Gender and Society Chapter 1: Society PDF

**GENDER AND SOCIETY:** **INTRODUCTION** **GENDER -** socially constructed **SEX -** biologically constructed \- Society before gender and development **Gender and Development - Historical Framework** **40's - 60's** - Increase women's political participation and harness their labor cap...

**GENDER AND SOCIETY:** **INTRODUCTION** **GENDER -** socially constructed **SEX -** biologically constructed \- Society before gender and development **Gender and Development - Historical Framework** **40's - 60's** - Increase women's political participation and harness their labor capacities to meet national development goals - Women were seen as wives and mothers **70's - 80's** - Development should empower women and men to greater self -reliance and assertion of own capabilities - Role of women was promoted as vital aid for every economic development **Late 80's- 90's ongoing** - Integrate gender awareness and competence into mainstream development **Chapter 1:** **SOCIETY** **[What is society?]** **Origin of Society** ***SOCIETE* -** French word which emerged in 15th century ***SOCIETAS***- Latin word, "friendly association with others" ***SOCIUS -** "companion, associate, and comrade or business partner"* **Definition of society** - Society is simply defined as a group of individuals which is characterized by common interests and may have distinctive culture. - Organized group of people associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes to obtain a common goal. **[Society vs. Culture]** **Society-** an interdependent community - A group of people who share common territory, interact with one another, and are bound by social relationships and institutions Example: Villages and Big Cities **Culture**- an attribute characteristics of community - The set of learned behaviors and beliefs that characterize a people group - Beliefs and symbolic form of a society **[TYPES OF SOCIETY]** **HUNTERS AND GATHERERS ** - Survived by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering plants Nomads  - Men - hunters  - women- gatherers **PASTORAL SOCIETIES ** - pasture animals for food and transportation - rely on the domestication of animals as a source for survival **HORTICULTURAL** - rely on cultivating fruits, vegetable, and plants  - hand tools to cultivate their farm - start of permanent settlements **AGRICULTURAL** - relied on permanent tools for survival  - Agricultural revolution - Irrigation  - Development of cities and some form of technology **INDUSTRIAL ** - based on using machines  - Industrial revolution  - production of goods in mechanized factories **POLITICAL ORGANIZATION** **OF A SOCIETY** **BAND** - simplest form of human society - small kinship group no larger than extended family **CLAN** - Group of people united by kinship and descent - With common ancestor **TRIBE** - Social division within a traditional society - Consisting of a group of interlinked families or communities sharing a common culture and dialect. - Tribes have leaders but only limited power **ETHNIC GROUP** - Wider community compared to tribe - Human population whose members identify with each other usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or lineage **CHIEFDOM** - Any community led by Chief - **chief** - full time leader with real authority to make major decisions - **elite class** - ruling influence, power, and prestige **STATE** - a political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. *Four main characteristics* - Population (people) - Territory (a well-defined geographic area) - Government (politically organized) - Sovereignty (supreme and absolute power) **SOCIETY IN VARIOUS PERSPECTIVE** 1. EVOLUTIONARY- from nomadic to settlement to the birth of SOCIETY. 2. POLITICAL - a system was established as necessary measure for protection 3. ECONOMICAL - people must produce to address and sustain essential needs of the now and next generation.