FME11L Module 2: Modern Pneumatic, Electropneumatic Fundamentals PDF

MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS Module 2: MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS Lesson 1: Pneumatic Control Lesson 2: Overview of FESTO Fluidsim Lesson 3: Single/Double Acting Cylinders, (One Way) Flow...

MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS Module 2: MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS Lesson 1: Pneumatic Control Lesson 2: Overview of FESTO Fluidsim Lesson 3: Single/Double Acting Cylinders, (One Way) Flow Control Valves, Directional Control Valves Lesson 4: Service units, DCV Actuation Types, Sensors, Shuttle Valves, (Pneumatic OR), Two Pressure Valves (Pneumatic AND), Compressed Air Supply Sources, Quick Exhaust Valves Lesson 5: Solenoids, Impulse DCV vs Spring Return DCV, Electric Input Elements, Electric Output Elements, Electro Pneumatics Lesson 6: Electric Control Circuits, On Delay Timer MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS Lesson 1: REVIEW OF THE PNEUMATIC CONTROL The word ‘Pneuma’ means breath or air. Pneumatics is application of compressed air in automation. In Pneumatic control, compressed air is used as the working medium, normally at a pressure from 6 bar to 8 bar. Using Pneumatic Control, maximum force up to 50 kN can be developed. Actuation of the controls can be manual, Pneumatic or Electrical actuation. Signal medium such as compressed air at pressure of 1-2 bar can be used [Pilot operated Pneumatics] or Electrical signals [ D.C or A.C source- 24V – 230V ] can be used [Electro pneumatics] 1.1 Characteristics of Compressed Air The following characteristics of Compressed air speak for the application of Pneumatics Abundance of supply of air Transportation Storage Temperature Explosion Proof Cleanliness Speed Regulation Overload Proof 1.2 Selection Criteria for Pneumatic Control System Stroke Force Type of motion [Linear or Angular motion] Speed Size Service Sensitivity Safety and Reliability Energy Cost Controllability MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS Handling Storage 1.3 Advantages of Pneumatic Control Unlimited Supply Storage Easily Transportable Clean Explosion Proof Controllable (Speed, Force) Overload Safe Speed of Working Elements Disadvantages Cost Preparation Noise Pollution Limited Range of Force (only economical up to 25 kN) 1.4 General Applications of Pneumatic Control Clamping Shifting Metering Orienting Feeding Ejection Braking Bonding Locking Packaging Feeding Door or Chute Control Transfer of Material Turning or Inverting of Parts Sorting of Parts Stacking of Components Stamping and Embossing of components 1.5 Applications in Manufacturing Drilling Operation MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS Turning Milling Sawing Finishing Forming Quality Control 1.6 Structure of Pneumatic Control System Figure 1.1 Structure of Pneumatic Control System A typical Pneumatic control system comprises of the above groups of components. In direct actuation controls signal processing group is not required. In electro pneumatic Control signal processing can be carried out using combination of relays and contractors or using PLC. The final control valves are solenoid actuated in the case of electro pneumatic controls MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS Lesson 2: INTRODUCTION TO FLUIDSIM 2.1 About FluidSim FluidSIM is a teaching tool for simulating pneumatics, hydraulics, electrics/electronics and digital technique. It can be used in combi-nation with the Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG training hardware, but also independently. FluidSIM was developed as a joint venture between the University of Paderborn, Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG, Denkendorf, and Art Systems Software GmbH, Paderborn. For this course, we will only use the pneumatics feature of Fluidsim. Installers and manuals have been provided to the class. 2.2 The Pneumatic Components In the succeeding parts of this lecture, the Pneumatic Components of Fluidsim will be presented for your reference. Supply Elements 1. Compressed air supply The compressed air supply provides the needed compressed air. It contains a pressure control valve that can be adjusted to output the desired operating pressure. 2. Compressor The compressor provides the necessary compressed air. The pres- sure is restricted to the preset operating pressure. 3. Compressor, adjustable MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS The adjustable compressor provides the necessary compressed air, whereby the maximum flow rate can be adjusted under Actual operating conditions and in the simulation. The pressure is restrict- ed to the preset operating pressure. 4. Air service unit, simplified representation The service unit is made up of a compressed air filter with water separator and a pressure control valve. 5. Air service unit The service unit is made up of a compressed air filter with water separator and a pressure control valve. 