GEN-003_P1-REVIEWER PDF - Science & Technology (Philippines)

Oh sa mga kabataan dyan, wag puro cellphone, review review din! Good luck! Fighting! GEN 003 MODULE 1 SCIENCE - comes from the Latin word scientia, meaning 'knowledge’. - It refers to a systematic and methodical activity of building and organizing knowl...

Oh sa mga kabataan dyan, wag puro cellphone, review review din! Good luck! Fighting! GEN 003 MODULE 1 SCIENCE - comes from the Latin word scientia, meaning 'knowledge’. - It refers to a systematic and methodical activity of building and organizing knowledge about how the universe behaves through observation, experimentation or both. TECHNOLOGY - comes from the Greek root word techne, meaning ‘art, skill, or cunning of hand’. - It is the application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to produce services, materials, tools, and machines aimed at solving real-world problems. SOCIETY - comes from the Latin word societas, which in turn was derived from the noun socius. - It is a group of people who live in a definable community and share the same cultural components. Science, Technology & Society (STS) - is an Interdisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore and understand the many ways that modern science and technology shape Ten emerging ethical dilemmas and policy in science and technology every year. 1. Helix - a digital app store designed to read genomes 2. BlessU-2 and Pepper - first robot priest and monk 3. Emotion Sens as Facial Recognition – a software being developed to assess your reactions to anything such as shopping and playing games. 4. Ransom ware - a way of holding data hostage through hacking and requiring a ransom to be paid 5. Textalyzer - a device to an accident nether a driver was using his or her phone during an accident. 6. Social Credit System - a system of scoring citizens through their actions by placing them under constant surveillance (which China plays to adopt) 7. Google Clips - a hands-free camera that lets the user capture every moment effortlessly 8. Sentencing Software - a mysterious algorithm designed to aid courts in sentencing decisions 9. Friendbot - an app that stores the deceased's digital footprint so one can still "chat" with them 10. Citizen App - an app that notifies users of ongoing crimes or major events in a specific area “Interconnections: A Systems History of Science, Technology, Leisure, and Fear” by Fred Phillips: Interdisciplinary Research: The article discusses the role of interdisciplinary studies in fostering innovation within science and technology. Systems and Complexity Theory: It highlights the significance of these theories in understanding the interconnected nature of societal and technological changes. Quantum Technology: The piece touches upon the implications of quantum advancements on society and its fears. Internet’s Role: The internet’s contribution to increasing societal connectivity and its subsequent effects on social attitudes is a focal point. Sometimes, dangerous changes in social attitudes. MODULE 2 Historical antecedents refer to the important events, discoveries, and inventions that paved the way for modern advancements in science and technology. It is important to study because understanding these periods allow us to trace the evolution of human ingenuity and societal progress. PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD (2.5 million years ago to 3000 BCE). - Focus on survival and basic needs. Tools made of stones, wood, and bone. Major Contributions: Stone Tools: Early humans created basic tools for hunting and gathering. Fire: Used for cooking, protection, and warmth. Domestication: Taming animals and planting crops. Significance: Laid the foundation for human survival and development. ANCIENT PERIOD (3000 BCE to 500 CE) - Rise of civilizations, written records, and organized societies. Major Contributions: Mesopotamia: Invention of the wheel, cuneiform script. Egypt: Engineering (pyramids), calendar, and hieroglyphics. Greece: Foundation of philosophy and science (e.g., Aristotle, Archimedes). China: Paper, gunpowder, silk production. Significance: Science and technology became essential for advancing society and addressing practical problems. MEDIEVAL PERIOD (500 CE to 1500 CE) - Focus on religious and philosophical ideas, rise of universities, and technological growth. Major Contributions: Islamic Golden Age: Advancements in mathematics (algebra), astronomy, and medicine. Europe: Printing press by Johannes Gutenberg. China: Compass for navigation. Architecture: Gothic cathedrals, mechanical clocks. Significance: Technologies spread through trade, war, and exploration, shaping global progress. EARLY MODERN PERIOD (1500 CE to 1800 CE) - Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. Major Contributions: Scientific Method: Development of evidence-based experimentation. ⚬ Key Figures: Copernicus: Heliocentric theory (sun-centered universe). Galileo: Advancements in astronomy and physics. Newton: Laws of motion and gravity. Inventions: Microscope, telescope, steam engine. Significance: Shift from superstition to scientific reasoning; laid the groundwork for modern science. MODERN PERIOD (1800 CE to present) - Rapid industrialization, globalization, and technological breakthroughs. Major Contributions: Industrial Revolution: Machines, factories, and urbanization. 