D A B D B B D D D A D A D Q. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Ans D D C A C A D B B D D A A C Q. 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Ans D C A A D D C D A C A C D A Q. 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Ans D C D B C A D C D C B B B B Q. 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Ans A B D A D A D B C A A B A C Q. 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Ans C A B A C B A C C C A B C A Q. 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Ans B C B A D D D B B D B D C C Q. 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 Ans A B D C C A A B A C B C C B Q. 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 Ans B A D A A C C A A D D A D B Q. 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 Ans C C B A A B A B D C D B A D Q. 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 Ans A C D C D C D C C A B D B A Q. 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 Ans C D D B C D D D D A C D C A Q. 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 Ans C B A B B B D B D C B B A B Q. 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 Ans A D D D A A B D D B C B A B Q. 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 Ans A D A D A D D D A A B A D B SOLUTIONS 3. The Indus Valley Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilization STONE AGE & INDUS VALLEY that existed in the northwestern part of South Asia from 2500–1700 BCE. The civilization is known for its development CIVILIZATION of techniques in metallurgy and the use of bronze, copper, lead and tin for utensils, sculptures, vessels, and jewellery. 1. The most significant feature of Indus Valley civilization was the buildings made of the bricks. Indus Valley Civilization 4. The history of India begins with the birth of the Indus Valley is also known as Harappan Civilization, which flourished Civilization, known more specifically as the Harappan around 2500 BC in Pakistan and Western India. Civilization. It flourished around 2,500 BC, in the western part 2. Dholavira, an archaeological site, is associated with of South Asia, that is Pakistan and Western India. the Indus Valley Civilization period. Dholavira is an archaeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat in western India, which has taken its name from a modern-day village 1 kilometer south of it. 9 5. Site Excavator Region Findings 11. Steatite was the material used to make most of the standard Harappan seals. These seals were square in shape Rows of 6 with a 2 × 2 dimension and were primarily used for commercial granaries. purposes. Steatite is a soft stone that was easy to carve and Stone was readily available in the region. lingam & 12. Ropar in Punjab is the site of the earliest Indus Valley yoni excavations in independent India and a well-developed figures. civilization. Recent excavations have further established its Wheat & Montogomery significance. Banawali in Haryana is another Indus Valley site Barley in Dayaram on the bank of the Saraswati River. However, the correct district of Pakistan, the Harrapan Sahani answer to the question is Ropar. Left bank of river wooden (1921) 13. Firstly, in 1921, Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni, under the Ravi. altar. Dancing direction of Sir John Marshall, Director General of the Nataraja. Archaeological Survey of India, explored Harappa located on Copper the banks of the Ravi river in the Montgomery district of scale, Punjab (present-day Pakistan). Three names are used for this mirror, civilization - Indus Civilization, Indus Valley Civilization and vanity box, Harappan Civilization. dice. 14. The Kalibanga site of Harappa has shown evidence of an Pashupati earthquake around 2600 BC, which brought an end to the seals. Early Indus settlement at the site. This is perhaps the earliest Bronze archaeologically recorded earthquake. sculpture 15. Mehrgarh is located in the valley of the Bolan river in the of a dancing Kacchi plains, about 150 km from Quetta in Baluchistan. It is a girl. pre-pottery Neolithic culture and the inhabitants used Steatite polished stone axes, querns, microliths, and bone tools. Bones RD Larkana district in of gazelle, swamp deer, and antelopes indicate that they image of a Mohenjodaro Banerjee Sindh on the right hunted wild animals too. breaded (1922) bank of Indus. 16. The overlap between Late Harappan and Ochre Coloured man. Terracotta Pottery phase can be traced at Bargaon and Ambakheri sites figurine of in western Uttar Pradesh. The evidence suggests an eastward Mother and southward migration of the Harappans. The Ochre Goddess. Coloured Pottery culture is a Bronze Age culture of the Indo- Three Gangetic Plain, generally dated "2000–1500 BCE," extending cylindrical from eastern Punjab to northeastern Rajasthan and western seals. Uttar Pradesh, showing similarities with both the Late Harappan culture and the Vedic culture. 