GE 9 MTERMS REVIEWER by Mary Joy Blanco Cancio PDF

**MARY JOY BLANCO CANCIO** **GE 9 MITERMS REVIEWER** **Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda** - Born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna Province, Philippines - Jose nicknamed by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph) - Jose Rizal came from...

**MARY JOY BLANCO CANCIO** **GE 9 MITERMS REVIEWER** **Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda** - Born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna Province, Philippines - Jose nicknamed by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph) - Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II and Teodora Alonso Realonda. - His mother almost died during delivery because of his big head. - Baptized in the Catholic Church on June 22, aged three years old, by Parish Priest Father Rufino Collantes (Batangueño). His Godfather (ninong) was Father Pedro Casanas (native of Calamba & close friend of Rizal Family) - With nine sisters and one brother. **RIZAL'S ANCESTORS** - Rizal was a 5th-generation patrilineal descendant of Domingo Lam-co, a Chinese immigrant entrepreneur who sailed to the Philippines from Jinjiang, Quanzhou in the mid-17th century. Lam-co married Inez de la Rosa, a Sangley of Luzon. - José Rizal also had Spanish and Japanese ancestors. His grandfather and father of Teodora was a half Spaniard engineer named Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo. His maternal great-great-grandfather was Eugenio Ursua, a descendant of Japanese settlers. **Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro, II (11 May 1818 -- 5 January 1898)** - He also attended the Colegio de San Jose in Manila, where he studied Latin and philosophy. - He was described by Rafael Palma: \"He was 40, of solid shoulders, strong constitution, rather tall than short, of serious and reflective mien, with prominent foreheadand large dark eyes. A pure Filipino." - Francisco married Teodora Alonso when he was 29 years old. The couple resided in Laguna, particularly in Calamba and built a business in agriculture. - He was a tenant and also a landowner of the Dominican state in Calamba, Laguna. - Pepe regarded him as "Model of FATHER". **Teodora Alonso Realonda de Quintos** **(8 November 1826 -- 16 August 1911)** - Was a wealthy woman in the Spanish colonial Philippines. - Realonda was born in Santa Cruz, Manila. She was also known for being a disciplinarian and hard-working mother. Her medical condition inspired Rizal to take up medicine. - She was the second child of Brijida de Quintos and Lorenzo Realonda, a municipal captain in Binán, Laguna, was an educated woman, who became a housewife, devoted to caring for her family\'s needs. She was an industrious and educated woman (studied Spanish at Colegio de Santa Rosa), managing the family\'s farm and finances. - Teodora used her knowledge to grow the rice, corn, and sugarcane that sustained the family\'s well-to-do lifestyle. - She also expanded the family business into the areas of textiles, flour, and sugar milling, refining these raw materials and selling the finished staples from a small store on the ground floor of the family home. - Pepe considered her a remarkable woman. **SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)** - was known as Neneng. - Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. - She was married to Manuel T. Hidalgo, a native and one of the richest persons in Tanauan, Batangas. **PACIANO RIZAL(1851-1930)** - Only brother of Jose Rizal and the - second child. - Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution. - He lived a quiet life as a gentleman farmer, and died on April 13, 1930 at the age of 79 of tuberculosis. **NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939)** - The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician. - Sisa married Antonino Lopez, a teacher and musician from Morong, Rizal. **OLIMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)** - The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth. - Olympia married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila. **LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)** - The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa. - Lucia Rizal was married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba. When her husband died in the cholera epidemic in 1889, **MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)** - The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna. - She married a very young man from Biñang whose name is Daniel Faustino Cruz. **JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)** - The second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896. **CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865)** - Also called 'Concha' by her siblings, Concepcion Rizal (1862-1865) was the eight child of the Rizal family. She died at the age of three. - Among his sisters, it is said that Pepe loved most the little Concha who was a year younger than him. Jose played games and shared children stories with her, and from her he felt the beauty of sisterly love. When Concha died of sickness in 1865, Jose mournfully wept at losing her. **JOSEFA RIZAL(1865-1945)** - The ninth child. An epileptic, died - a spinster. - Jose nicknamed her as - Panggoy - Was an original katipunera **TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)** - Or known as 'Trining - The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die. - **SOLEDAD RIZAL** - **(1870-1929)** - Also called 'Choleng, - The youngest child married - Pantaleon Quintero. - Being a teacher, she was arguably the best educated among Rizal's sisters. **RIZAL'S EARLY CHILDHOOD** - In 1876 when he was 15 years old and was a student in the Ateneo de Manila, he remembered his beloved town. - He wrote a poem Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of my Town). **EARLIEST CHILDHOOD MEMORIES** - The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden. - Because he was a frail, sickly, and undersized child, he was given the most tender care by his parents. **THE HERO'S FIRST SORROW** - Of his sisters, Jose loved most little Concha (Concepcion). He was one year older than Concha. - Unfortunately, Concha died of sickness in 1865 when he was 3 years old. Jose who was very fond of her, cried bitterly to lose her. **DEVOTED SON OF CHURCH** - Young Rizal was a religious boy. - A scion of a Catholic clan, born and bred in a wholesome atmosphere of Catholicism, and possessed of an inborn spirit, Rizal grew up a good Catholic. - One of the men he esteemed and respected in Calamba during his boyhood was the scholarly Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest. **FIRST EDUCATION** - Jose's first teacher was his mother. At the age of 3, Jose learned the alphabet and prayers from her. - Seeing Rizal had a talent for poetry, she encouraged him to write poems. She gave her all her love and all that she learned in college. **ARTISTIC TALENTS** - Since Early childhood Rizal revealed his god-given talents for the arts. - He draw sketches and pictures on his books of his sisters, for which reason he was scolded by his mother. - He carved figures of animals and persons out of wood. - Even before he learned to read, he could already sketch pictures of birds, flowers, fruits, rivers, mountains, animals and persons. - Jose had a soul of a genuine artist. - At the age of five, He could read their Spanish Bible haltingly. - **Artistic talents**. - - - - **MAN OF LETTERS** - - - **THE MAGICIAN** - **Early Education in Calamba and Binan** - Rizal's parents employed private tutors to give him lessons at home. The first was Maestro Celestino and the second, Maestro Lucas Padua. - Later, an old man named Leon Monroy, a former classmate of Rizal's father became his tutor. This teacher lived at the Rizal home and instructed Rizal in Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately, he did not live long. He died five months later. - After Monroy's death, Rizal's parents decided to send their gifted son to a private school in Binan. **Rizal goes to Binan** - June 1869- Rizal left Calamba for Binan accompanied by Paciano. - Got homesick on his first night. - *"In the moonlight, I remembered my home town, my idolized mother, and solicitous sisters. Ah, how sweet to me was Calamba, my own town, in spite of the fact that it was not as wealthy as Binan"* - *Paciano enrolled Rizal to the school of Maestro Justiano Aquino Cruz.* - *Rizal met bully, Pedro. Rizal, who was angry at this bully for making fun of him during his conversation with the teacher, challenged Pedro to a fight. Rizal having learned the art of wrestling from his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger boy.* - *After class, a classmate named Andres Salandanan challenged him to an arm-wrestling match. Rizal having the weaker arm, lost and nearly cracked his head on the sidewalk.* **Best Student in School** - In academic, Rizal beat all Binan boys. He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects. - **Juancho**- an old painter who was the father-in-law of the school teacher; give Rizal lessons in drawing and painting. - **1870**- Rizal received a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of the arrival of the streamer Talim which could take him from Binan to Calamba. - Saturday afternoon, December 17, 1870- Rizal left Binan after one year and a half of schooling - **Arturo Camps**- a Frenchman friend of Rizal's father who took care of him on board. **UNFORTUNATE EVENTS BEFORE ATENEO** - Martyrdom of GomBurZa (Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora- were executed at sunrise of February 17, 1872, by order of Governor General Izquierdo) - Injustice to Jose Rizal's Mother - (Before June, 1872) Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and her brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter's perfidious wife. **PART 1: RIZAL' EDUCATION IN MANILA 1872-1877** - Jose was the first of his family to adopt the surname "Rizal". He registered under this name at Ateneo because their family name "Mercado" had come under the suspicion of the Spanish authorities. - Rizal was first boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on Caraballo Street. This was owned by a spinster named Titay who owed the Rizal family the amount of 300 pesos - **Rizal, the Atenean** - - - **Father Magin Ferrando** - 1\. Late for registration 2\. Sickly and undersized for his age - **Manuel Xerez Burgos** - - **Ateneo Municipal** - - - **Jesuit Education** - - - - 1. 