Forces PDF

# FORCE A force is a push or pull in a particular direction. It results from an object's interaction with another object. ## Pulling Pulling is the force you exert to move something closer to you. When you pull a block, it moves towards you. ## Pushing The opposite of pulling is pushing. Push...

# FORCE A force is a push or pull in a particular direction. It results from an object's interaction with another object. ## Pulling Pulling is the force you exert to move something closer to you. When you pull a block, it moves towards you. ## Pushing The opposite of pulling is pushing. Pushing is the force you exert to move something away from you. When you push a block, it moves away from you. ## FORCES ARE DUE TO INTERACTION To apply a force over an object, interaction between the object and source of force is necessary. **Example:** To kick a ball, one has to touch it. Otherwise, force will not be applied over the ball. ## EXPLORING FORCES The measure of the amount of strength of the force is called the magnitude of force. Two or more forces on the same object can be applied in the same direction and opposite direction. ### 1. FORCES APPLIED IN THE SAME DIRECTION: When more than one force is applied in the same direction, the total force is the addition of the magnitude of both the forces. ### 2. FORCES APPLIED IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION: When two forces are applied over an object from opposite directions, the total effective force is the difference between the two forces. ## What can force do? * **A FORCE CAN MAKE THE OBJECT MOVE:** An ice hockey player uses a force to move the hockey puck. * **A FORCE CAN STOP A MOVING OBJECT:** A baseball player uses a force to catch the ball and stop it from moving. * **A FORCE CAN CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF A MOVING OBJECT:** A volleyball player uses a force to move the ball in a different direction. * **A FORCE CAN CHANGE THE SHAPE OF A MATERIAL:** A baker uses a force to change the shape and consistency of his mixture. ## What are the two main categories of forces? There are two main categories of forces: contact forces, and non-contact forces. ### Contact Forces Contact forces result from two objects touching each other. * **Dribbling a basketball** * **Kicking a soccer ball** * **Hitting a shuttlecock** ### Non-Contact Forces Non-contact forces act on an object without coming into contact with another object. * **Gravitational force**: The Earth pulls objects towards itself due to its gravitational force. * **Magnetic force**: A magnet attracting or repelling magnetic objects. * **Electrostatic force**: The force that exists between electrically charged particles. ## What are the types of Contact forces? * **Muscular force**: The force applied by the effort of our muscles. This is seen in activities like lifting a heavy box, pulling a bucket of water, and pedalling a cycle. * **Frictional force**: Friction is a force exerted by a surface against the motion of a body across its surface.