Fractures (2).docx

FRACTURES A bone fracture is a crack or break in a bone. Bone fractures usually result from: 1.High force impact or stress. 2.A fracture that results from a medical condition that weakens the bones is called a pathological fracture with very little impact. - A bone fracture is a full or parti...

FRACTURES A bone fracture is a crack or break in a bone. Bone fractures usually result from: 1.High force impact or stress. 2.A fracture that results from a medical condition that weakens the bones is called a pathological fracture with very little impact. - A bone fracture is a full or partial break in the continuity of bone tissue. Fractures can occur in any bone in the body. - There are [[several]](https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/fractures-broken-bones/) different ways in which a bone can fracture. - A closed fracture is a break to the bone that does not damage surrounding tissue or tear through the skin. - A compound fracture is one that damages surrounding tissue and penetrates the skin. Compound fractures are generally more serious than simple fractures due to the risk of [[infection].](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/196271) Types: There are a number of other [[fracture types],](http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00139) including: 1.[[Avulsion fracture]:](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319471) A [[muscle]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249192) or [[ligament]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326858) pulls on the bone, fracturing it. 2.Comminuted fracture: An impact shatters the bone into many pieces.     Symptoms Symptoms of a fracture vary depending on location, a person's age and general health, and the severity of the injury. - [pain](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145750) - [swelling](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/swelling) - [bruising](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322742) - discolored skin around the affected area - protrusion of the affected area at an unusual angle - inability to put weight on the injured area - inability to move the affected area - a grating sensation in the affected bone or joint - bleeding if it is an open fracture - In more severe cases, a person may experience: - [[dizziness]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319026) - faintness or [[lightheadedness]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323717) - [[nausea]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-causes-nausea) Diagnosis : 1.History of trauma 2. [[physical examination]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325488). 3[.[X-ray].](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219970) 4.In some cases, an [[MRI]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146309.php) or [[CT scan],](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153201.php) to fully assess the fracture with very little impact. Treatment: Bone healing in most cases, will occur naturally. Therefore, [[treatment]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322419) typically focuses on providing the injured bone with the best circumstances for healing, and ensuring optimal future function through the good reduction of fracture and good fixation. Fixation done by : - casts or braces. - metal plates and screws. - intramedullary nails, or rods, placed in bone cavities. - external fixings. [Fractures can take [several weeks to several months](https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/fractures-broken-bones/)] [ to heal,] [depending on:] - The severity. - bone has become affected. - whether there are any complications, such as a blood supply problem or an infection. - [smoking](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/10566) - excessive [alcohol](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305062) consumption - a high [body mass index](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323622) - [nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179211) use  a person's age. Complications: Prevention: A person can reduce their risk of bone fractures through a number of remedies and lifestyle changes. - A person's diet [[can affect]](https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/fractures-broken-bones/) their risk of fractures. The human body needs adequate supplies of [[calcium]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248958.php) for healthy bones. [[Milk],](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/273451) [[cheese],](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/299147) [[yogurt],](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/295714) and dark [[green leafy] [vegetables]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/green-leafy-vegetables) are good sources of calcium. - The body also requires [[vitamin D]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/161618.php) to absorb calcium. Exposure to [[sunlight]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/benefits-of-sunlight) and eating [[eggs]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/283659) and [[oily fish]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9978) are good ways of getting vitamin D. - Engaging in weight-bearing [[exercise]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153390) can help improve [[muscle mass]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/muscle-mass-percentage) and [[bone density].](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325903) Both of these can reduce the risk of bone fractures. - Regular exercise and a [[balanced diet]](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324093) can reduce the risk of a fracture in people with osteoporosis. - levels of [[estrogen],](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/277177.php) which plays a role in bone health. Thank =====