GE-2_2.pptx

THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY Kristofer G. Magabo, LPT INSTRUCTOR WHO NAMED FIRST THE PHILIPPINES?  It is divided in three island groups: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The Philippines was named after Prince Philip (Later King Philip II) of Spain by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos during his...

THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY Kristofer G. Magabo, LPT INSTRUCTOR WHO NAMED FIRST THE PHILIPPINES?  It is divided in three island groups: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The Philippines was named after Prince Philip (Later King Philip II) of Spain by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos during his 1542 – 1546 expedition to the islands.  WHO WAS THE FIRST FILIPINO?  Theearliest known anatomically modern human was from TABON CAVES in Palawan dating about 47, 000 years. NEGRITO GROUP were the 1st inhabitants to settle in Pre – Historic Philippines.  INFLUENCES OF OTHER COUNTRIES CHINA INDIA Ancient Filipinos traded with the Influences were mainly reflected Chinese during the Sung Dynasty in the local languages. Influences were mainly Waist looms, textiles, Modern economic. Barong Tagalog, and veils are Use of umbrellas, gongs, lead, similar to their counterparts in porcelain India. Manufacturing of gunpowder; Metallurgy Arranging the marriages of children by parents Wearing white shirts or dress as a sign of mourning  PRE COLONIAL How Abu Bakr Shariff established Sulu Islam Sultanate, Kabungsuwan traded in Lanao, got patterned after Sultanate of The become the first Sultan of here Arabia. Maguindanao. (14th century) Abu Bakr arrived MUDUM at Sulu (1450) the married introduced Baginda’s Islam to daughter, Malaysia. Paramisuli. (1380) (1390) Raja Mudum Baginda arrived preached and converted some Sulu Islam in natives. Jocaco, F. (1975). Questions and Challenges in the Sulu. Philippines PreHistory, Quezon City, University of the Philippines Press.  COSTUMS AND PRACTICES EDUCATION BAYBAYIN: 17 Letters (3 vowels, 14 consonants) Artifacts depicting other writing systems: 1. CALATAGAN Earthenware Pot (Batangas) 2. Butuan Silver Paleograph 3. Laguna Copperplate  BAYBAYIN Isone of the precolonial writing systems used by early Filipinos. The term “Baybayin” comes from the Tagalog root word baybay, which means “to spell.”  CALATAGAN Earthenware Pot (Batangas) The Calatagan Pot, as it is popularly known, is an ellipsoid earthenware container with everted syllabic inscriptions incised along its shoulder. Itwas discovered in Calatagan, Batangas, and brought to the attention of then National Museum junior archaeologist and site supervisor Alfredo Evangelista when he returned to the site on the weekend.  Butuan Silver Paleograph The Butuan Silver Palaeograph, also known as the Butuan Silver Strip, is a piece of metal with inscriptions found in Butuan, Agusan province in mid-1970s by a team of archaeologists from the National Museum of the Philippines. Treasure hunters who were looking for old ceramics and gold ornaments discovered this metal strip inside a wooden coffin.  LAGUNA COPPERPLATE The Laguna Copperplate Inscription is the earliest known written document found in the Philippines. Theplate was found in 1989 by a sand laborer near the mouth of the Lumbang River in Barangay Wawa, Lumban, Laguna. The inscription on the plate was first deciphered by Dutch anthropologist Antoon Postma.  ORNAMENTS VISAYANS were the most tattooed among ancient Filipinos. When the Spaniards came, they call the former as PINTADOS.  ARTS BUL-OL / BUL-UL – also known as bul-ul or tinagtaggu, is a carved wooden figure used to guard the rice crop by the Ifugao people of Northern Luzon. -best known of Ifugao figurative sculptures and usually take the form of either a standing or seated figure. BUL-OL / BUL-UL  MARRIAGES CUSTOMS Pamumulungan/Pamamalae – is a courtship right before a marriage Of MUSLIM (Stages): 1. PANALANGUNI (Betrothal) 2. PEDSUNGOD (Settlement of dowry) 3. PEGKAWING (Wedding Festival) Bigay-kaya/dowry consists of land, gold, or dependents.  GOVERNMENT The Chieftain exercised all the functions of government. BARANGAY: consisted of 30 to 100 families.  