GENBIO1 2Q Week 1 Plasma Membrane Transport Mechanisms PDF

hola soy sir kenneth AQUAPORINS  To know our learning objectives, can you say map?  learning objectives 1 3 Describe the structural 2 Define components of...

hola soy sir kenneth AQUAPORINS  To know our learning objectives, can you say map?  learning objectives 1 3 Describe the structural 2 Define components of the Enumerate tonicity and plasma membrane and important relate the structure to its function. materials that its effects on Describe each enter and exit the cell and identify cell transport MECHANISM the transport mechanism used to move them STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION  OF A CELL MEMBRANE MEET THE PLASMA MEMBRANE MEET THE PLASMA MEMBRANE A transport protein is a type of protein found in the cell membrane that helps move substances across the membrane. (ions, molecules, and other substances) MEET THE PLASMA MEMBRANE A glycoprotein is a type of protein that has carbohydrate (sugar) molecules attached to it. MEET THE PLASMA MEMBRANE It is an essential component of animal cell membranes and contributes to membrane fluidity, stability, and permeability. MEET THE PLASMA MEMBRANE In the cell membrane, globular proteins play critical roles in various processes, acting as enzymes, receptors, transporters, and more. MEET THE PHOSPHOLIPID STRUCTURE THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER Consists of a with attached to , and a attached to the. , has and PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER BILAYER PLASMA MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID AKA BILAYER The existence of plasma membrane was discovered in 1890s, and its chemical components was discovered in 1915 In 1935, and theorize that the structure of plasma membrane resembles a In 1972, proposed the. BILAYER  MEMBRANE PROTEINS 1. Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane Many are transmembrane that completely span the plasma membrane 2. Not imbedded in the membrane at all Found on the periphery or on the sides of the membrane COMPONENTS OF THE MEMBRane PLASMA Component Function Phospholipid Main fabric of the membrane Cholesterol Cell insulation Protein Transport of substances through membrane and cell recognition Carbohydrates Cell recognition  Functions MEMBRANE OF THE MACROmolecules forms boundary to isolate cell contents from environment l- increased bilayer fluidity and reduces permeability to water-soluble substances. - regulate movement of water-soluble substances  (REVIEW) COMPONENTS PLASMA OF MEMBRANE These are the proteins that regulate the movement of molecules across the membrane. These proteins form the transport mechanisms of the cell. They are composed of carriers, channels and receptor proteins.  (REVIEW) COMPONENTS PLASMA OF MEMBRANE Determines and maintains the structure and form of the plasma membrane. They are responsible for the shape of the cell and the attachment of macromolecules in the membrane.  (REVIEW) COMPONENTS PLASMA OF MEMBRANE The interior protein network of a cell, also referred to as the cytoskeleton, is a complex network of protein filaments that provides structural support, maintains the cell’s shape, and facilitates various cellular functions.  (REVIEW) COMPONENTS PLASMA OF MEMBRANE They are responsible for the recognition of foreign and local (self) tissues and cells. Cell surface markers, also known as cell surface antigens or membrane markers, are specific proteins, glycoproteins, or glycolipids present on the surface of cells that serve as identifiers or flags. These markers are critical for cell communication, identification, and interaction with other cells and the environment.  FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS MEMBRANE CARBOHYDRATES A protein that spans the membrane may provide a hydrophilic channel across the Membrane Membrane proteins facilitate the movement of molecules and ions across the cell membrane, which is selectively permeable.  FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS MEMBRANE CARBOHYDRATES A protein built into the membrane may be an enzyme with its active site exposed to substances in the adjacent solution. Some membrane proteins function as enzymes, catalyzing chemical reactions on the inner or outer surface of the membrane.  FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS MEMBRANE CARBOHYDRATES A protein built into the membrane may have a binding site with a specific shape that fits the shape of a chemical messenger, such as a hormone. Membrane proteins act as receptors that bind signaling molecules (ligands) like hormones, neurotransmitters, or growth factors.  FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS MEMBRANE CARBOHYDRATES Some membrane proteins help cells adhere to one another, forming junctions between cells that maintain tissue structure and communication. Membrane proteins connect to the cytoskeleton inside the cell and the extracellular matrix outside the cell. These interactions help maintain cell shape, stabilize the membrane, and allow for signal transduction.  Oh no, swiper wants to steal the information for the next lesson Swiper, no swiping! cell TRANSPORT MECHANISM  To know our learning objectives, can you say map?  learning objectives 1 3 Describe the structural 2 Define components of the Enumerate tonicity and plasma membrane and important relate the structure to its function. materials that its effects on Describe each enter and exit the cell and identify cell transport MECHANISM the transport mechanism used to move them  cell TRANSPORT MECHANISM Refer to the various ways by which can be to If the exchange of substances of the concentration gradient, there is for from external factors If the exchange of substances occur of the gradient, of are required BILAYER  terms Refers to the substance that needs to be dissolved, catalyzed or broken down in order to be utilized by the cell. Refers to the substance that will dissolve the solute such as water which is the versatile solvent. Refers to how solute particles will move through a gas or solution from an area with a higher number of particles to one with a lower number of particles while being separated by a membrane What are being transported? Molecules and Substances Example: Water Electrolytes (ions) Nutrients (macromolecules) Minerals  passive TRANSPORT Movement of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment  passive TRANSPORT Movement of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment Substances move from [high] [low] Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, OSMOSIS  1. passive TRANSPORT CONCENTRATION GRADIENT  SIMPLE DIFFUSION Happens when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Examples of diffusion: spraying aerosols, and perfumes High concentration (inside of the can)—the molecules are packed tightly together…. To a LOW concentration – when sprayed, the molecules are released to a more free environment The particles SPREAD OUT FACTORS THAT AFFECT DIFFUSION 1. Extent of the concentration gradient 2. Mass of the molecules diffusing 3. Temperature 4. Solvent density 5. Solubility FACILITATED DIFFUSION BILAYER FACILITATED DIFFUSION BILAYER  OSMOSIS The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane The diffusion of solvent from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration  (Water balance OSMOSIS IN without CELL WALL) ACTION The ability of the surrounding solution to cause a cell to loss or gain water  (Water balance OSMOSIS IN with CELL WALL) ACTION Is the process of maintaining salt and water balance (osmotic balance) across membranes within the body Helps in water balance HOMEOSTASIS  ACTIVE TRANSPORT Substances move from ACTIVE TRANSPORT (According to Energy) Requires energy to move solutes against their gradients To pump a solute across a membrane against its gradient requires work, the cell must expand energy , ,  ACTIVE PRIMARY TRANSPORT (According to Energy) Binding of to their active sites on the pump which are bound to ATP is hydrolyzed leading to phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic side of the pump is caused by the transfer of the terminal group of ATP to the transport protein making ATP become ADP  BULK & ENDOCYTOSIS/ VESICULAR EXOCYTOSIS PHAGOCYTOSIS PHINOCYTOSIS (CELL EATING) (CELL DRINKING) RECEPTOR- MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS PHAGOCYTOSIS (CELL EATING) PHINOCYTOSIS (CELL DRINKING) RECEPTOR- MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS  EXOCYTOSIS Substance is expelled after being enclosed in a vesicle within the cell Used to move large molecules out of the cell  REAL LIFE APPLICATION a procedure to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys stop working properly.  REAL LIFE APPLICATION diffusion is the primary mechanism for transporting moisture to the surface of fish during the drying procesS  REAL LIFE APPLICATION In the stomach, alcohol absorption is more of a passive process. This means that alcohol passes through the stomach lining into the bloodstream without the need for energy or special transport mechanisms. The detoxification part mainly happens in the liver, where active transport processes take over.. This means it requires energy and special enzymes to break down alcohol and remove it from your body. Thanks