2\. **Carthaginian empire** -- Externos - 1\. **Emperor** 2\. **Tribune** 3\. **Decurion** 4\. **Centurion** 5\. **Standard-bearer** - - - - - **PART 2: RIZAL' EDUCATION IN MANILA 1877-1882 (UST)** - **April 1877** - Rizal who was then nearly 16 years old, matriculated in the University of Santo Tomas, taking the course on Philosophy and Letters because (1) his father like it (2) he was "still uncertain as to what career to pursue" - Father Pablo Ramon-Rector of Ateneo, who had been good to him during his student days in that college, asking for advice on the choice of a career but unfortunately he was in Mindanao - It was during the following term (1878-1879) that Rizal, having received the Ateneo Rector's advice to study medicine - During Rizal's first school term in the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1878), Rizal also studied in Ateneo. - He took the vocational course leading to the title of Perito Agrimensor (expert surveyor) - Rizal excelled in all subjects in the surveying course in Ateneo, obtaining gold medals in agriculture and topography - **November 25, 1881**- the title was issued to Rizal for passing the final examination in the surveying course - **1879** - he met a frail, beautiful young lady named Leonor Rivera which is the daughter of his landlord uncle Antonio Rivera. - At 18, he won a special prize "Indian and Mestizos" with a poem A La Juventud Filipina (To Filipino Youth) A La Juventud Filipina was an open avowal of nationalism - Finishing fourth year in UST, Rizal decided to continue his studies in Spain. - Three other reasons Rizal decided to continue his studies abroad: - - - - **RIZAL'S LIFE ABROAD** **TRAVEL TO SPAIN** - Jose Rizal decided to continue his studies particularly in Spain for him to acquire knowledge about a cure for his mother' worsening eye condition. - **May 3, 1882** - Rizal left the country through the Spanish steamer Salvadora bound to Singapore. - He was the only Filipino passenger on board and the rest were Spaniards, British, and Indian Negros. - After 5 days of sailing, the Salvadora reached Singapore. - After Singapore he boarded the ship Djemnah. - June 11, 1882 - the ship reached Napoli, Italy and from there the steamer stopped at the harbor of Marseilles and then he road a train going to Barcelona. **BARCELONA** - **June 16, 1882** - he arrived at the City of Barcelona. - Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay entitled "Amor Patrio (Love for Country)" It was published by Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882. - - **MADRID** - **September 1882** - Rizal moved to the Capital City of Spain. - **November 3, 1882** - He enrolled at the Central University of Madrid - Also enrolled at **Academy of San Carlos** - Rizal had a chance to meet **Consuelo Ortiga y Perez** - Rizal became a member of freemasonry with **"DIMASALANG"** as his masonic name. - **June 21, 1884** - Rizal completed his medical course and was conferred the degree of **Licentiate in Medicine** - **June 25, 1884** - Rizal made a speech in honor of **Juan Luna** and **Feliz Hidalgo** - **June 19, 1885** - he finished his course in Philosophy and Letters and gained the degree **Licienciado in Filosofia y Letras.** **PARIS** - Arrived in Paris on **October of 1885** and stayed there for 4 months. - He decided to migrate to Paris to specialize in **Ophthalmology**, but prior to doing so, he went to visit **Maximo Viola**, a friend from San Miguel, Bulacan. - Rizal also worked as an assistant to **Dr. Louis de Weckert's eye clinic** for four months - It was also in Paris that Rizal finished some part of his **Noli Mi Tangere.** - His friends were **Felix Hidalgo, Juan Luna and Pardo de Tavera.** - For the duration of his stay with Juan Luna, **Rizal became a model** and posed for two historical paintings of Luna: - - - Due to high cost of living, Rizal left Paris for Germany on **February 1886.** **GERMANY** - **February 3, 1886** Rizal arrived at an old university town in Heidelberg. - He worked as an **assistant** of **Dr. Otto Becker** at the University Eye Hospital. - But before transferring to the university, Rizal resided in a German boarding house where he became friends with a number of German law students. - He became a **member** of the **Chess Players' Club of Heidelberg**. - There, he wrote a poem entitled; A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) - - During his stay in Heidelberg, he lived with a Protestant pastor Dr. Karl Ullmen, who became his good friend - October 29, 1886, Rizal arrived at Dresden - Rizal arrived at Berlin on November 1, 1886. - Rizal worked as an assistant in the clinic of Dr. Schweigger; in the evening, he attended classes at the University of Berlin. - Rizal had to pawn his diamond ring given to her by his sister Saturnina and sell his books to bookstores to enable him to eat. - On July 3, 1887 - He left Rome and rode the train going to Marseilles, France. - Due to his poor nutrition, he got sick with tuberculosis. Without money during his time in Berlin, he planned to burn the manuscript of his first novel. - **JOSE RIZAL RETURNED TO CALAMBA** - He then boarded the Djemnah, the vessel that ferried him to Saigon, and from Saigon, he transferred to the steamer Haiphong in Vietnam and reached Manila on August 5, 1887. - Padre Faura told Rizal all the wrong points that he said in his novel, Noli Me Tangere. - Upon Rizal's arrival in Calamba on August 8, 1887, there were rumours spreading that