6. Start-up valve with filter control valve The filter with water separator cleans the compressed air of dirt, pipe scale, rust and condensate. The pressure regulator adjusts the compressed air supplied to the set operating pressure and com- pensates for pressure fluctuations. The pressure gauge shows the preset pressure. The on/off valve exhausts the entire control. 7. Manifold The manifold enables a control system to be supplied with com- pressed air eight individual connections. 8. Air pressure reservoir The air pressure reservoir serves as compensation for pressure fluctuations and is utilized (as a reservoir) for abruptly occurring air consumption. Large time delays can be attained when used in conjunction with time delay- and throttle valves. 9. Air pressure reservoir (2 Connections) The air pressure reservoir serves as compensation for pressure fluctuations and is utilized (as a reservoir) for abruptly occurring air consumption. Large time delays can be attained when used in conjunction with time delay- und throttle valves. 10. Filter The compressed air filter removes contamination from the com- pressed air. The size of the filterable particles is dependent upon the filter class. 11. Filter, manual condensate drain The compressed air filter removes contamination from the com- pressed air. The size of the filterable particles is dependent upon the filter class. Condensation, which can occur through sinking temperatures or the expansion of the compressed air, can be man- ually drained off. 12. Filter, automatic condensate drain The compressed air filter removes contamination from the com- pressed air. The size of the filterable particles is MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS dependent upon the filter class. Condensation, which can occur through sinking temperatures or the expansion of the compressed air, is automati- cally drained off. 13. Water separator The water separator drains off accrued water. 14. Water separator, automatic condensate drain The water separator drains off accrued water and is automatically emptied. 15. Lubricator The lubricator enriches the compressed air with oil. 16. Cooler The cooler cools the compressed air. 17. Adsorption dryer The adsorption dryer reduces the humidity in the compressed air. 18. Connection (pneumatic) A pneumatic connection is a place where a pneumatic line can be attached to. To simplify the line drawing process, a connection appears as a small circle in Edit Mode. Pneumatic connections can be shut by means of a blind plug. An open pneumatic connection may result in leaking air; FluidSIM-P thus pops up a warning mes- sage, if some pneumatic connection was left open. Note that at each pneumatic connection values for the flow and pressure can be displayed. 19. Line (pneumatic) A pneumatic line links two pneumatic connections. Note that a pneumatic connection may be a simple pneumatic connection or a T-junction. A pneumatic line causes no pressure drop, i. e., it has no fluidic resistance. From a drawing point of view, FluidSIM distin- guishes between control lines and main lines. The former is repre- sented by a dashed line, the latter is represented by a solid line and establishes the default case. 20. T-junction (pneumatic) A T-junction joins up to four pneumatic lines, thus having a single pressure potential. Note that T-junctions are introduced automati- cally by FluidSIM when dropping the line drawing cursor onto another line in Edit Mode. Configurable Way Valves 21. Configurable 2/n way valve MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS The configurable 2/n way valve is a way valve with two connec- tions, where both its body elements operation modes are user- definable. Additionally, the pneumatic connections can be closed with either blind plugs or exhausts. 22. Configurable 3/n way valve The configurable 3/n way valve is a way valve with two connec- tions, where both its body elements operation modes are user- definable. Additionally, the pneumatic connections can be closed with either blind plugs or exhausts. 23. Configurable 4/n way valve The configurable 4/n way valve is a way valve with two connec- tions, where both its body elements operation modes are user- definable. Additionally, the pneumatic connections can be closed with either blind plugs or exhausts. 24. Configurable 5/n way valve The configurable 5/n way valve is a way valve with two connec- tions, where both its body elements operation modes are user- definable. Additionally, the pneumatic connections can be closed with either blind plugs or exhausts. 25. Configurable 6/n way valve The configurable 6/n way valve is a way valve with two connec- tions, where both its body elements operation modes are user- definable. Additionally, the pneumatic connections can be closed with either blind plugs or exhausts. 26. Configurable 8/n way valve The configurable 8/n way valve is a way valve with two connec- tions, where both its body elements operation modes are user- definable. Additionally, the pneumatic connections can be closed with either blind plugs or exhausts. Mechanically Operated Directional Valves 27. 