FOED211 - PRELIMS PDF - Foundation of Education

FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION Educational Committee - OLFU QC | Prelim Telling & Demonstration Participation Topic Outline: Ancient, Orienta...

FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION Educational Committee - OLFU QC | Prelim Telling & Demonstration Participation Topic Outline: Ancient, Oriental, Summerian Early Egyptian, & Jewish Education AGENCIES OF EDUCATION 1.1 Ancient Chinese Education 1.2 Early Hindu Education ❖ Home - no formal agency for education, the family was the center for practical training. 1.3 Early Hebrew Education ❖ Environment - it’s a good place for learning. 1.4 Early Greek Education & Roman Education (Catching fish through a wooden pointed object, 1.5 Early Christian Education & Muslim Education making fire using stones and wood). Medieval, Political, & Economic Education THE EFFECTS WEEK 1: ANCIENT, ORIENTAL, SUMMERIAN EARLY EGYPTIAN, & JEWISH EDUCATION CULTURE was passed on and preserved for generations. EDUCATION TRIBES were able to meet their economic needs and were able to survive. - It has always been a social process wherein a community, society, or nation has sought to transmit PEOPLE were able to adjust and adapt to political to the emergent question, those traditional aspects social life. of its culture which were considered fundamental and vital for its own stability and survival. EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL STABILITY (ORIENTAL EDUCATION) EDUCATION FOR CONFORMITY (PRIMITIVE EDUCATION) - Aims of education; in ★ CHINA: to preserve and perpetuate - Its main goal was merely to survive and to conform ancestral tradition. to the tribe. ★ INDIA: to preserve tradition of the caste - Another aim of it was preservation and transmission system and religious beliefs. of tradition. ★ EGYPT: to preserve religious traditions. ★ PERSIA: to strengthen military traditions. CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMITIVE CULTURE TYPES OF EDUCATION It’s relatively simple. It’s relatively narrow social and cultural contacts; ❖ Moral Training / Social Training - customs, duties It’s extraordinary conservative and prone to and political behavior, and ethical aspects of superstitions; discipline. The organizational of primitive life is tribal, not ❖ Theoretical / Religious Training - language, political, so that one function of education is to literature and religious beliefs, and elementary and enable one to live with his relatives; higher levels. Absence from primitive cultures of reading and writing. METHODS OF INSTRUCTIONS TYPES OF EDUCATION Memorization Direct Imitation ❖ Vocational & Domestic Training - practical activities necessary to stay alive. Trial & Error ❖ Religious (Animistic) - learning through Conscious Imitation participating in rituals to please or appease the Indoctrination spirits. AGENCIES OF EDUCATION METHODS OF INSTRUCTIONS ❖ Pagoda Enculturation ❖ Temple Observation & Imitation ❖ Under the Trees 2ND YEAR EDUC COMM | 1 ❖ Covered Sheds ★ RELIGION: to inculcate to the learners proper respect for the Gods. ★ UTILITARIAN: transferring skills from THE EFFECTS parents to their children. ★ PRESERVATION OF CULTURE It has influenced the inclusion of liberal education in PATTERNS: to preserve the Egyptians all levels. way of life. Stressed the complimentary development of the human person for the social transformation of the TYPES OF EDUCATION state. It intertwined the holistic integration of human ❖ Religious Education - respect for the Gods, moral personality for its cultural improvement. conducts, and prepare for the after life. The concept of education for individuality furnished ❖ Vocational-Professional Education - perpetuate the first real conception of life. artistic skills, engineering, and architecture. Stability was achieved but lacking in ❖ Military Education - given only to the sons of progressiveness. nobles. ❖ Education of Public Administration - aspiring for government position in the implementations of EDUCATION FOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT Pharaoh's desire. (SUMERIAN EDUCATION) ❖ Priesthood Education - aspiring priest. ❖ Home Arts Education - vocational and offered to women. - Sumerians were