GEN BIO 2 REVIEWER PDF

**GEN BIO 2 REVIEWER** **Regeneration --** The process by which some animals, like starfish, regrow lost body parts or even form new individuals from body fragments. **Fertilization --** The union of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote, which develops into a new organism. **External Fertilization...

**GEN BIO 2 REVIEWER** **Regeneration --** The process by which some animals, like starfish, regrow lost body parts or even form new individuals from body fragments. **Fertilization --** The union of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote, which develops into a new organism. **External Fertilization** -- The type of fertilization that happens outside the female's body, often in water, as seen in amphibians and fish. **Rhizobium Bacteria --** A type of symbiotic bacteria found in legumes that help fix nitrogen in the soil but also contribute to animal digestion and reproduction. **Ovoviviparous Reproduction --** A reproductive method in which offspring develop inside eggs that remain inside the mother's body until they hatch, as seen in some sharks and snakes. **Asexual Reproduction --** A type of reproduction in which an organism produces offspring without fertilization, resulting in genetically identical individuals. **Viviparous Animals --** Animals that give birth to live young instead of laying eggs, such as humans, dogs, and cats. **Sperm --** The male reproductive cell responsible for fertilization. **Oviparous Animals --** Animals that lay eggs for reproduction, such as birds, reptiles, and most fish. **Parthenogenesis --** A type of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into an individual without fertilization, seen in certain reptiles, insects, and fish. **Binary Fission --** A form of asexual reproduction in which an organism splits into two identical individuals, commonly seen in bacteria and protists. **Internal Fertilization** -- The type of fertilization that occurs inside the female's body, common in mammals, birds, and reptiles. **Egg (Ovum) --** The female reproductive cell that combines with the sperm during fertilization to form a new organism. **Sexual Reproduction** -- A type of reproduction that requires two parents and results in genetic variation in offspring. **Budding --** A process where a new organism grows out of the body of the parent, as seen in hydra and yeast. **Sunlight --** The main source of energy for plants is sunlight, which is used in photosynthesis. **Chlorophyll** -- This green pigment captures light energy during photosynthesis. **Carbon dioxide** -- Plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis. **Glucose** -- The primary product of photosynthesis is glucose, which provides energy for the plant. **Magnesium** -- Magnesium is essential for chlorophyll production. **The soil** -- Plants obtain nitrogen primarily from the soil in the form of nitrates and ammonium. **Autotrophic nutrition --** Green plants make their own food through photosynthesis, a process called autotrophic nutrition. **Transpiration --** Plants release excess water in the form of vapor through transpiration. **Nitrogen --** Nitrogen is a macronutrient required in large amounts for plant growth. **Promotes root growth and flower development --** Phosphorus is essential for strong root systems and flower formation. **Roots --** The roots absorb most of the water and minerals needed by the plant. **Regulates water balance and enzyme activation --** Potassium helps regulate water balance and enzyme functions in plants. **Phosphorus --** Phosphorus is a macronutrient, not a micronutrient. **Passive absorption** -- Plant roots absorb water mainly through passive absorption by osmosis. **Rhizobium bacteria --** Legumes have Rhizobium bacteria in their root nodules, which help fix nitrogen from the air into the soil.