BURIAL MOROTAL (mourning of a woman) MAGLAHI(mourning of a man) LARAW (mourning of a chieftain) PASIYAM (ninth day of death was celebrated)  RELIGIOUS BELIEFS KATALONA(Tagalog/Kampangan) and BABAYLAN (Visayas) were the SPIRTUAL LEADERS. Pangunahing mga diyos:BATHALA – (Tagalog) ABBA – (Cebuano) LAON – (Bisaya)  ECONOMIC LIFE PILONCITOS – (considered as first monetary system of the country). Also known as BULAWAN and as “GRANITOS DE ORO” in every early records Small “bead-like” pieces of gold, which were used during the Philippines’ Archaic Period PILONCITOS  LANGUAGES Eight maybe considered as major: 1. HILIGAYNON 2. MAGINDANAO 3. ILOKANO 4. SUGBUHANON 5. KAPAMPANGAN 6. SAMARNON 7. TAGALOG 8. PANGASINAN  LANGUAGES came from the Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian language.  AUSTRONESIAN Relating to or denoting a family of languages spoken in an era extending from Madagascar in the west to the Pacific islands in the east. Also called Malayo-Polynesian, these are Sub-Group, spoken by the Austronesian people outside of Taiwan.  AUSTRONESIAN Austronesian languages, family of languages spoken in most of the Indonesian archipelago; all of the Philippines, Madagascar, and the island groups of the Central and South Pacific (except for Australia and much of New Guinea); much of Malaysia; and scattered areas of Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Taiwan. -Austronesian Native Tahitians, one of many Polynesian People in the Pacific. People- -Austronesian People “I found in this language (Tagalog) four qualities of the four (4) greatest languages of the world: 1. HEBREW 2. GREEK 3. LATIN 4. SPANISH It has the mysticism and difficulties of the HEBREW; the distinctive terms of the GREEK…; the fullness and elegance of LATIN; and the civility and courtesy of SPANISH.” (Chirino, P. Relacion de las Islas Filipinas, p. 52) SPANISH PERIOD  Changes under Spanish rule ECONOMIC TRIBUTO/BUWIS – direct POLO Y SERVICIO tax PERSONAL BANDALA 16 -60 year-old males – indirect tax; an enforced sale of goods This is work without compensation. SAMBOANGAN – tax to FALLA (money paid to be crush Moro raids exempted from polo) CEDULA PERSONAL – Worked for 40 days; then in replaced tribute; paid by 1884, was reduced to 15 days anyone who is over Male population declined. eighteen years old  TRIBUTO/BUWIS Ang tributo ang tawag sa pangkalahatang buwis na ipinataw ng mga español sa mga Pilipino. Ang paniningil nito ay nagsimula pa noong panahon ng sistemang encomienda. Ang lahat ng Pilipinong lalaki na mula 19 hanggang 60 taong gulang ay may obligasyong magbayad ng 8 reales ng buwis sa bawat taon. BANDALA The bandala was an indirect tax imposed on the Filipino farmers who were required to sell their products to the government.  SAMBOANGAN Tax to Crush Moro raids Special Tax of ½ Real or Rice was collected 1635 until Mid 19th Century Ang (vinta/Samboangan) ay ang buwis na binayaran ng mga naninirahan sa may kanlurang Luzon bilang tulong sa pagdepensa ng mga lalawigan sito mula sa banta ng mga Muslim  CEDULA PERSONAL CÉDULA PERSONAL The Cedula Personal or head tax was a form of taxation which replaced the tributary system in 1884. Thisserved as a paper which was used as proof that one was a colony of Spain and a legitimate member of a pueblo EDUCATIONAL For Boys: 1. Colegio Maximo de San Ignacio – first college for boys 2. Colegio de Ildefonso – sole secondary school outside Manila 3. Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Santisimo Rosario – present-day UST 4. Escuela Pia – present-day ADMU 5. Colegio de San Juan de Letran – oldest college in Philippines, and oldest secondary in Asia COLEGIO MAXIMO DE SAN IGNACIO COLEGIO DE ILDEFONSO  COLEGIO DE NUESTRA SENORA DEL SANTISIMO ROSARIO ESCUELA PIA COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN  EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH REGIME (1521-1896) EDUCATIONAL For Girls: 1. Colegio of Santa Potenciana – first school for girls 2. Colegio de Santa Isabel – oldest college for girls which operates up to the present  EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863 Free, Compulsory, Public Primary Schools At least two schools; one for boys, one for girls Learners: 6 -14 years old Required to teach Christian Doctrine, Spanish History, Reading and Writing. Girls were taught  SOCIO-CULTURAL 1. Gov-Gen Narciso Claveria made the Filipinos adopt Spanish surnames in his Catalogo alfabetico de apellidos. 