Indo-European, they reclaimed swamps around the mouth of the rivers. - Their priests were commercial people. AGENCIES OF EDUCATION - Their King, called Patesi, was their temporal as well as spiritual leader. ❖ Temple School - higher education: Engineering, Architecture, Medicine, Dentistry, Surveying, etc. - Aims of education: ❖ Military School - for the purpose of defense ★ Train the SCRIBES to do ecclesiastical against aggression. work in the temple. ❖ Court School - taking law, and partly priesthood. ★ Train BOOKKEEPERS to record their ❖ Vocational School - arts and trades. multifarious business transactions. TYPES OF EDUCATION METHODS OF INSTRUCTION ❖ Writing Education Apprenticeship - Their system of writing is called the Dictation, Memorization, Copying, Imitation, cuneiform. Repetition, Observation, & Participation - This form of writing was later used by the Flogging - it was used to penalize failure to learn. Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and Egyptians. ❖ Mathematical Education METHODS OF INSTRUCTION - There was a little arithmetic most likely including counting and operations of low It made outstanding contributions to the digit numbers. development of civilization. It created the first national government, basic forms EDUCATION FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION of arithmetic, and a 365 day calendar. It develops geometrical measurement and (EGYPTIAN EDUCATION) surveying. It invented a form of picture writing called the - History: Hieroglyphics. ➔ It’s the birthplace of one of the world’s first civilizations. From the Greek word “Hieros” which means ➔ it ‘s one of the longest lasting civilizations sacred, and “Glypho” which means to carve. in history. ➔ Ancient Egypt was called by their citizens Later simplified to Hieratic (sacred) and into the as “Kemet” or black land, after the fertile form called Demotic. dark soil. ➔ Herodutus called Egypt as the “gift of the It invented the papyrus paper. Nile” because of the water used for It developed the first religion to emphasize life after irrigation purposes and as the main death. transport route. It built great cities in which many skilled architects, doctors, engineers, painters, and sculptors worked. - Aims of education: It built pyramids as tombs for the rulers. ★ TO TRAIN SCRIBES: it was the most covered profession that time. |2  THE DOWNFALL OF EGYPT Prudence or rectitude of heart and mind Egypt declined due to the refusal of the priestly Fidelity or pure sincerity class to change accepted rules and practices. The old prevented the young from learning further because of ★ Civil Cultural Development - to prepare apprenticeship. The incapacity of the Egyptian mind to for the state examinations. ascend from practical and empirical to the scientific and universal was the chief cause. Conceptual thinking, reasoning, creative imagination, and intellectual curiosity TYPES OF EDUCATION were foreign to them. They say knowledge only as a means of practical advancement and love knowledge for its own, ❖ Ideological & Moral Education - confucian relationship doctrine of submission and the cardinal EDUCATION FOR DISCIPLINE values. (JEWISH EDUCATION) ❖ Language Education - the Chinese language has to be memorized. ❖ Vocational & Domestic Education - they have to - Aim of education: serve men and bear children. ★ Ethical & Religious - this was taught by ❖ Civic Education - to serve in the government. the parents whose goal is the performance ❖ Military Education - it’s for defense and and observance of the “Mosaic Law”. aggression purposes. - Method of instruction: METHODS OF TEACHING Oral & Learning by Practice, corporal punishment was regarded as an essential in training. The Confusian Method - outdoor teaching was prevalent. Direct & Exact Imitation - writing in many Chinese WEEK 1.1: ANCIENT CHINESE EDUCATION characters. Memorization INTRODUCTION WEEK 1.2: EARLY HINDU EDUCATION ➔ Followed the policy of isolation. ➔ Memorizing the works of confucius. EDUCATION ➔ The method of learning consisted of repetition and - There are six (6) schools of philosophy; memorization. 1. NYAYA - it deals with logic. ➔ The Civil Service Examination (CSE) originated. 