20th Century: Electricity, automobiles, airplanes, computers. 21st Century: Artificial Intelligence (AI), biotechnology, quantum computing. Significance: Modern technology transformed communication, health, and lifestyle globally. An antecedent is defined as a precursor to the unfolding or existence of something. Science and Technology in the Philippines  1) Pre-Spanish Period – simple tools or weapons of stone flakes are used but eventually developed techniques for sawing, drilling and polishing hard stones. 2) Spanish Regime – development of science and technology were greatly shaped by the role of the religious orders. 3) American Regime – a system of secularized public school education as soon as the civil government was set up in the islands. 4) Japanese Occupation – brought educational and scientific activities. 5) Science and Technology since Independence – the lack of government support; the dearth of scientists of high training and ability; low morale of scientists and a lack of public awareness of Science. Philippine Science and Technology (Pre-Colonial Period) - Indigenous knowledge and practices. Examples: Agriculture: Rice terraces of banaue (engineering and irrigation systems). Tools: Use of bamboo, rattan, and stones for fishing, hunting, and crafts. Herbal Medicine: Use of plants for healing. Social Context: Developed technologies were influenced by the needs of the community and natural resources. Philippine Science and Technology (Spanish Period) (1565-1898) - Spanish colonization introduced Western science and technology. Examples: Infrastructure: Churches, bridges, and roads. Education: Establishment of formal education systems (e.g., University of Santo Tomas). Printing Press: Spread of knowledge through books. Social Context: Technologies were used for colonization, religion, and societal control. Philippine Science and Technology (Post-Colonial to 21st Century)  - Emphasis on science, technology, and innovation. Examples: Inventions: Salamander Amphibious Tricycle, E-Jeepney, and locally developed medicines. Science Research: Establishment of DOST (Department of Science and Technology). IT and Space Tech: Launch of Diwata microsatellites. Social Context: Driven by globalization, education, and national development goals. MODULE 3 Intellectual Revolutions can be defined as the historical changes in the thoughts, beliefs and social institutions due to new ideas and principles. Nicolaus Copernicus -was an astronomer who proposed the heliocentric system that the planets orbit around the Sun. Copernican Revolution - Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) - Heliocentric Model of The Universe: places the Sun at the center of the Solar System. - Met huge resistance from church, which led to the prohibition of reading De Revolutionibus - Was soon accepted by other scientists (Galileo Galilei) - Was then capped off by Isaac Newton. Charles Darwin -was a British naturalist who developed a theory of evolution based on natural selection Darwinian Evolution  - Charles Darwin (1809-1882) - Theory of Evolution: all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Natural Selection – evolutionary process by which organisms inherit, develop, and adapt traits that favored survival and reproduction. Sigmund Freud -was the founding father of psychoanalysis - a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behaviour. Freudian Revolution - Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) - Psychoanalytic Theory: human behavior is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges. - Proposed Id, Superego, and Ego Id - primitive and instinctive component of personality. Ego - the ego develops from the id during infancy. The ego’s goal is to satisfy the id’s demands in a safe and socially acceptable way. In contrast to the id, the ego follows the Reality Principle as it operates in both the conscious and unconscious mind. Superego - the superego operates on the morality principle and motivates us to behave in a socially responsible and acceptable manner. The superego is a part of the unconscious that is the voice of conscience (doing what is right) and the source of self-criticism. OEDIPUS COMPLEX VS ELECTRA COMPLEX - while the oedipus