2. Males are wearing barong tagalog or camisa de chino, and trousers. 3. Females have retained their baro and saya. 4. Fiestas, which is a celebration of a saint, is introduced. 5. Dominican priest, headed by Fr. Francisco Blancas de San Jose, introduced movable block printing. 6. Doctrina Christiana was the first published book in the country. 7. Tomas Pinpin was known as “Prince of Filipino Publishers”.  SOCIO-CULTURAL 8. Fr. Diego Cera made the las Pinas bamboo Organ in 1818, which up to the present, the only one of its kind in the world. 9. The first museum, Mueso-Biblioteca de Filipinas, was compelted in 1892. 10. Damian Domingo was the “Father of Filipino Painters”. 11. Rise of Social Classes: PENINSULARES – Spanish who was born in Spain and lived in the Philippines INSULARES – Spanish who was born and lived in the Philippines, called as the “Original” Filipinos MESTIZOS – mix both Spanish and Indio; They were regarded inferior people by both Spanish and Filipinos. INDIO – native Filipinos CHINESE MERCHANTS - This category represents Chinese merchants and traders of the pre-modern and early modern periods (up to 1911). For people involved in modern business Narciso José Anastasio Clavería y Zaldúa, 1st Count of Manila (May 2, 1795 – June 20, 1851) was a Spanish army officer who served as the Governor-General of the Philippines from July 16, 1844, to December 26, 1849.  The Doctrina Christiana (English: Christian Doctrine) were two early books on the catechism of the Catholic Church, both published 1593 in Manila, Philippines. These are two of the earliest printed books in the Philippines.  Tomás Pinpin was a printer, writer and publisher from Abucay, a municipality in the province of Bataan, Philippines, who was the first Philippine printer and is sometimes referred as the "Prince of the Filipino Printers." Fr. Diego Cera started with the construction of the bamboo organ in 1816 and it was finished eight years after in 1824. It has gone through a lot since then.  The National Library of the Philippines was established as the Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas through a royal decree by the then-ruling Spanish colonial government on August 12, 1887. The library opened to the public with 100 volumes on October 24, 1891. On December 10, 1898, as part of the peace agreement between Span and the United States to end the Spanish-American War, the territory of the Philippines was granted to the United States.  Damián Domingo y Gabor (February 12, 1796 – July 27, 1834) was the father of Philippine painting. Domingo established the official Philippine art academy in his residence in Tondo in 1821.  PENINSULARES Peninsulares were defined as pure blood, white Spaniards who were born in Spain but had moved to live in the Spanish colonies. Most immigrated to the colonies between the 16th and 18th centuries from the regions of Castile, Catalonia, and the island of Majorca in the Balearic Islands.  INSULARES Insulareswas the specific term given to criollos (full-blooded Spaniards born in the colonies) born in the Philippines or the Marianas. Insulareswere part of the second highest racial class in Spanish hierarchy below the peninsulares, or full-blooded Spaniards born in Europe.  MESTIZO Mestizo is a person of mixed European and Indigenous non-European ancestry in the former Spanish Empire. In certain regions such as Latin America, it may also refer to people who are culturally European even though their ancestors are Indigenous.  Indios were defined as the native indigenous peoples in all the Spanish American and Asian possessions. During the Spanish colonial period in the Mariana Islands (17th through 19th centuries) the CHamoru people were classified as indios. In the Spanish racial hierarchy, indios were the lowest-ranked group. The order was peninsulares, criollos, mestizos, Filipinos and indios.