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed The roller lever valve is operated by pressing on the lever, for example through the use of a switching cam of a cylinder. The flow passes through from 1 to 2. After releasing the lever, the valve returns to its initial position through the use of a return spring. Connection 1 is shut. In the Simulation Mode, the valve can be switched manually by clicking on the component, thus not requiring a cylinder to operate the valve. This valve is derived from a config- urable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS 28. 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally open The roller lever valve is operated by pressing on the lever, for example through the use of a switching cam of a cylinder. Connec- tion 1 is shut. After releasing the lever, the valve returns to its initial position through the use of a return spring. The flow may pass through freely from 1 to 2. In the Simulation Mode, the valve can be switched manually by clicking on the component, thus not requiring a cylinder to operate the valve. This valve is derived from a configurable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 29. 3/2-way idle return roller valve, normally closed The idle return roller valve is operated when the roller is driven in a specific direction by the switching cam of a cylinder. After releasing the roller, the valve returns to its initial position through the use of a return spring. Connection 1 is shut. When the roller is driven in the opposite direction, the valve is not operated. In the Simulation Mode, the valve can be switched manually by clicking on the com- ponent, thus not requiring a cylinder to operate the valve. This valve is derived from a configurable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 30. Pressurizing valve The pressurizing valve with plunger control is operated by the surface of the cylinder cam. When the plunger is operated, com- pressed air flows freely until the nozzle is closed. A signal up to the level of the boost pressure is assembled at exit connection 2. In the Simulation Mode, the valve can be switched manually by click- ing on the component, thus not requiring a cylinder to operate the valve. 31. Pneumatic proximity switch, solenoid operated A permanent solenoid found on the piston of a cylinder drives this 3/2 pneumatic directional valve and triggers the control signal. The flow passes freely from 1 to 2. In the Simulation Mode, the valve can be switched manually by clicking on the component, thus not requiring a cylinder to operate the valve. This valve is derived from a configurable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 32. 3/2-way valve with pushbutton, normally closed Pressing the pushbutton operates the valve. The flow passes freely from 1 to 2. Releasing the pushbutton allows the valve to return to its starting position through the use of a return spring. Connection 1 is shut. By holding down the Shift key and simultaneously clicking on the component with the mouse cursor, FluidSIM keeps the valve in permanent operating position. Simply clicking on the component cancels the operated state and returns the valve to its starting position. This valve is derived from a configurable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 33. 3/2-way valve with pushbutton, normally open Pressing the pushbutton operates the valve. Connection 1 is shut. Releasing the pushbutton allows the valve to returns to its starting position through the use of a return spring. The passes freely from 1 to 2. By holding down the Shift key and simultaneously click- ing on the component with the mouse cursor, FluidSIM keeps the valve in permanent operating position. Simply clicking on the component cancels the operated state and returns the valve to its starting position. This valve is derived from a configurable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS 34. 3/2-way valve with selection switch or striking button Pressing the red striking button operates the valve. The flow passes freely from 1 to 2. Releasing the button has no effect; the valve remains in its operating position. Turning the button to the right sets the striking button back to its original position and the valve returns to its starting position through the use of a return spring. Connection 1 is shut. This valve is derived from a configurable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 35. 5/2-way valve, with selection switch Turning the selection switch operates the valve. The flow passes freely from 1 to 4. Releasing the switch has no effect; the valve remains in its operating position. Turning the switch back to its original position allows the flow to pass freely from 1 to 2. This valve is derived from a configurable 5/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. Solenoid Operated Directional Valves 36. 