2. VAISHESHIKA - concerns the nature of ➔ In the early years in life, the child is taught the the world. basics on how to: use their right hand to write; 3. SAMKHYA - it examines the origin and speak boldly and clearly (boys); speak low and evolution of the universe. submissively (girls); and feed themselves. 4. YOGA - it is a set of mental and physical ➔ In age: they were taught; exercises designed to free the body so that 06 - numbers the soul can unite with Brahman. 08 - proper etiquette 5. PURVA-MIMAMSA - it interprets the 10 - write different classes and characters, Vedas. and to calculate 6. VEDANTA - it interprets the Vedas. 13 - learns music, dancing, archery, and chariot driving 20 - gets married after the domestic and CONTENTS TO BE STUDIED vocational training 13 - takes a wife and attends to the 1. Literature for the Brahmans - vedas “knowledge”, business proper (boys) is the oldest Hindu scriptures, and the oldest sacred scriptures of any major religion. - Aims of education: 1.1 RIG VEDA - Psalms & Verses ★ Ideological & Ethical / Moral Learning 1.2 YAJUR VEDA - Sacred Formulas Fundamentals Relationship 1.3 SAMA VEDA - Chants Subject to Sovereign 1.4 ATHARVA VEDA - Charms Son to Father 1.5 THE ANGAS - volume of Hindu scientific and Wife to Husband philosophical knowledge. Younger brother to Older brother 1.6 THE CODE OF MANU - it is a compilation of Younger friend to an Older one ethics, customs, and traditions. 2. Dancing - associated with religion. Cardinal Virtues 3. Sports- such as wrestling and archery; yoga was Benevolence or universal charity also practiced for it involves exercises in posture and breathing. Justice 4. Linguistics, Philosophy, & Theology - for Conformity to establish usage candidates for priesthood. |3 5. For Military Training - the use of horse, elephant, UNTOUCHABILITY and the chariot in war. 6. Astronomy. History, Grammar, Law, Medicine, & Mathematics - these are being studied in the 1. At the age 5, the child was taught. college of parishads.This has become the 2. At age 5, the child attended high school. outstanding contribution of the Hindus to education. Children of Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Pariahs were AIMS OF EDUCATION not admitted as intellectuals. ★ Dharma (Religious & Social Duties) - it is the 3. The women were given only domestic education as most important aim that provides a value system for their role was only housekeeping, serving their each individual. husbands, and bearing children. ★ Artha (Livelihood) - it refers to earning a livelihood by honest means. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION ★ Kama (Good Life) - it refers to enjoying good things in life, in moderation. ★ Moksha - it refers to leading the soul toward God It is more of imitation & memorization. and achieving release from the cycle of rebirth. WEEK 1.3: EARLY HEBREW EDUCATION SOCIAL DIVISION INTRODUCTION - India has an ancient system of social divisions called varna “social category”; and there are five (5) ➔ The Assyrians conquered Israel. categories. ➔ The Babylonias took Judea. ➔ Sumerians, who drove the Jews to their capital in the Euphrates. ➔ The Hebrews remained “by the water of Babylon”. ➔ An omnipotent and righteous Creator, God, who selected the Hebrews as his chosen people. ➔ A coming Messiah who would restore the Jewish exceptional position lost through faithfulness. ➔ Holiness and obedience on the part of Jews as a condition of their restoration. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION Compulsory Oral Memorization Exposition Temple Worship ❖ White Varna (Brahmans / Brahmins) - it refers to the priests of scholars. HUMANITY it is primarily indebted to the Jews. ❖ Red Varna (Kshatriyas) - it refers to the rulers, administrators, and soldiers. MONOTHEISM it refers to the concept of one and ❖ Yellow Varna (Vaisyas) - it refers to peasants, only one God. farmers, and merchants. ❖ Black Varna (Sudras) - it refers to skilled artisans like potters, weavers, and basket makers & TEN It is a general guide to ethical servants. COMMANDMENTS conduct. ❖ Panchmans / Pariah / “Untouchables” - these people did the dirtiest jobs. The upper varnas’ are THE BIBLE It is the fountainhead. avoiding touching them and treating them badly. UNTOUCHABILITY WEEK 1.4: EARLY GREEK