Fungi Notes PDF

The Kingdom Fungi includes \_\_\_yeast\_\_\_\_\_, \_mold\_\_\_\_, and \_mushrooms\_\_\_\_\_ to name a few. Except for yeasts, all fungi are \_\_\_multicellular\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. What are fungi? Fungi are \_\_\_\_\_eukaryotic\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_heterotrophs\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that have cell...

The Kingdom Fungi includes \_\_\_yeast\_\_\_\_\_, \_mold\_\_\_\_, and \_mushrooms\_\_\_\_\_ to name a few. Except for yeasts, all fungi are \_\_\_multicellular\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. What are fungi? Fungi are \_\_\_\_\_eukaryotic\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_heterotrophs\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that have cell walls containing \_\_\_chitin\_(pronounced Kye-Tin)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. - They are eukaryotes (they have a \_\_nuclei\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_). - They are \_\_\_heterotrophs\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (they cannot make their own food). - They contain \_\_chitin\_\_\_\_\_\_ (a complex carbohydrate also found in the shells of \_insects\_\_\_\_). - Most fungi are \_decomposers\_\_\_\_\_\_ meaning that they absorb their nutrients from \_dead\_\_\_\_ or decaying organic matter. - Fungi reproduce both sexually and \_asexually\_\_\_ (through the use of \_\_spores\_\_). Multicellular fungi have tiny filament structures called \_\_\_hyphae\_. Multicellular fungi also have reproductive structures called \_\_fruiting\_ \_\_bodies\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. \_\_mushrooms\_\_\_\_\_\_ are an example of a fruiting body. When you see a mushroom on the ground you are only seeing a small \_\_portion\_\_ of the whole organism. The filaments may extend for several \_\_\_meters\_! Fungi include some of the largest organisms on the Earth. **[1. Unicellular Fungi (\_\_\_Yeasts\_) ]** Some species are used for \_\_\_baking\_\_ and brewing. Some species can cause \_\_\_disease\_\_\_ in humans. Athlete's Foot is caused by a fungal parasite called \_\_deuteromycetes\_\_\_ that can cause infection between the toes. Another type of yeast referred to *Candida* can cause infections in the mouth called \_\_\_thrush\_\_. **2. Common Molds** =================== Molds that grow on foods like meat, \_\_\_cheese\_, and bread are in the phylum \_\_\_Zygomycota\_\_\_. These reproduce or spread through the use of \_\_spores\_\_\_\_, similar to how a plant disperses its seeds. **3. Sac Fungi** ================ Sac fungi are included in the phylum \_\_\_\_Ascomycota\_\_\_ and they have a reproductive structure which contains spores. "\_puff balls\_\_" fall into this category. **4. Club Fungi** ================= These are in the phylum \_\_\_Basidiomycota\_\_\_. They are called club fungi because of the \_\_\_reproductive\_\_ structures that they form. Examples would be mushrooms. Some mushrooms are \_\_\_\_edible\_ whereas others can be extremely \_\_poisonous\_\_. Some fungi produce deadly \_toxins\_. These are known as \_\_mycotoxins\_\_\_\_.