complex concerns the conflicts between a mother and a male child during phallic development, the electra complex relates to the relationship between the female child and her father. Both deal with the awareness of their sexuality, transferring their parents’ desires to the opposite sex. IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS ON SOCIETY Social change: Challenged established norms and values. Scientific progress: Fostered critical thinking and innovation. Cultural impact: Influenced art, literature, and philosophy. MODULE 4 Nation Building – is a process with an end goal of establishing common interests, goals and preferences among citizens of a country towards the formation of that country where the people have no intentions of Separating themselves from one another. What is Science and Technology in Nation Building? Science and Technology is essential in nation building. Scientific knowledge and technological advancements are needed to address problems and concerns such as climate change, natural disasters and epidemics. Also, they are needed to increase industrial productivity leading to economic development. How does Science and Technology contribute to Nation Building? ➔ Science and technology have played a crucial role in the development of the Philippines as a nation. In Section 10, Article XIV of 1987 Philippine Constitution, it is stated that “Science and Technology are essential for national development and progress”. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is the agency concerned with advancing the country’s scientific and technological capacity. The DOST is composed of: 1) the sectoral planning councils, 2) collegial and scientific bodies, 3) S&T services and 4) research and development (R&D) institutes. Balik Scientists Program The program aims to encourage Filipino Scientists or Scientists of Filipino descent to return to the Philippines and conduct research or scientific undertakings. Dr. Josefino C. Comiso ➔ One of those Balik Scientist, whose goal is to: "improve the ability of the country to utilize advanced technology in addressing problems on natural resource management, especially as related to climate and environmental changes''. GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RA 2067 - also known as the Science Act of 1958, is a law in the Philippines that aims to advance scientific and technological research and development. It was signed into law on June 13, 1958. RA 8439 - provides that government S & T personnel not employed by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), who are involved in STA may avail of the benefits under this Act upon certification of the DOST Secretary RA 7687 - provides scholarship slots to poor but deserving students whose families’ annual gross incomes do not exceed the poverty threshold limit. RA 11035 - an Act. Institutionalizing the. Balik Scientist Program RA 11337 – an act providing benefits and programs to strengthen, promote and develop the philippine startup ecosystem. RA 9513 - this Act shall establish the framework for the accelerated development and advancement of renewable energy resources, and the development of a strategic program to increase its utilization. RA 11365 - the State is mandated to promote a tourism industry that is ecologically sustainable, responsible, participative, culturally sensitive, economically viable, and equitable for the local community. MODULE 5 MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Storm surge modeling with NOAA. Fisherfolk registration for services and conservation. Promotion of renewable energy for broader access. Tools for addressing urban emissions and planning. Disaster response through early warning systems. Digital applications and literacy programs. Electronic medical records improving health access. Research on oxytocin for maternal health. TB and tobacco studies in children. MAJOR PERSONALITIES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Julian Banzon – Father of Philippine Inventors Gregorio Zara – Two-way telephone Reina Reyes – Astrophysicist Irene Crisologo – Rader Meteorologist Julius Sempio – Specialist in Geoinformatics and Remote sensing Andreia Carillo – Astrophysicist Kamela Ng – Molecular Epidemiologist Migs Canilao – Anthropologist and Archeologist Sarah Oliva – Geophysicist 3D LASER SCANNING  - Captures detailed spatial data by creating a 3D representation of cultural heritage sites or artifacts. MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING (MSI) - involves capturing images multispectral Imaging (MSI): at various wavelengths beyond what the human eye can VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITY (VR/AR) - technologies allow users to immerse themselves in historical and cultural contexts. PAPASA TAYO SA EXAM!!! CLAIM IT!!!