EDUCATION & ROMAN EDUCATION - It was abolished by law in India in 1950. - The Indian leader and teacher, Mahatma Gandhi, SPARTAN EDUCATION named the “untouchables” Harijans (children of God), but they prefer to call themselves Dalit - Spartan was the most powerful city-state in Ancient (depressed). Greece. - It was famous for military power and loyal soldiers. - Endurance, luxury, and firmness are part of the Spartan Virtues. |4  SPARTAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE ❖ Intellectual Training SPARTIATES - Born into or adopted by a Spartan Family. CONTRIBUTIONS - Could hold office and vote in the Assembly. - Owned land and paid community fees. Olympic games & free development of all - Were full-time soldiers, supported by estates. human capacities. PERIOECI - Had no Spartan parents or was an untrained ANCIENT ROMAN EDUCATION adult Spartan. - Had legal protections. - The Roman Empire spoke many languages and - Could not own land or vote. followed many different customs and religions. - Were merchants and artisans. - Bind together by a common system of law and government. HELOTS - It has an enormous influence on the development of - Born as slaves, descended from the first Western Civilization. inhabitants of the region. - Severely oppressed by Spartiates. - Worked the land and supported Spartiate AIMS OF EDUCATION families. - Could not own some personal property. ★ Application ★ Military TYPES OF EDUCATION ★ Moral ★ Religious ★ Civic ❖ Physical Education ★ Political ❖ Military Education ❖ Moral Training ❖ Music Education TYPES OF EDUCATION ❖ Gymnastic Education ❖ Physical & Military Training CONTRIBUTIONS ❖ Civil Training ❖ Moral Training ❖ Religious Development of patriotism, discipline, & military ❖ Vocational education. AGENCIES OF EDUCATION ATHENIAN EDUCATION ❖ Home - The leading cultural center of the Greek world. ❖ SHops & Farms - The government of ancient Athens provided an ❖ Military Camp example of democracy that inspired lawmakers ever ❖ Forum since. ❖ Private School - “School of Greece”. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION AIMS OF EDUCATION Direction ★ Military Imitation ★ Discipline Memorization ★ Good Education Discipline ★ Individual Excellence ★ Many-Sided Development SOME OF THE ROMAN TRAITS METHODS OF INSTRUCTION The Romans were not truly interested in cultural aspects of life. Training Wealth became the objective of most citizens. Participating Romans lacked drive for clean competition. Discipline & Training They prefer to be spectators rather than being Motivation participants. TYPES OF EDUCATION LATER ROMAN EMPIRE ❖ Civic Training - It is one of the world’s historic cities. ❖ Moral Training - Rome was called the Eternal City. ❖ Physical Training - It is one of the world’s most beautiful cities. |5  AIMS OF EDUCATION TYPES OF EDUCATION ★ Oratorical ❖ Moral Training - moral virtues. ★ Civic ❖ Spiritual Training - develop faith in God and Christ, spiritual virtues. ❖ Music Education - connection with Psalms and TYPES OF EDUCATION hymns. ❖ Speech Training AGENCIES OF EDUCATION & CONTENTS STUDIED ❖ Civic Training ❖ Literacy Education ❖ Vocational Education ❖ Home ❖ Church ❖ Catechumenal School - it is where simple AGENCIES OF EDUCATION instruction in religion was done; where baptism was done. ❖ Literrator (Teachers of Letters) ❖ Bishop School (Cathedral School) - direct control ❖ Gramarticus (Teacher of Grammar) of bishops. ❖ Rhetor (Teacher of Rhetoric) ❖ Monastic School - wished to become monks. ❖ Catechetical School - prepared for church leadership. METHODS OF EDUCATION ST. BENEDICT - founded the monastery as Monte Memorization Cassino. Drill & Writing Exercises BENEDICTINE RULE - christianity required Public Speaking Exercises complete withdrawal from worldly affairs. CONTRIBUTIONS SUB-TOPIC Methods of organization, management, & Catechetical Method - question and answer administration. method. Memorize WEEK 1.5: EARLY CHRISTIAN EDUCATION & MUSLIM Exposition & Exhortation (Preaching) EDUCATION Parable Method - short allegorical stories convey moral truths, lessons, practical, familiar practices in school life. CHRISTIAN EDUCATION OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS ➔ CHRISTIANITY - it is the religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. ➔ CHRISTIANS - it is called as most followers of Ideal Humanitarianism of Christ christianity. (new concept of individual & social responsibility) THREE (3) MAJOR GROUPS) Equality before God (regardless of sex, status, race) Christians Revolutionized Society Roman Catholic (system of morality) Protestant or Eastern Orthodox Conversion into Christianity Death & Resurrection - to free the human race MUSLIM EDUCATION from all the suffering and evil. ➔ MUSLIMS AIMS OF EDUCATION - Spelled moslems. - It practices the religion of Islam. ★ Moral Regeneration of the Individual - Arabic words means “one who submits to - It is the primary aim. God”. - It confined itself to the training of converts, - They are known as “standards bearers of clergy, and children. This kind of society learning”. could come (result) to transformation of ➔ ISLAM - it was preached by Muhammad. individuals. ➔ ALLAH - God of Islam. ★ Salvation ➔ FIRST MUSLIMS - Arabs. - To spread good news of salvation, always ➔ ARAB WORLD - it is a part of the middle east end of church activities, educational. which has a great impact of muslims. ➔ ARABIC - major language. ➔ ISLAM - chief religion. ➔ MOSLEM AKA - Moslem, Sacarens. |6  ➔ KORAN - holy scriptures. Library as Center of Learning MAJORITY OF ISLAM COMMUNITY WEEK 2: MEDIEVAL CONCEPT OF SPIRITUAL, POLITICAL, & ECONOMIC EDUCATION Middle East South East Asia MONASTICISM & RELIGIOUS DISCIPLINE North Africa. ➔ SAINT PATRICK AIMS OF EDUCATION - Converted Irish people to Christianity. - Founded the first monasticism monasteries. ★ Religious- religiousness in Islam. ★ Practical - apply science for practical purposes. ★ Scientific - develop or assimilate scientific ➔ SAINT. ANTHONY knowledge. - Founder of christian monasticism (Greek ★ Initiative Welfare - develop individual initiative and word “monos” which means “alone” / social welfare. “monachism” - dwelling noise. TYPES OF EDUCATION ➔ MONK / PRIEST - the one who adopts monastic. ➔ THREE VOWS - poverty, obedience, chastity. ❖ Religious Education - based on the Koran. ❖ Professional Education - medicine, mechanical, MONASTICISM commercial trades, and architecture (based on science). ❖ Vocational Education - arts and crafts, agriculture, - It comes from the Greek word “monos” which and animal breeding (based in science). means “alone”. ❖ Science Education - not only for sake of - It is sometimes called “monachism” that literally knowledge but especially for practical application. means “dwelling alone”. - Special form of religious community life. - The people who practice monasticism separate ORGANIZATIONAL GRADE LEVELS themselves from those who practice monasticism so they can follow the teachings of their religion. - It is regarded as the most perfect service to God MOSQUE - earliest educational setting, based on the Koran. and more effective means to personal satisfaction KUTTAB - teaching done in the house of the teacher. than other modes of living. - It is a manner of life led by monks characterized by vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. At age 5, the boys, girls, rich or poor enter elementary school. Elementary Schools - attached to mosques. AIMS OF EDUCATION After 3 years (age 8); the ★ Spiritual - salvation of individual and moral, and physical and discipline. Poor: stop and engage in some trade and industry. ★ Moral - attain ideals of chastity, give up family Rich: continue studying until age of 14, until relationships, adopt spiritual and religious secondary school. relationships. Secondary School - divided into 24 to 30 rooms, ★ Spiritual Knowledge - attain spiritual knowledge each room has 4 students. through meditation, contemplation, inspiration, University Levels ascotism. ★ Virtue - fasting, weaving coarse clothing. - Students and professors share accommodations. - Medical school and hospitals. AGENCIES OF EDUCATION METHODS OF INSTRUCTION ❖ Monasteries & Monastic Schools - It was the only agency for education during the middle ages aside from the parish and Repetition & Drill (Elementary) catholic schools. Memorization & Imitation (Teaching Islam) - It has seven liberal arts, namely; Lecture, Observation, Experimentation Seven Liberal Arts - curriculum of CONTRIBUTIONS monastic