Week 5 Lecture Notes on Happiness & Body Language PDF

EL PT N Prof. Manas Kumar Mandal Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Lecture 21 – Happiness & body language How does body language show happiness?  How much of emotion communication verbal? EL ...

EL PT N Prof. Manas Kumar Mandal Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Lecture 21 – Happiness & body language How does body language show happiness?  How much of emotion communication verbal? EL  What are channels of nonverbal communication? PT  How do we communicate happiness? N Source: Getty image  Nonverbal communication EL Facial expression PT Paralanguage Kinesics N Proxemics Source: Getty image [unsplash] Communication: Misconceptions  Communication is always a conscious process  Ability to communicate is an exclusive capacity of EL human beings  Adults communicate better than children PT  Good communicator has the capacity to deceive better N  We express ourselves better in verbal than nonverbal communication Why do we fail to communicate happiness? We fail to listen to others EL We process information differently We make incorrect assumptions PT We fail to articulate (what to say) N We fail to express nonverbally (how to say) The primary functions of NV communication  Express our emotions  Establish interpersonal relationships EL  Supplement meaning to verbal interactions  PT Reflect attitude, predisposition & personality  Perform rituals, customs in a society N Source: Getty image [unsplash] Channels of nonverbal behavior  Facial expressions of emotions EL  Paralanguage or vocalics  Gesture or kinesics PT Source: Getty image  Gaze behavior N  Interpersonal space or proxemics Facial expressions The face is exposed to the full view of others for EL the facility of the social system and interaction PT The amount (especially in a short period of time) & kind (emotional, attitudinal) of information that N it conveys is easy to comprehend Total impact of message: 0.07 verbal + 0.38 vocal + 0.55 facial [Mehrabian, 1972) Facial expressions that go unnoticed… Evident during deception, masking EL Typically, last for less than.5 second PT Spontaneous & involuntary in nature https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/blog/revealing-true-emotions- through-micro-expressions-a-machine-learning-approach/ Behavior leakage during stress, low N confidence Paralanguage or vocalization  Vocalization vs. Verbalization  Implicit characters of speech EL  Voice qualities: Pitch sense, vocal lip control, PT articulation control, rhythm, tempo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kR7pdD9rj8o  Vocal characteristics: Non-language sounds like laughing, giggling, sobbing, crying, etc. N  Vocal segregates: Non-words as uh-uh, which stands for affirmation and negation Proximal behavior & posture Physical distance Intimate space Personal space EL Social space PT Public space Source: Getty image [unsplash] N Spacing behavior Informal vs. formal space arrangement Face to Face vs. diagonal seating Familiarity & liking Gaze behavior A signal for communicating happiness EL Conversation & mutual gaze behavior Source: Getty image PT Gaze direction & intimate relationship https://www.nature.com/articles/35098149 Personality differences [introvert, extrovert] N Staring & pupillary behavior A cue of interpersonal attraction Influence on other’s behavior EL Conjugate eye movement PT Source: Getty image [unsplash] Pupillary dilation/constriction N Touch & Tactile behavior  Touch communication is an effective and intimate way to nurture relationship EL  Touch involves physical attachment PT  Effective tool for empathy N Source: Getty image  Easy to interpret, difficult to generalize EL  Highly susceptible to subjective bias  Inaccurate in isolation but fairly accurate in cluster PT  Often misperceived with acquired mannerism N  Training improves judgment  http://bodylanguageproject.com/nonverbal-dictionary/body-language-of- happiness-and-joy/ https://local.psy.miami.edu/faculty/dmessinger/c_c/rsrcs/rdgs/emot/Sauter-et- al_HPE_revision_final.pdf https://people.ict.usc.edu/~gratch/CSCI534/Readings/ACII-Handbook- GestureSyn.pdf EL https://www.paulekman.com/nonverbal-communication/ PT Sauter, D.A. (2017). The nonverbal communication of positive emotions: An emotion family approach.Emotion Review, 9, 222-234 10.1177/1754073916667236 N https://www.snapdeal.com/product/apa-handbook- of-nonverbal-communication/678062064534 N PT EL  EL PT N Prof. Manas Kumar Mandal Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Lecture 22 – Failure & Resilience How does failure make us resilient? EL  What does it mean to be a resilient person…?  