3/2-way solenoid valve, normally closed The solenoid valve is controlled by applying a voltage signal at the solenoid coil. The flow passes freely from 1 to 2. By stopping the signal the valve is set back to its starting position through the use of a return spring. Connection 1 is shut. If no signal is applied to the valve, it can be manually operated. This valve is derived from a configurable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 37. 3/2-way solenoid valve, normally open The solenoid valve is controlled by applying a voltage signal at the solenoid coil. Connection 1 is shut. By stopping the signal the valve is set back to its starting position through the use of a return spring. The flow passes freely from 1 to 2. If no signal is applied to the valve, it can be manually operated. This valve is derived from a configurable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 38. 5/2-way solenoid valve The solenoid valve is controlled by applying a voltage signal at the solenoid coil. The flow passes freely from 1 to 4. By stopping the signal the valve is set back to its starting position through the use of a return spring. The flow passes freely from 1 to 2. If no signal is applied to the valve, it can be manually operated. This valve is derived from a configurable 5/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 39. 5/2-way solenoid impulse valve The solenoid valve is controlled by applying a voltage signal at the solenoid coil (flow passes from 1 to 4) and remains in this operat- ing position even when the signal is cut off. Only by applying an opposite signal will the valve return to its starting position (flow passes freely from 1 to 2). If no signal is applied to the valve, it can be manually operated. This valve is derived from a configurable 5/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Fre- quently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 40. 5/3-way solenoid valve, mid-Position closed MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS The solenoid valve is controlled by applying a voltage signal at the solenoid coil (flow passes from 1 to 4 or from 1 to 2). By stopping the signal the valve is set back to its starting position through the use of a return spring. Connections 1, 2, and 4 are shut. If no signal is applied to the valve, it can be manually operated. This valve is derived from a configurable 5/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 20.1.1 Pneumatically Operated Directional Valves 41. 3/2-way valve, pneumatically operated, normally closed The pneumatic valve is controlled by applying a pilot pressure at connection 12. The flow passes freely from 1 to 2. By stopping the signal the valve is set back to its starting position through the use of a return spring. Connection 1 is shut. This valve is derived from a configurable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu 42. 3/2-way valve, pneumatically operated, normally open The pneumatic valve is controlled by applying a pilot pressure at connection 10. Connection 1 is shut. By stopping the signal the valve is set back to its starting position through the use of a return spring. The flow passes freely from 1 to 2. This valve is derived from a configurable 3/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 43. 5/2-way valve, pneumatically operated The pneumatic valve is controlled by applying a pilot pressure at connection 14. The flow passes freely from 1 to 4. By stopping the signal the valve is set back to its starting position through the use of a return spring. The flow passes freely from 1 to 2. This valve is derived from a configurable 5/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 44. 5/2-way impulse valve, pneumatically operated The pneumatic valve is controlled by applying reciprocal pilot pressures at connection 14 (flow passes from 1 to 4) and connec- tion 12 (flow passes from 1 to 2). The valve’s operating position remains until an opposite signal is received by the valve. This valve is derived from a configurable 5/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 45. 5/3-way pneumatic valve, mid-Position closed The pneumatic valve is controlled by applying reciprocal pilot pressures at connection 14 (flow passes from 1 to 4) and connec- tion 12 (flow passes from 1 to 2). By stopping the signals the valve is set back to its starting position through the use of a return spring. Connections 1, 2, and 4 are shut. This valve is derived from a configurable 5/n way valve. You find this valve in the component library “Frequently used Way Valves”, under the menu. 46. Low pressure amplifier unit, 2 compartments Each of the two double-level low pressure amplifier units has the function of a 3/2 directional valve that is normally closed. The signal at connection 12 is raised to a higher boost pressure level through the use of a double-level amplifier and is put out by con- nection 2. MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS Shutoff Valves and Flow Control Valves 47. Shuttle valve The shuttle valve is switched based on the compressed air entering into either input connection 1 and leaving via an output connection 2. Should both input connections begin receiving compressed air, the connection with the higher pressure takes precedence and is put out (OR function). 