schools. TRIVIUM (Tres Viae, Three Hindu numbers, decimal system, simplified Roads) computation Grammar (Language / Algebra & Trigonometry Literature) Laboratory & Experimental Method Practical Application of Science Dialectic (Logic) |7  Rhetoric (Law) ARISTOTLE’S WRITING LOGIC QUADRIUM (Quattor Viae, Four - Influenced scholasticism. Roads) RANSELM (ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY) Geometry (Geography / - Father of scholasticism. History) Arithmetic (Study of Calendar) MAJOR SCHOLASTICS Music (Chant / Harmony) Astronomy (Heavenly Bodies) Saint Albertus Magnus Alexander of Hales TYPES OF EDUCATION Saint Thomas Aquinas - the most important scholastic. Roger Bacon ❖ Moral & Religious Training Saint Bonaventure ❖ Literacy Education Obert Grosseteste ❖ Manual Training THREE (3) ASPECTS OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONAL SAINT Philosophy about God and the Soul. THOMAS He believed that human beings need AQUINAS divine revelation to fill out and expand 1. Domestic Home - strictest hermits lived alone. such knowledge. 2. Economic Structure - vow of poverty, monks promised not to possess anything. JOHN DUNS They rejected aquinas’ emphasis on the 3. Political State - same type of life, did not constitute SCOTUS & reason; God's actions and purposes are a formal community. WILIAM OF unpredictable, and must be learned OCKHAM through revelation. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION AIMS OF EDUCATION Catechetical Method - question and answer method. Dictation - used due to scarcity of books. ★ Intellectual Discipline - essential aim. Memorization - memorize what was dictated to ★ Faith by Reason - supporting authority to interact, them. justify, reason, and substantiate. Language - Latin was the only language. Discipline - teacher uses rod to punish pupil. AGENCIES OF EDUCATION Meditation & Contemplation - deepest spiritual experience could be gained through divine inspiration. ❖ Parish Schools - children with special talents. ❖ Monastic & Cathedral Schools - schools of men, who became leaders of church as well as the state. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION ❖ Palace School - established by Charlemaigne for scions of nobility to train intelligent leaders. Preserving, and spreading learning & culture by ❖ University - stated as an association of teachers the Christian monasteries. chartered by the Pope of Holy Roman Emperor. Monasteries opposed the vices and corruption Independent of local ecclesiastical authority and of the medieval world. political or secular control. They were an influence in taming warlike spirits and refining the rustic customs of the Teutonic Universitas - it means “charter company”. people. Universitas Magistrorum Et Scholarium Dignity of Labor Stadiu Generale - entire body student. Facultas - group of masters teaching the SCHOLASTICISM & INTELLECTUAL DISCIPLINE same subject. ➔ SCHOLASTICISM TWO (2) CAMPS OF SCHOLASTIC - Revised beliefs and logical methods of instruction. SCHOLASTICS REALISTS CONCEPTUALISTS - It was a general designation for the BY SAINT ANSELM BY PETER ABELARD particular methods and tendencies to rationalize the doctrines of the christian He believed that ideas or He believed that ideas, church. concepts called “universals” concepts, or universals - It originated during the 1000s in schools are the only real entities and become real only when operated by the cathedral and the objects that we perceive expressed or represented monasteries. by the senses are only by their corresponding - In the mid 14th century, it gradually lost its representations of the object. influence. universals. |8  SUMMA THEOLOGIAE ★ Gallantry - Saint Thomas Aquinas; declared by Pope ★ Religiosity - to be devoted to the service of God. Leo XIII (1879). ★ Social Graces - train young girls in social graces and manners fit for ladies of nobility. AGENCIES OF EDUCATION KINDS OF SCHOLARLY TREATISES ❖ Home 1. Disputed Question - are nothing more than written ❖ Court accounts of actual classroom discussion. ❖ The Castle, Tournament Fields, & the Fields of 2. Disputed Question on Truth - Thomas Aquinas Battle teaching comprises 253 individual questions on ❖ Troubadours, Minnesingers, & Minstrels truth and goddess. 