What are their characteristic behavior? PT  Are they different from common man?  Why do we fail? N  Self‐awareness EL Self‐regulation Acceptance PT Internal locus of control N Failure Source‐unsplash: Getty images  Chetan Chittah Shot by terrorists with nine bullets Ready to return to duty – CRPF Hanamanthappa Koppad EL Buried under 25 feet snow, survived six days under it PT Died only after reaching hospital N Abhinandan Vartaman Under captivity in Pakistan Chose to return to his base in Srinagar instead of visiting home Photo source in the end Resilience …a process of adapting well in face of EL adversity, trauma, threat or tragedy …an ordinary ‘magic’ & not an extra‐ PT ordinary behavior Source‐unsplash: Getty images …they also experience difficulty but N behave differently The resilient person…  They either win or learn EL  They understand that all failures are temporary PT  Their anger is paired with determined action  They identify themselves as survivors & not a victim N  They find meaningfulness in every effort The resilient person…  They self regulate & set boundaries [believe that EL they can change the situation, rather than assuming that it is fixed] PT  They view stress to get stronger [they continue to see opportunity in all challenges] N  They cultivate self‐awareness [remain flexible & do not develop emotional glaciers, just to appear strong] The resilient person… They practice acceptance [witness & experience the full EL range of emotions & absorb lessons, only to bounce back] They consider possibilities [look at in a different way PT that they were not considering; maintain a positive outlook] N They have strong internal locus of control [attribute failure to his/her own mistake instead of blaming others] …why do we fail?  Keeping ‘success only’ in mind vs EL ability to ‘bounce back’  Inability to aim above mediocrity vs PT https://blog.museumoffailure.com/hbr‐ having a goal challenging enough the‐failure‐issue/  Overemphasis on best ideas vs N dwelling on alternatives Need for resilience in daily life…  When there are failures in my personal life EL  When I feel being criticized personally  When I am challenged in my performance PT  When the nature of work is outside my comfort zone  N When my ability to work stretches to my limits  When I am managing difficult relationship Factors that impede our resilience…  Risk taking: Seeking risk is critical  Arrogance: It happens as one EL hallucinates about his own greatness  Comfort: It sabotages greatness PT  Luck: Failure occurs in pure luck but not in skill‐based luck N  Poor self‐regulation: Lack of control on energy expenditure  Spinal tumor, paralyzed waist down 18 international medal, Paralympics medal EL The most successful boxer in the history A great mother too PT N Indian’s most revered Olympian a gallant loser in 1960 Rome Olympics Photo source in the end  EL Image source in the list  Accept failure a manageable process – promote PT growth later  Nurture mindset first – enrich mind later N  Implement new skill – rely on old habits later  Align with ‘future’ first – driven by the ‘past’ later  Be ‘true’ to yourself – look for ‘success’ later Ted talks The three secrets ofresilientpeople |Lucy H one https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWH8N‐BvhAw Resilience:A M indsetforEveryday Life |Joana Baquero https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dU53bCvb‐1c EL Acknowledgement (photo source) PT 1. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/crpf‐commandant‐chetan‐ cheeta‐wants‐to‐go‐back‐to‐kashmir‐974831‐2017‐05‐02 2. 2. Source: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/siachen‐hero‐lance‐ naik‐hanumanthappa‐koppad‐dies‐sources‐to‐ht/story‐ 3. N 5BsLCPcd0Xw85djupn7WyK.html Source: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/iafs‐ abhinandan‐varthaman‐gets‐vir‐chakra/articleshow/70676776.cms 4. https://www.kreedon.com/deepa‐malik‐athlete‐story/ 5. https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2014/omg‐mary‐kom‐ husband‐wants‐to‐sue‐makers‐of‐the‐film‐156810.html 6. https://olympics.com/en/news/indian‐athlete‐milkha‐singh‐sprinter‐ track‐field‐covid‐19‐died 7. