Forensic Science PDF

TOPIC 14: Prepared by: Luque, Christian HAIR HAIR STRUCTURAL PARTS OF It is the outermost covering of the THE HAIR different parts of the body with the...

TOPIC 14: Prepared by: Luque, Christian HAIR HAIR STRUCTURAL PARTS OF It is the outermost covering of the THE HAIR different parts of the body with the A. INNER ASPECT: exception pf the palm of the hand and CUTICLE- outermost part which is the sole of the foot. scale-like in appearance. MICROSCOPIC CORTEX- innermost portion that EXAMINATION contains the pigment. MEDULLA- central canal of the It will first determine if the hair hair. samples are of animal or human origin. B. OUTER ASPECT: If the hair sample are of animal origin, TIP- distal end portion of the hair. a general determination as to species SHAFT- portion of the hair above may be made. the surface of the skull. IN CASE OF HUMAN HAIR, THE ROOT- portion that is embedded in FOLLOWING CAN BE DETERMINED: the skin. The race of the person the hair originated from Negroid, Mongolian, Caucassian; The area of the body surface that the hair originated from-head, face, chest, axilla, public region; How hair was removed-naturally or forcibly; Whether the hair was cut with dull or sharp instrument or was crushed or burned; and Usually examination not permit conclusive determination of age and sex.  TOPIC 15: Prepared by: Manzano, Kisha ULTRAVIOLET, FIBER, TAPE, AND PAINT ULTRAVIOLET TAPE Ultraviolet (UV) light is Generally involves the matching of the electromagnetic radiation of nation pieces of tapes used at the wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, scene of a crime with the end of tape shorter than that of visible light, but on a roll found in the possession of a longer than X-rays. suspect. ULTRAVIOLET EXAMINATION- method Examine in terms of composition, of scientific examination of evidence color, diameter and construction using ultraviolet light. The known sample is compared with METHOD OF EXAMINATION the unknown and occasionally , ends ultraviolet lamp and darkroom are may be matched or the manufacturer necessary for ultraviolet may be determined. examination The room should contain adequate TAPE table space on which garments and Paint specimen is examined and other items to be examined may be compared by using microscope to spread determine the color, texture, layer, the evidence is being placed under structure and any unique the ultraviolet lamp characteristic which may serve as FIBER points of similarity or dissimilarity Quartz Spectrograph composed of knotted or woven yarns, Shall be examined in terms of color, composition and construction. Questioned fabric may be determined it similar to known fabrics. Generally, Fiber matches are not positive evidence and require substantiation with other corroborative evidence. FIBER EXAMINATION Laboratory Microscopic Example: Comparison Microscope Micro Chemical Example: Solubility Test Melting Point Examination  TOPIC 16: Prepared by: Tabora, Winston MACRO-ETCHING EXAMINATION SERIAL MACRO -ETCHING RESTORATION Also known as Acid-etching method A series of number that is punched or A technique employed in number object/material object from one restoration which involves the another. application of chemical solution on the SPOT DETECTION OF TAMPERED metal surface where the serial number 1. Presence of any sign of welding is normally located. surrounding the serial number. CHEMICALS/ REAGENTS 2. Presence of several scratches and USED filing marks on the serial surface. 3. Presence of any sign of concavity on 1. For Iron and Steel: Cupric Chloride + the serial number surface. Hydrochloric Acid + water 4. Presence of any difference in the style 2. For Aluminum: Nitric Acid + water of letters and numbers. 3. For Lead: Glacial Acetic Acid + 5. Appearance of fragmentary marks Hydrogen Peroxide which could not be properly identified NUMBER because part of it is superimposed by RESTORATION letters and numbers. 6. Presence of any difference in the When a letter or number surface, a spacing of individual letters and ionlecular disturbance stamped into at numbers. the visible portion of the letter or 7. Disalignment of letters and numbers. number erased metal 8. Absence of one or more letters before, PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION in-between or after a set of sequential 1. A careful search for the location of the numbers. serial number must be made before 9. Letters and numbers are stamped on the start of the restoration process. places where the serial is normally 2. Grease and oil must be removed using 10. Sizes of letters and numbers are gasoline, alcohol, etc. sharper and coarser than the others. 3. Clean or polish the area using 11. Presence of any irregularities in the sandpaper. depth of individual letters and 4. Photograph the affected area. numbers. TYPES OF 12. Model of the vehicle in the chassis NUMBER number does not tally with that of the rating plate. 1. Stamped number: number that is 13. Absence of rating plate. pressed or punched into a metal 14. Alteration of the production number surface. 2. Engraved number: number that is pressed intendedly using electrical or mechanical gadget. 3. Embossed number: number that is raised from the surface.  TOPIC 17: Prepared by: Inabayan, Elyzah Beth LIQUOR TEST (ALCOHOL DETERMINATION TEST) PURPOSE Basically, to determine whether or not a person is intoxicated with liquor, the amount of ethyl alcohol present in the blood sample taken from the person. LABORATORY EXAMINATION Quantitative examination is conducted to determine the amount of ethyl alcohol present in the blood. SIGNIFICANCE Intoxication as an alternative circumstances must be taken into consideration as aggravating or mitigating according to the nature and effects of the crime and the other conditions attending its commission. Aggravating when the intoxication is habitual or intentional. Mitigating when the intoxication is subsequent to the plan to commit said felony or not habitual.