3. Summae - are systematic and organic developments on philosophy or theology in its CONTENTS STUDIED BY THE PUPIL entirely through question method. Religion, Music, Dancing (Girls) METHODS OF INSTRUCTIONS Horse Riding for Warfare, Hunting, Tournaments Physical Exercises Reading, Writing, Literature in Vernacular Argumentative Method / Disputed Method Good Manners, Right Conduct, Social Grades, & - Starting a preposition, thesis, or questions Embroidery - Setting down objections to the preposition Household Durites - Providing one side; and - Answering / disputing objections in order Lecture, Repetition, Disputation, & Examination CURRICULUM CONSISTED OF - Conducted according to recognized THE SEVEN (7) FREE ARTS principles and formalities. Aristotelian Logic - form of argument was the syllogism supplied by Aristotle. 1. Jousting - Major Premise / Larger Class (Term) 2. Falconing - Minor premise / Smaller Class (Middle 3. Swimming Term) 4. Horsemanship - Conclusion /Specific Case 5. Boxing 6. Writing & Singing Verse 7. Chess OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS METHOD OF INSTRUCTION Organization of University Emphasis on Intellectual Training Observation, Imitation, & Practice Apprenticeship - young noble was assigned to a CHIVALRY & AGE OF FEUDALISM Lord to learn. Motivation - social ideals, social standards, and ➔ FEUDALISM social approval. - General term used to describe the political and military system of western Europe TRAINING PREPARATION FOR KNIGHTFOOD during the middle ages. - It was a system of land tenure on allegiance and service to the nobleman or ➔ KNIGHTHOOD - parts of the feudal system of the Lord. middle ages. ➔ YOUNG BOY - training to be a knight and spent the first years of his life chiefly in the care of the women LORD - owned land, called fief. of his family. VASSAL - subordinate. 1. PAGE ➔ CHIVALRY Age 7, stay home with female teacher - Old French word “chevalerie” meaning Join household horse soldiery. Handle small weapons - The code of behavior and ethics that 2. SQUIRE knights were expected to follow. Age 14, assign to a knight Caring horses Helping armor AIMS OF EDUCATION 3. KNIGHT Age 21 ★ Morality - virtues of honor, courage, bravery, Receive swords courtesy. Ceremony bath of purification, dress in ★ Responsibility - to manage your own estates and white how to deal with lower class of people. ★ Horsemanship - train nobles to: horseback warfare, hunting, and tournaments. |9  OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION AS APPRENTICE - At 6 to 10 years old, boys were placed under a master’s guild. Use of Vernacular - An apprentice agreed to obey the master’s Learning of Social Grace, Etiquette, GMRC order. - He protects his master’s property and GUILD SYSTEM works industriously. - In return, the master promised to teach the apprentice a craft and provide food, - In the middle age, guilds were an association of clothes, and lodging. people who had common interests, or who were - At 18 years old, after giving proof of his engaged in the same work. People performed skill to the committee of examiners from charitable, religious, and social guilds. The the guild, the youth became a journeyman. members of religious guilds paid money into a - Apprentices who wanted to learn a trade common fund. Members who needed help because spend 5 to 12 years working under a of sickness or old age, receive relief known as alms. guildsman. The guilds arranged mass to be offered for members who died. The religious guilds were suppressed in England in the 1500s. These guilds AS JOURNEYMEN are known as; - He could move above and select the master with whom he wished to work. - Unmarried journeymen were likely to board 1. Merchant Guilds (Hansen) with their masters but they were paid - Merchant guilds were commercial wages for they learned enough to make organizations. their service for real value. - They operated independently - A journeyman who acquired enough from one another. money and knowledge of his own shop - Each guild created regulations and practiced the craft as a master. that applied across towns. - Members controlled all wholesale and retail trade in the town. AS MASTERS - They imposed taxes (tolls). - A master had to do a special piece of work “the