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics‐and‐ nation/arunima‐sinha‐worlds‐first‐woman‐amputee‐to‐climb‐the‐ highest‐peak‐of‐antarctica/arunima‐sinha‐adding‐another‐ feather/slideshow/67382742.cms 8. https://synapsehpc.com/can‐people‐become‐more‐resilient‐after‐ experiencing‐trauma/ 9. https://quotesgram.com/ants‐quotes/ N PT EL  EL PT N Prof. Manas Kumar Mandal Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Lecture 23 – Innovation & Happiness Why is innovation important for happiness? EL Are Indians happy? PT Are Indians innovative? N Are happier countries more innovative? Is there an Indian way to innovation for happy living? ▪ Innovation index EL ▪ Structured innovation PT ▪ Autonomous innovation N Source: Getty image ▪ Intuitive thinking ▪ Instinct driven solution  Innovation & Happiness Happy people contest for ideas, get more ideas & EL buy into new ideas…a driver of innovation They cannot see dead-end… strive for innovative PT solutions in case of failures N They spend less time alone & engage in more substantive discussions They change more effectively & innovatively Structured innovation Expert knowledge system ▪ A recognized need EL ▪ Competent people with relevant PT Image source in the list technology N ▪ Controlled access to knowledge & high- quality net-worked infra-structure ▪ Favorable economics & risk capital Autonomous innovation Non-expert knowledge system ▪ … that offers solutions to complex social problems ▪ … that utilizes our traditional knowledge into contemporary EL use PT ▪ … that offers significant value in our ability to adapt in N adversity Image source in the list Innovation for common good [might-not-be-perfect, but will-get -there] …a solution that bends scientific rule into one’s favor EL …non-linear, intuitive thinking (life hack) that PT Image source in the list maximize resources N …flexible, frugal & instinct-driven solution …non-funded, not peer-reviewed, non-publishable Common sensical science …a clever solution born in adversity EL …answers to everyday challenges Image source in the list PT …meaningful in resource scarce environment N …a form of survival strategy, a gateway to happiness  A paradigm shift… ▪ Simple, inexpensive solutions within EL constraint rather than structured effort PT ▪ Insightful breakthroughs instead of N incremental problem solving ▪ Community based shared experience Root bridge: Image source in the list instead of organized knowledge Frugal but impactful… [Bahadur & Doczi, 2016] Inductive: innovations that arise from non-expert system EL Indigenous: knowledge system that is locally available PT Inexpensive: accessibility & affordability N to a large section of people Intuitive: ‘good-enough’ innovation or a product having minimum viability Iterative: ‘bottom-up’ process that is not burdensome to re-test or re-trial  Effective social innovations EL PT Bio-toilet Drinking water Solar energy N Waste management Health service Trench agriculture Source: Getty images Why does such innovation make communities happy? Solves problem horizontally, delivers more value at lower cost EL Fights of inequality, promote PT sustainability, brings autonomy N Create new relationships & enhance society’s capacity to act Why does this fail? ▪ Evidence-based vs. one-hit victory story EL ▪ Scalable vs non-expandable PT model ▪ Low risk – lost cost vs high N risk – high-cost model ▪ Need (no choice) vs want (more choices) Mitti Kool: Image source in the list Creating future jobs with social innovation ▪ Skill development through non-formal EL education for elderly (use of lab-on-chips) Fostering innovation for sustainable ▪ Tapping rural women power for non- development: Niti Aayog Image PT traditional blue-collar jobs (Mechanics) N ▪ Location independent job creation beyond IT sectors (Entrepreneurship) ▪ Non-conventional energy maker (solar- energy technician) ▪ Social innovation works as a driver for EL happiness & as a shared quality for PT community growth Source: https://shanewallcto.com/jugaad-innovation-in-india/ ▪ It brings power to fight poverty, help N sustain health & strength to the weak ▪ It helps grow knowledge with a deliverable outcome TED Talks The power of social innovation | Jeff Snell | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YH53mGNPI80 Solving problems using social innovation and entrepreneurship: Jeffrey Robinson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xh9H5XuO40 Bahadur & Doczi 92016) https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/unlocking- resilience-through-autonomous-innovation EL List of Images