48. Quick exhaust valve The compressed air passes from connection 1 to connection 2. If the pressure should decrease at connection 1, then the com- pressed air from connection 2 will escape to the outside via the installed silencer. 49. Two pressure valve The two pressure valve is switched based on the compressed air entering into both input connections 1 and leaving via an output connection 2. Should both input connections begin receiving com- pressed air, the connection with the lower pressure takes prece- dence and is put out (AND function). 50. Check valve If the inlet pressure at 1 is higher than the outlet pressure at 2, then the check valve allows the flow to pass, otherwise it blocks the flow. 51. Check valve, spring loaded If the inlet pressure at 1 is higher than the outlet pressure at 2 and the nominal pressure, then the check valve allows the flow to pass, otherwise it blocks the flow. s 52. Check valve with pilot control If the entering pressure at connection 1 is higher that the outgoing pressure at 2, the check valve allows the flow to pass freely. Other- wise, the valve stops the flow. Additionally, the check valve can be opened via the control line 12. This action allows the flow to pass freely in both directions. 53. Check valve with pilot control, spring loaded If the inlet pressure at 1 is higher than the outlet pressure at 2 and the nominal pressure, then the check valve allows the flow to pass, otherwise it blocks the flow. Additionally, the check valve can be released using the pilot line 12, thus enabling the flow in both directions. 54. Pilot to close check valve If the inlet pressure at 1 is higher than the outlet pressure at 2, then the non-return valve allows the flow to pass, otherwise it blocks the flow. Additionally, the non-return valve can be closed using the pilot line 10. MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS 55. Pilot to close check valve, spring loaded If the inlet pressure at 1 is higher than the outlet pressure at 2 and the nominal pressure, then the non-return valve allows the flow to pass, otherwise it blocks the flow. Additionally, the non-return valve can be closed using the pilot line 10. 56. Nozzle The nozzle represents a pneumatic resistance. 57. Throttle valve The setting of the throttle valve is set by means of a rotary knob. Please note that by the rotary knob no absolute resistance value can be set. This means that, in reality, different throttle valves can generate different resistance values despite identical settings. 58. Orifice The orifice represents a pneumatic resistance. 59. Orifice, adjustable The orifice represents a variable pneumatic resistance. 60. One-way flow control valve The one-way flow control valve is made up of a throttle valve and a check valve. The check valve stops the flow from passing in a cer- tain direction. The flow then passes though the throttle valve. The cross-section of the throttle is adjustable via a regular screw. In the opposite direction the flow can pass through the check valve. 61. Pneumatic counter The counter registers pneumatic signals starting at a predeter- mined number and counting backwards. If zero is reached, then the counter releases an output signal. This output signal continues until the counter is reset either by hand or from at signal at connec- tion 10. 62. Time delay valve, normally closed The time delay valve is actuated by a pneumatic signal at port 1 after a preset time delay has elapsed. It is returned to the normal position via return spring when the signal is removed. The time delay is infinitely adjustable by means of a regulating screw. The time delay is reset automatically within 200 ms. 63. Time delay valve, normally open MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS After the pilot signal is applied at port 10, a preset time elapses before the pneumatic timer is actuated. It returns to its initial position via a return spring once the signal is removed. The time delay is infinitely adjustable by means of a regulating screw. The time delay is reset automatically within 200 ms. 64. Ring sensor The ring sensor is a non-contact pneumatic signal output module. It is supplied with low pressure at connection 1. If, due to an object, the entering air flow is disturbed, a low pressure signal will be put out by connection 2. To simulate an object in the air flow, as pre- sented above, simply click on the component during FluidSIM Simulation Mode. Pressure Operated Switches 65. 2-way pressure regulator valve The pressure regulator valve regulates the compressed air supply to the preset nominal pressure and equalizes pressure fluctuations. The valve closes when the pressure at connection 2 exceeds the nominal pressure. The setting for the real components is compo- nent dependent and cannot be changed. 2- way pressure regulator valve, adjustable The pressure regulator valve regulates the compressed air supply to the preset nominal pressure and equalizes pressure fluctuations. The valve closes when the pressure at connection 2 exceeds the nominal pressure. 