masterpiece” as proof of his skill. - Masters had their own shops, in which 2. Craft Guilds their journeymen and apprentice worked. - In the 1100s and 1200s, people of - The masters controlled the guild. the same craft or occupation - They decided the number of apprentices began forming their own guilds. that might be admitted to a guild. - These guilds grew numerous in - They made rules to ensure that the work of the 1200s and 1300s. the members was of good quality. - Each craft has its own guild, with - Guildsmen were not allowed to work at large towns having 20 to 30 major night. The quality of their work might suffer guilds. due to poor lightning. Bowyers (Makers of Bows) GUILDS Fletchers (Makers of Arrows) - They could expel members who broke the rules. Girdles - The craft guilds helped any sick member. (Makers of Girdles) - Each guild has its own patron saint and guildsmen Hatters went to church together and dined together on Skinners certain feast days. Weavers DECLINE OF THE GUILD SYSTEM THREE (3) WAYS TO BECOME GUILD Growth of Capitalistic Industry - A person could become a member of a guild in one - The guilds began to decline in the 1300s, of the three ways: with the development of trade and industry, 1. Patrimony - Succeeding a Parent journeymen became more numerous than 2. Redemptions - Buying Membership masters. It was no longer easy for a 3. Apprenticeship - Serving Term of Training journeyman to become a master. & Craft Struggle of Producing Guilds APPRENTICESHIP - Town revolution occurred in numerous places throughout Europe, most revolts representing protests against exploration - It is the common method of becoming a member of by the rich. a craft guild. The guilds made rules to govern the duties and rights of the apprentices. | 10  Change to The Domestic System PREPARED AND ARRANGED BY: - Peasants and their families worked in their house and were paid a piece wage for their finished products. Strict Control on Trade Christine P. Maximo - Journeymen formed guilds of their own called journeymen guilds, but never PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OLFU-QC, acquired the importance of guilds. The EDUCATIONAL COMMITTEE strict control that they exercised on trade hindered the growth of industry and finally caused their own decline. CHECKED BY: AIMS OF EDUCATION ★ Business Interest & Preparation for Commercial Nicole P. Hernandez & Industrial Life PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OLFU-QC, HEAD OF - To protect the business interest of the EDUCATIONAL COMMITTEE members and to have a more lasting influence in commercial and industrial life. ★ Vocational Preparation - To prepare their children to take over their fathers occupation. Lian Jill Magallenes AGENCIES OF EDUCATION PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OLFU-QC, OFFICER-IN-CHARGE OF EDUCATIONAL COMMITTEE ❖ Burgher School - It was for the children of the bourgeoisie or middle class. Note: This reviewer is exclusively for the students of the - This school was controlled and supported Psychology Department at OLFU-QC. Kindly refrain from by the cities. sharing this material outside the program or the university, as it constitutes our intellectual property. Thank you. ❖ Chantry School - It was for the children of wealthy Disclaimer: We disclaim any responsibility if the content of merchants. this reviewer does not appear in the actual exam. Please - These schools were established at the refer to your professor’s materials, such as textbooks or request of the rich merchants and traders presentation slides, for further information. on condition that special priests would be employed for chant masses. References: ❖ Guild School - it was for the children of craftsmen. Powerpoint & Professor based. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION Observation, Imitation, Practice - These were the activities used in apprenticeship. Dictation, Memorization, Catechetical Methods - These were used in the burgher and chantry schools. Discipline - It is imperative. - the master could be harsh to his pupil. - Priests were usually employed to teach in the schools. OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION Vocational Training / Manpower Development Apprenticeship | 11