https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-jumps-5-places-in-global-innovation- PT index/articleshow/70372736.cms https://www.niti.gov.in/atal-innovation-mission-fostering-innovation-sustainable- development N https://www.postoast.com/the-great-indian-jugaad-challenge/ https://www.argonautonline.com/articles/jugaad-case-managing-chaos-in-india/ https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/nobody-can-beat-indians-at-jugaad-these-posts-are-proof- 2256441 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_root_bridge https://businessmagazinegainesville.com/frugal-innovation/ https://www.thebetterindia.com/14711/mitticool-rural-innovation-nif-mansukhbhai/ https://www.thebetterindia.com/103278/incredible-innovation-lifting-huge-weight-off- womens-shoulders-maharashtras-villages/ N PT EL  EL PT N Prof. Manas Kumar Mandal Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Lecture 24 - Conflicts & Stress Why does stress happen to us?  Our misconceptions about stress EL  Factors that lead to stress PT  Nature of conflicts in life & career N  Markers of stress  Impact of stress  Stress [psychological]  Decido-phobia [conflicts] EL  Resilience PT  Analysis-paralysis N  Markers of stress  Yerkes-Dodson Law Misconceptions…we have  Normal people do not get stress or anxiety  Stress can be reduced by spending time leisurely EL  Compromising conflicting issues is adjustment PT  Happiness comes from satisfaction of self N  Taking decision about self is easy  We deceive others only, & not ourselves  We behave the way ‘mind’ functions What causes stress?  Conflicts: togetherness of opposing motives  Faulty coping strategy: lack of insight & flexibility EL  Analysis-paralysis: Inability to take decisions PT  Hypothetical failure: lack of clarity about success N  Lack of resilience: difficulty in ‘bouncing back’  Alienation: pre-occupation with self Decidophobia: Head or Heart?  Are these parts friends? EL Source: Getty image  Is one part the boss? PT  How do these two communicate with each other? N  How do they react in the event of disagreement? Conflicts in personal life  Discipline vs. Flexibility  Self esteem vs ego-vulnerability EL  Guilt vs. moral disengagement PT Source: Getty image  Growth vs. Development N  Purpose vs. Passion  Mind vs Mindset Conflicts at workplace  Choice vs. Compulsion  Hierarchy vs. Transparency EL  Loyalty vs. Morality  Integrity vs. Identity PT  Pride vs. Price N  Security Vs. Dynamicity  Life vs Career What are our problems…?  Managing ambiguity & uncertain situations  Dealing with opposing motives  Speaking truth to power EL  When and how to say ‘no’ Source: Getty image PT  Having ‘FEAR’ [False Evidence Appearing Real] N  Striving but without success Impacts…  I don’t know how to control emotions  My efficiency is seldom recognized  I do not know how to stay away from bad dreams EL  I don’t know how to enhance my efficiency Source: Getty image PT  I find it difficult to strike a balance of value & reality N  I am unsure of how to remain motivated  I often get depressed without reason Markers of stress…  Overreaction to life’s small problem  Expecting the worst to happen always  EL Wanting to make sure that everything is all right  Unable to take decision or to concentrate PT  Taking everything that goes wrong ‘personally’ N  Experiencing panic reaction without reason  Feelings easily hurt  Something to worry about always Symptoms of stress…  A tendency to suffer from frequent headaches  The feeling of being constantly under strain  EL Being excessively tired much of the time  Sensation of pressure in the head PT  Tremor, perspiration, racing of heartbeat N  Poor sleep, nightmare, Feelings easily hurt  Something to worry about always  Stress is a universal experience…a normal reaction to normal pressure EL  It results from our inability to resolve conflicts & take decisions PT  Prolonged stress gives rise to N spiraling negative thoughts  The impact of stress depends on the way we carry it  Tan, S.Y & Yip, A. (2018). Hans Seyle (1907-1982): Founder of the stress theory. Singapore Medical Journal, 59, 170-171 The beauty of conflict | Clair Canfield https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55n9pH_A0O8 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11874-stress https://www.apa.org/topics/stress EL PT N Image source: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2F File%3AHebbianYerkesDodson.svg&psig=AOvVaw2wAqlAsJc6tsJDTrcx8KKc&ust=166824985351 