6. The main sites of the Indus Valley Civilization are 17. The Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi undertook Rakhigarhi (first site with genetic testing), Sanauli, Farmana, the excavation work of Kalibangan. Kalibangan is a town Kalibangan, Lothal, Dholavira, Mehrgarh, Harappa, located on the left or southern banks of the Ghaggar in Chanhudaro and Mohenjodaro. Hanumangarh District, Rajasthan. The name " Kalibanga " Uruk, also known as Warka or Warkah, was an ancient city of means " Black colored Bangles ". The leg bone of the elephant Sumer (and later of Babylonia) situated east of the present was found in Kali Bangan. bed of the Euphrates River on the dried-up ancient channel of 18. The excavation work of Ahar was accomplished under the the Euphrates 30 km east of modern Samawah, Al-Muthannā, leadership of H.D. Sankalia. Ahar civilization was located in Iraq. Udaipur, Rajasthan. This civilization was situated near the 7. The bull was frequently seen on the seals of the Harrapan Banas River. It was also known as 'Tamravati'. Civilisation. Harappan seals and materials were found 19. The part of Harappan cities that was known as the citadel in Sumerian, Mesopotamian Oman, Bahrain, and Iran. was the West Side. It was typically located on a raised area 8. Harappa is the earliest city discovered in India was and was surrounded by high walls. The citadel was home to Harappa. It was excavated in 1921 in the Punjab province of the most important buildings in the city, including temples, British India. After the excavation of Harappa as the first site, palaces, and administrative buildings. the Indus Valley Civilisation is also known as Harappan 20. Harappa, one of the major cities of the ancient Indus Civilisation hereafter. Valley Civilization, was built on the bank of the Ravi River. The 9. Compared to Mohenjodaro, Chanhudaro was a small ruins of Harappa are located in present-day Pakistan, near settlement. This section was dedicated solely to the the city of Sahiwal in Punjab province. manufacturing of handicrafts. Bead-making, shell-cutting, 21. Mohenjo Daro is an archaeological site in the Sindh metal-working, seal-making, and weight-making are some of the principal craft productions. province of Pakistan. The meaning of Mohenjo is Daro The mound of the dead. After a year of discovery of the Harappa, 10. Indus Valley settlements procured shells from Nageshwar the archaeological site of Mohenjo-Daro was recognized in and Balakot, lapis lazuli from Shortughai, carnelian from 1922. Mohenjo-Daro was developed around 3,000 BCE from Bharuch, and steatite from Rajasthan and Gujarat. Copper the prehistoric Indus culture and it was among the largest was obtained from Oman. Local materials like soil and wood were also used. cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. 10 22. Harappans procured Lapis Lazuli, a blue stone 32. The Rig Veda is the oldest religious text in the world with from Shortughai. The Harappans used a variety of 1028 hymns divided into ten books. It contains the Gayatri materials for craft production. While some such as clay were Mantra and Purushasukta hymn which talks about the caste locally available, many such as stone, timber and metal had to system. The Vedas are the first religious text of Hinduism with be procured from outside the alluvial plain. four Vedas. 9th Mandala is a compilation of soma hymns. The 23. Canal traces have been discovered in Shortughai. 10th Mandala of Rigveda contains the Purushasukta about Shortughai is located in Afghanistan. It is thought to be the origin of the caste system the Indus Valley Civilization's northernmost 33. Samveda. It is one of the four main Vedas of Hinduism and settlement. Carnelian and lapis lazuli beads, bronze objects, is known as the "Book of Songs" or "Veda of Chants". It is a and terracotta figurines were found in Shortughai. collection of tunes and chants set to the words of Rigveda. The Gandharvaveda, which deals with art forms like music 24. R. D. Banerjee is the discoverer of Mohenjo-Daro and dance, is related to Samaveda. meaning “Mound of the dead”. The site was discovered in 1922. Mohenjo-Daro is an ancient city located in the province 34. Samaveda mentions about music. It is also called the book of Sindh, Pakistan. It was one of the largest settlements of the of melodies. It is a part of four Vedas namely Rig Veda, Sama Indus Valley Civilization. Veda, Yajur Veda, Atharvana Veda. It’s Upaveda is Gandharva 25. The 40th Indian point to be inscribed on the UNESCO Veda. World Heritage List is located in Gujarat. After the addition of 35. The Atharva Veda is one of