G1 - Variety of Urban Environments PDF

G1 Variety of Urban Environments characteristics and distribution of urban places populations and economic activities characteristics of Urban areas...

G1 Variety of Urban Environments characteristics and distribution of urban places populations and economic activities characteristics of Urban areas site the land where a settlement is built situation relationship with surrounding area Wet point site close to water supply dry point site avoid the risk of flooding defensive site high ground sites to see enemies Industrialisation lead to development of areas with good access to resources access to water for trade Social and economic factors important Characteristics Function Land use Residential vary from city to city Industrial settlement Hivarchy Connubation two or more cities merge Services 1m inhabitants millionaire city over open space megacity aishitpitq.tt Medapolis large cities merge Recreation no of  Megacities plunitial spending causes more economic activity Growth due to Economic Multiplier effect cumulative causation in HIC's urban generate areas over 80 of nation output 40 in LICS rural urban migration e.g China 100 rural migrants inley most new megacities in asia Urban Growth Economic Development urbanisation outcome of economic growth can fuelfurthergrowth UN data states larger cities have better economy Urbanisation causes wealth creation but inequality remains can create opportunity or canoe poverty homelessness Growth Planned Growth large government investment Spertaniew Growth trade lines resources good agricature Patterns of Land Use CBT shops offices Burgess Model Inner city Industry old Lowing Residential lower class Residential Middle class Residential upper class commuters  Pros many urban areas apply to the pattern simple and easy to understand helps understand growth processes cons does not take physical geography into account due to better transport there is now commuted villages farther out aswell Urban regeneration gentrification means some expensive property now in the inner city decentralisation model of Sharps Industry manufacturing not on Hoyt Model introduced later and suggests city growth in sectors Sectors along communication routs Pros Some cities clearly follow it alternative explanation communication routs e g railways rivers roads often provide ladwe boundary cons little reference to physical environment no reference to outside commuter development Bid Rent Model CBD most attractive area for shops andcompanies as is accessible Industry willing to pay less but still has good communication Residential will pay even less Retail Land Use Traditional patterns 1 low order goods in stores neighborhood order 2 high goods in high street departmentshe 3 out town superstores and retail parks of New Patterns out of town shopping centers more popular the BD Lawes Shopping has become leasure activity out of town malls convoient with all goods in one place rise of car ownership mean accessible  Factors Effecting Location of Economic Activity Physical Industry large area of land for expansie flat Retail little land in CBD Increasingly more land for malls need more land for car parks for malls Land Value Industry out of city with lower price good transport less congestion wed to be close to CBD but moved onto Retail makes more money for area so less spaceneed move to CBD for customers or outwards for space and convenience Planning urban redevelopment government investment for redesign or rebuilding can be smaller larger projects or Expansion Planning permission needed for urban expansion greenbelt protected from urban expansion General Infrastructure line new highway railway can attract new economic activity once in place Residential Patterns in Urban Areas less people in centre due to commercial CBD HIC's around Model expensive howing edge Burgess LIC's squatter settlements around edge Physical In HIC's water seen as positive view open space highprice ports docks dosed down for residential Docklands LIC's water is a hazard due to flooding diseases Hillsides popular in HIC's due to view openess dimate LIC's squatter settlements on slopes a more dangerous Land Value Traditional view generally residential in suburbs due to bid vent HIC's wealthy live outskirts on as can afford transport and have more property space high overall cost poor live near centre cannot afford private tranper small howes but high price per m low overall cost Modern View bid vent move variable due to development Transport links become more high value even outside gentrification redevelopment attractive in inner city LIC's wealthy move outward congestion safety pollutic  Ethnicity same ethnicity tend to live close especially migrants Internal decisions feel more comfortable language etc external factors segregation racism abwe ghettes developed impoverished area minority for over generation migrants spread throughout city Planning Creates varied howing for different socio economic groups attracts further investment into poorer areas gentrificati social howing council estates built by government Poverty Deprivation and Informal Economy characteristics contemporary urbanisation mainly in Africa Asia as hysterically more peer rural population UN predict by 2030 80 of population in South to Cuban poverty different rural financial environment Poverty lack of financial resources to meet needs deprivation lack of resources not just income 68 in poverty in families where atleast ofpeople one person working a job 2019 20 Deprivation Measurements Physical UK wes IMD Index social Economic we are living in Urban century Political of population in 55 urban area 202 around 1 billion live in informal howing Informal settlements slams squatter settlements Cons overcrowded and poor quality howing risk forceful eviction of lack of safe available water supply poor sanitation drainage waste collection lack healthcare emergency services of Climatic risk vulnerability Pros points of assimilation for immigrants informal economy can provide Jobs here Sense of family support and low crime rate