9000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA4QjhxqFwoTCJDp6aH5pfsCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD https://ndla.no/subject:1:54b1727c-2d91-4512-901c-8434e13339b4/topic:2:f8f9c269-9ca2- 4fd8-889e-f71c845025a5/resource:96861e82-b9c4-4e60-9054-4b47d02f407e https://www.healthline.com/health/5-steps-overcoming-indecision https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2018/01/15/dealing-conflict-work/ N PT EL  EL PT N Prof. Manas Kumar Mandal Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Lecture 25 – Stress & coping What are some coping strategies under stress? ▪ How do we feel when stressed? EL ▪ What are the coping strategies for stress? PT ▪ Can we unlearn stress? N ▪ What are ways to manage daily stress? ▪ Stress EL ▪ Personality PT ▪ Mental conditioning N ▪ Perceptual distortion ▪ Coping style ▪ Unlearning Some clarifications…about stress ▪ Stress is a core to some personalities (it affects everyone) ▪ Stress is only a mental phenomenon (it impacts physical status) EL ▪ Some tasks are more ‘mental’ than others PT (all activities require mental conditioning) N ▪ Entertainment has stress-buffering effect (it also impairs the cognitive strategy) ▪ Too much load breaks us down (it’s the way you carry it) The greater the stress… ▪ …, the greater the likelihood that a decision- maker will choose a risky alternative EL ▪ …, the greater the tendency to make a premature choice of alternatives for a correct response PT ▪ …, the less likely will be tolerance to "ambiguity" N ▪ …, the greater the distortion in perception of threat and poor judgment often occurs In stress, only immediate survival goals are considered, long-term goals are sacrificed Coping strategies: ▪ ‘If you are anxious, you are not alone’: Rest assured ▪ ‘Look for support system’: If you are overwhelmed EL ▪ ‘Be optimistic’: It may be a bad time but not a bad life PT ▪ ‘Be resilient’: Falling is no failure; not getting up surely is N ▪ ‘Focus on what you can control’: Not possible to negotiate fate Source: Getty image Managing stress… ▪ Take personal responsibility for stress ▪ Reduce internal source of pressure: bad experience, EL negative self-talk, failure outcome PT ▪ Learn about coping style; more than lifestyle Source: Getty image N ▪ Exercise ‘pattern breaking’ when into a negative state ▪ Have plan ‘B’ for unexpected situation ▪ Accept what cannot be changed— not every stressful situation can be changed Learning to unlearn… All or none thinking fallacies trap us to no-win situation EL We neglect toolbox & try to change too much PT We underestimate the process; do not stick to pace N We fear loss of identity loss while changing thoughts We suffer from optimism bias Managing daily stress… ▪ Avoid self-medication EL ▪ Maintain sleep – wakefulness cycle Source: Getty image PT ▪ Perform deep breathing exercise, deep muscle relaxation N ▪ Establish realistic target, stop negative self talk ▪ Do not combat stress & do not give repetitive suggestions ▪ Manage time effectively & do not take big decision ▪ Practice mindfulness Some general guidelines - I ▪ Develop a strategy to think rationally (…95% of our thoughts are repeats in the brain) ▪ Handle ‘daily hassles’ at work EL (…do not allow these to cumulate) PT ▪ Find a match between your ability & interest N (…sustain your interest privately) ▪ Strike a balance of flexibility & discipline (…set a priority line for duty-family-career) Some general guidelines - II ▪ Manage uncertainty @in everyday life (…take decisions beyond outcome) ▪ Go beyond short-term mission EL (…long term vision is equally important) PT ▪ Redefine ‘success’ N (…failure is not orthogonal to success) ▪ Build your career @through studies (…but do not leave ‘life’ behind) ▪ Stress affects everyone & impacts our quality of life ▪ Low tolerance to stressful situation results in poor EL decisions PT ▪ It is possible to unlearn stressful thinking fallacies N ▪ Coping style is as important as life style ▪ There are ways to manage daily stress  Ted Talks https://www.ted.com/talks/rob_cooke_the_cost_of_work_stress_and_how_to_reduce_it?lan guage=en https://www.ted.com/talks/heidi_hanna_the_cure_for_stress Web links: https://www.stress.org/ EL https://reallifecounseling.us/coping-skills-for-depression/ PT https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36309244-stress-to-happiness N Image source: https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/blog/brain-health/meditation-mindfulness-for- stress-reduction/ N PT EL