Foundations of Information Systems PDF

Foundations of Information Systems Dr. Hamada I. AbdulWakel Computer Science Depart. @ MU_FCI 2024-2025 Lecture 1 Dr. Hamada I. 1/19 About Me Dr. Hamada I. 2/19 Policies Show mutual respect and listen. Delay for 15 minutes...

Foundations of Information Systems Dr. Hamada I. AbdulWakel Computer Science Depart. @ MU_FCI 2024-2025 Lecture 1 Dr. Hamada I. 1/19 About Me Dr. Hamada I. 2/19 Policies Show mutual respect and listen. Delay for 15 minutes. Please turn off mobiles. Expect interaction. Avoid distractions. Discussions will be in my office during office hours. People sitting on the back row!!!!. Dr. Hamada I. 3/19 Topics Review Dr. Hamada I. 4/19 Course Topics T1 Information Systems and People. T2 Information Systems and Strategy. T3 Information and Communications: Enterprise Architecture. T4 Databases and Data Warehouses. T5 The Web, E-commerce, and M-commerce. T6 Systems Development and Procurement. T7 Business Intelligence and Decision Making. Dr. Hamada I. 5/19 T1: Information Systems and People Dr. Hamada I. 6/19 Principles and Learning Objectives 1. Identify the main roles of Information Systems (IS) in organizations. 2. Define IS and Differentiate between the terms Data, Information, Knowl- edge and define he basic criteria the determine the value of information and data quality. 3. Discuss the various components of any Information System and the role of each one. 4. Define some basic types of Information systems and describe their basic characteristics. 5. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using Information systems in organizations. 6. Some basic principles of IS. Dr. Hamada I. 7/19 Why Information Systems in Organizations? Digital Transformation (DT): ◦ The integration of digital technology into all areas of a business, fundamentally changing how you operate and deliver value to customers. An organization: a group of people that is structured and managed to meet its objectives or set of group goals. Manual vs. computer-based information systems. Dr. Hamada I. 8/19 Information Concepts Dr. Hamada I. 9/19 Information System Information: One of an organization’s most valuable resources. An information system: consists of components that support decision making and control, and help with analysis, visualization, and product creation. Activities in an information system that produce information: 1. Input: Activity of gathering and capturing raw data 2. Processing: Converting data into useful outputs 3. Output: Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports 4. Feedback: Information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities Dr. Hamada I. 10/19 The Characteristics of Valuable Information Accurate: error free. Complete: all important facts included. Economical: cost effective to produce. Flexible: Usable for a variety of purposes. Reliable: Applicable to users purpose. Simple: only the facts that are needed. Dr. Hamada I. 11/19 The Major Roles of IS in Business Today New products, services, and business models: ◦ Business model: describes how company produces, delivers, and sells product or service to create wealth. ◦ IS and technology a major enabling tool for new products, services, business models. Customer and supplier intimacy: ◦ Serving customers well leads to customers returning, which raises revenues and profits. ◦ Intimacy with suppliers allows them to provide vital inputs, which lowers costs. Improved decision making: ◦ Without accurate information: Managers must use forecasts, best guesses, luck Results in: Overproduction or underproduction, Misallocation of resources, Poor response times. Poor outcomes raise costs, lose customers. Dr. Hamada I. 12/19 The Major Roles of IS in Business Today... Operational excellence: ◦ Improvement of efficiency to attain higher profitability. ◦ Information systems, technology an important tool in achieving greater efficiency and productivity. Competitive advantage: ◦ Delivering better performance. ◦ Charging less for superior products. ◦ Responding to customers and suppliers in real time. Dr. Hamada I. 13/19 The Major Roles of IS in Organizations Dr. Hamada I. 14/19 The Major Roles of IS in Organizations... Managing Operations: Involves the design, operation, and improvement of the systems and processes the organization uses to deliver its goods and services. Supporting Customer Interaction: Interactions with customers, and others who come to your organization desiring a product or service are fundamental to success. Collaborating on Teams: Collaboration and teamwork have considerable support from innovative information systems that allow people to work together at any time and from any place. Dr. Hamada I. 15/19 The Major Roles of IS in Organizations... Making Decisions: ◦ Data-driven decision making, which draws on the billions of pieces of data to reveal important trends and patterns. ◦ Business intelligence, refers to all the information managers use to make decisions, and it can come from many sources beyond the organization’s own information systems such as studying user online behaviour. Gaining Competitive Advantage: Anything that gives a firm a lead over its rivals, can be gained through the development and application of innovative information systems. Improving Individual Productivity: Tools to help people improve their own productivity abound, from the smartphones that combine voice calls, to the many software applications that eliminate tedious work. Dr. Hamada I. 16/19 Main Components of IS Dr. Hamada I. 17/19 Main Components of IS... 1. People: ◦ Any information system involves teams of people. ◦ They play a number of different roles—as developers, and managers of information systems, and also as analysts, users, customers, contributors. 2. Technology: ◦ Information technology (IT) includes hardware, software, and telecommunications. ◦ IT is contributing to the development of Web from 1.0 to 3.0. Dr. Hamada I. 18/19 Main Components of IS... 3. Processes: ◦ A business process: a set of activities designed to achieve a task. ◦ Organizations implement information systems to support, streamline, and sometimes eliminate unnecessary business processes. ◦ Business process management (BPM): the field that focuses on designing, optimizing, and streamlining processes, taking into account the human element. 4. Data: The base for every information system, and these raw facts can present themselves in an enormous variety of shapes. Dr. Hamada I. 19/19