G8 SCI Electricity PDF

Electricity - Electrical Circuit ❖ Complete path for electric current flows ❖ Flow of electrons flow from negative to positive. Components ❖ Maintains constant amnt of voltage Voltage ❖ Ex Battery...

Electricity - Electrical Circuit ❖ Complete path for electric current flows ❖ Flow of electrons flow from negative to positive. Components ❖ Maintains constant amnt of voltage Voltage ❖ Ex Battery ❖ Electrical symbol Conducting Wires ❖ Wire- current can easily pass thru Electrical Switch ❖ Controls the entrance of current ON= current pass OFF = current not pass Electrical Load ❖ Electrical device that converts electrical energy to heat lightbulb Schematic  CURRENT, VOLTAGE, RESISTANCE Current ❖ Defenition Rate of flow of electrical charges ❖ Unit Amp (A) ❖ Proponent Andre Ampere ❖ Measure Device Ammeter Voltage ❖ Defenition Potential difference between two points in a wire or electrical component ❖ Unit Volts (V) ❖ Proponent Alessandro Volta ❖ Measure Device Voltmeter Resistance ❖ Defenition Opposition to the flow of current by conducting wire ❖ Unit Ohm Ω ❖ Proponent Georg Ohm ❖ Measure Device Ohmmeter  Ohm’s Law ❖ Voltage is directly proportional to the current  Circuit Connections Series ❖ Consists of one loop ❖ If interrupted, no current can flow thru ❖ If one light bulb break, other bulb not work ❖ Advantages Not overheat easily No need for thick expensive wires Because it is only 1 path, easy to connect/disconnect ❖ Disadvatages If one bulb break, other bulb not work coz no current flow More light bulb = less light Hard to control indiv coz if 1 switch control all Difficult to identify the broken culb Parallel ❖ Consists of two loops ❖ If one loop is interrupted, still work thru other loop ❖ If one bulb out, other bulb still work ❖ Advantages All loads are directly connected to voltage source If 1 bulb damage, other bulb still work Indiv bulb ez to control coz each bulb have separate wire ❖ Disadvatages Overloading may happen if used simultaneous Difficult to install since more wires needed Needs diff sizes of wires  Electrical Hazard ❖ Condition due to direct of indirect electrical contact with conductor Safety Devices Fuse ❖ Metal ribbon that will heat up and melt if current exceeds its current rating AVR ❖ Protect home appliances by regulating voltage automatically UPS ❖ Like a generator Circuit Breaker ❖ Switches ❖ Automatically shuts down if there is overloading due to short ciruit  Electrical Safety Measures Earthing ❖ Connecting metal casing of appliance to earth grounding ❖ Earthing protect from grounded circuit ❖ Grounding prevent damage to appliance Double ❖ Prevents electrical shock Insulation