the four Vedas which mentions the two spots, the number of World Heritage about magical rituals and charms.The Atharva Veda is spots in India stands to be 40. While Dholavira came to the sometimes called the "Veda of magical formulas”, an epithet fourth point from Gujarat and 40th from India to make the list, declared to be incorrect by other scholars. it's the first point of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation( 36. Som Veda is not a Veda. Vedas are written in Sanskrit and IVC) in India to get the label. oldest text about Hindu culture. They are also known as 26. Mesolithic period is marked by the development of Sruti. Vedvyasa is known to be compiled Vedas. grasslands. This in turn led to an increase in the number of 37. Out of the 108 Upanishads, 11 Upanishads are considered deer, antelope, goat, sheep and cattle, i.e. animals that survived on grass. Those who hunted these animals now to be the main. The word Upanishad means to sit down near followed them, learning about their food habits and their someone and denotes a student sitting near his guru to learn. breeding seasons. 38. The oldest existing veda focuses on worldly prosperity and 27. Burnt brick buildings are the most significant feature of the natural beauty. It was believed to be composed between 1500 Indus Valley Civilization. John Marshall was the first scholar to BC to 1000 BC. It comprises 1028 hymns which were use the term ‘Indus Valley Civilisation’. The Indus Valley dedicated to several deities, in particular, to their chief deity, Civilisation belongs to the Protohistoric Period (Chalcolithic Indra. These hymns were composed by sages (rishis). Age/Bronze Age). Dayaram Sahni first discovered Harappa 39. Sacrifice of cattle on a large scale due to Vedic Civilisation in 1921. practices was the root cause of the religious movements in India during the 6th century B.C. The simplicity, social equality, unity and morality of the Early Vedic times got lost in VEDIC AGE & RISE OF blind rites in form of animal sacrifices, numerous ceremonies MAHAJANAPADA and meaningless practices during the Later Vedic period. 40. Avanti, in the Malwa region of central India, was divided into a northern and a southern part by the Vindhyas. The two 28. "Satyameva Jayate" means "Truth alone triumphs". It is a important capitals of this kingdom part of a mantra from Mundaka Upanishad which is were Mahishmati (identified with modern Maheshwar) an ancient Hindu scripture. This phrase was adopted as the and Ujjayini (near modern Ujjain). Pradyota was a famous king national motto of India on 26 January 1950 following the of Avanti. independence of India. 41. Angutara Nikaya, a Buddhist scripture talks of 16 29. Atharva Veda is an Encyclopedia for medicine. It was Mahajanapadas. Most of them flourished in the northern or a collection of spells, prayers, charms, and hymns. There central part of the Indian subcontinent. Among them, Asmaka are prayers for various purposes like to protect crops from or Assaka was the only Mahajanapada in Dakshinapatha to lightning, against poisonous snakes, healing spells, love spells, be found south of the Vindhya Range. It was situated on versus, etc. The purpose of charms and spells is to ward off the banks of the Godavari in present- evils and disease. It contains the procedure for everyday life. day Telangana and Maharashtra. 30. 42. Vajji Mahajanapada was a confederation of 8 republican The Yajur Veda is an ancient collection of Sanskrit mantras clans. The principality of the Vajji (Vrijji) was in eastern India, and verses, used in Hindu worship and rituals. north of the Ganga, extending up to the Nepal hills. Historians The name was taken from the Sanskrit roots, yajur, consider the Vajji a confederacy of eight clans. This is based meaning "worship" or "sacrifice" and Veda, meaning on a reference in Buddhaghosha’s Sumangala Vilasini. "knowledge". Yajur Veda is sometimes translated as "Knowledge of the 43. The Chenab River, also known as Chandrabhaga, is a Sacrifice". tributary of the Indus River. It was called Askini during the Vedic period. It flows through Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and 31. Dhanurveda is related to Archery (Weapon). The Kashmir, and Punjab, Pakistan, and its waters are shared by word Dhanurveda comes from "Dhanus" meaning bow and India and Pakistan according to the Indus Waters Treaty. "Veda" meaning knowledge means the science of 44. Avanti, Chedi, Vatsa, Magadha, and Anga were powerful archery. Dhanurveda is an ancient treatise on the science of kingdoms in the 6th century B.C. Avanti was located in the archery and the art of warfare. 11 Ujjain district, Chedi in the eastern parts of modern 55. Jeevak was the name of the famous doctor in the court Bundellchand,