Rizal was a German spy, a mason and many more. His father, Don Francisco, had hesitations on allowing Rizal to go out of their house. - He established a medical clinic and his first patient was his mother. He cured the sick and soon he was known to be an eye specialist and surgeon. - **Doctor Uliman** -- Rizal called by this name in the town because he was mistaken for a German. - **August 30, 1887** - Rizal left Calamba and went to Manila for he was invited to see Governor-General Emilio Terrero as regards his Noli. - On the other hand, Rizal's brother-in-law, **Mariano Herbosa** was denied of having a Christian burial by the Roman Catholic Church because he was married to **Lucia**, Rizal's sister. - **February 3, 1888** -- Before he left on Calamba, a friend of Rizal from Lipa requested him to write a poem. - The poem, **Himno al Trabajo or Hymn to LaboR** (Osias, 1948) depicts Rizal's appreciation for men's efforts and compliment the country's wealth and energy. - **"A Profanation" (Una Profanacion)** - - After six months in the Philippines, he left the country and went to Hong Kong. **TRIP TO HONGKONG** - **February 8, 1888 --** Rizal arrived in Hong Kong. - In Hong Kong, he was able to study the Chinese language, Chinese drama and theater, Chinese cultures and Chinese values. - Two days after, he left for Japan on Board the SS Oceania on **February 22, 1888**. **JAPAN** - **February 28, 1888 -** Rizal arrived in **Yokohama, Japan** and stayed at Tokyo Hotel for a few days. - During his stay in Japan, he studied the Japanese language or Nippongo, Japanese culture, theatres, martial arts and visited Japanese provinces. - O-Sei-San which Rizal met in Japan and they became lovers. - Nonetheless, Rizal had duties to fulfil for his country. So he decided to leave Japan and said his goodbyes to O-Sei-San. **USA** - **April 28, 1888** - Aboard a steamer, the entire boat was quarantined when it stopped in San Francisco - **May 4, 1888** - after a week of the quarantine, some passengers were allowed to disembark - **May 16, 1888** -- He left on New York after his trip in United States of America **LONDON** - **May 24, 1888 -** Rizal arrived in Liverpool, England - The Reason why Rizal chose to live London: - - Jose Rizal then met Dr. Reinhold Rost - Thankful to Dr.Rost, Rizal had the time to read Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. - good and bad news from the Philippines while he was in London and some of them are as follows: - - - - - - - **BACK TO PARIS** - **September 1888** - Rizal took a short visit to Paris for a short one week visit. To gather more materials for his historical researches at the National Library of France - At that time Rizal was attracted to **Gertrude Beckett**. - March 19, 1889 - Rizal founded the Kidlat Club and the Indios Bravos - **R.D.L.M**. **(Redencion de los Malayos)** Another society that Rizal founded in Paris in 1890 - **\"Filipinas Dentro deCien Años (The Philippines a Century Hence)** and the essay **\"Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos\" (On the Indolence of the Filipinos)** in 1890. **BELGIUM** - **January 28, 1890** - Rizal left Paris for Brussels, the capital of Belgium - Two reasons impelled Rizal to leave Paris, - Namely - - - Rizal was accompanied by **Jose Albert** when he moved to Brussels. They lived in a modest boarding house on 38 Rue Philippe Champagne, which was run by two Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and Marie). - **Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala (The New Orthography of the Tagalog Language)** was published in **La Solidaridad** on **April 15, 1890** - In the face of the sufferings which afflicted his family, Rizal planned to go home. He could not stay in Brussels writing a book while his parents, relatives, and friends in the distant Philippines were persecuted. - July 29, 1890- another letter to Ponce written at Brussels by Rizal, he announced that he was leaving Brussels at the beginning of the following month and would arrive in Madrid about the 3rd or 4th (August) - **"To my Muse'" (A Mi...)**- 1890, Rizal wrote this pathetic poem, it was against a background of mental anguish in Brussels, during those sad days when he was worried by family disasters. - Rizal left Madrid and went to Hong Kong after he published the El Fili in Europe. **HONG KONG** - **November 20, 1891** - he arrived in Hong Kong. He then decided to practice medicine, through his association with Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez, so he applied for a license and the license and was eventually granted. - he translated The **Rights of Man** written in French into Tagalog, **Ang Mga Karapatan ng Tao** - Rizal also wrote articles entitled, **A La Nacion Española (To The Spanish Nation) and Sa Mga Kababayan (To My Countrymen)** - Rizal started to write the constitution of **La Liga Filipina,** through the help o**f Jose Ma. Basa. La Liga Filipina** - Rizal and his sister Lucia left Hong Kong and returned to Manila in 1892, despite the warnings and his family's disapproval, Rizal arrived on June 26, 1892 - Rizal was captured and brought to **Fort Santiago** on **July 6, 1892** for the accusation that he brought with him from Hong Kong, leaflets entitled **"Pobres Friales"** or **poor friars**. - Though untrue, Rizal was exiled in **Dapitan, Mindanao.**