66. Pressure regulator valve with manometer The pressure control valve regulates the supplied pressure based on the adjustable operating pressure and the variations in the pressure. The manometer displays the pressure at connection 2. 3- way pressure regulator valve The pressure regulator valve regulates the compressed air supply to the preset nominal pressure and equalizes pressure fluctuations. The compressed air is discharged via connection 3 when the pres- sure at connection 2 exceeds the nominal pressure. The setting for the real components is component dependent and cannot be changed. 67. 3-way pressure regulator valve, adjustable The pressure regulator valve regulates the compressed air supply to the preset nominal pressure and equalizes pressure fluctuations. The compressed air is discharged via connection 3 when the pres- sure at connection 2 exceeds the nominal pressure. 68. Closing pressure compensator The pressure compensator represents a pressure dependent pneumatic resistance. The pressure compensator closes when the pressure difference p3-p4 exceeds the nominal pressure. A pres- sure regulating valve is implemented by the combination of connec- tions 2 and 3. The nominal pressure setting of the real components is component dependent and cannot be changed. 69. Closing pressure compensator, adjustable The pressure compensator represents a pressure dependent pneumatic resistance. The pressure compensator closes when the pressure difference p3-p4 exceeds the nominal pressure. A pres- sure regulating valve is implemented by the MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS combination of connec- tions 2 and 3. 70. Opening pressure compensator The pressure compensator represents a pressure dependent pneumatic resistance. The pressure compensator opens when the pressure difference p3-p4 exceeds the nominal pressure. A se- quence valve is implemented by the combination of connections 1 and 3. The nominal pressure setting of the real components is component dependent and cannot be changed. 71. Opening pressure compensator, adjustable The pressure compensator represents a pressure dependent pneumatic resistance. The pressure compensator opens when the pressure difference p3-p4 exceeds the nominal pressure. A se- quence valve is implemented by the combination of connections 1 and 3. Pressure Operated Switches 72. Analog pressure sensor The pressure sensor measures the pressure and operates the pressure switch when the adjustable switching pressure has been exceeded. 73. Vacuum switch The vacuum switch operates the linked pressure switch, when the pressure falls below the adjustable switching pressure. If the sym- bol is used as a pressure switch the respective switch is operated when the pressure exceeds the switching pressure. 74. Differential pressure switch The differential pressure switch can be employed as a pressure switch (connection P1), a vacuum switch (connection P2) or as a differential pressure switch (P1-P2). The respective pneumatic to electric converter is operated when the difference in pressure between P1-P2 exceeds the adjustable switching pressure. Vacuum Technique 75. Vacuum suction nozzle The vacuum suction nozzle creates its vacuum based on the ejector principle. In this case, compressed air flows from connection 1 to 3 76. Vacuum suction nozzle MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS The vacuum suction nozzle creates its vacuum based on the ejector principle. In this case, compressed air flows from connection 1 to 3, creating a vacuum at connection 1v. A sucker can be connected to the vacuum connection 1v. Stopping the input of compressed air at connection 1 stops any suction also. 77. Vacuum generator with ejector pulse Vacuum generator with ejector pulse 78. Sucker The sucker can be used in connection with the vacuum suction nozzle to suck in objects. In order to put down or to lift the sucker in FluidSIM click on the component in simulation mode. 79. Suction gripper Suction gripper with vacuum security valve. 80. Adjustable vacuum actuator valve The vacuum actuator valve is employed through the conversion of a vacuum signal. As soon as the vacuum reaches the adjustable value at connection 1v, the attached valve body is switched. Valve Groups 81. Pressure sequence valve The sequence valve is operated when the control pressure at con- nection 12 has been reached. The flow passes freely from 1 to 2. Removing the signal allows the valve to return to its starting posi- tion through the use of a return spring. Connection 1 is shut. The pressure of the control signal is infinitely adjustable via a pressure setting screw. 82. Time delay valve, normally closed The time delay valve is made up of a pneumatically operated 3/2- way valve, a one-way flow control valve, and small air accumulator. When the necessary pressure is reached at the control connection 12 of the unit, the 3/2-way valve switches and the flow passes freely from 1 to 2. 83. Time delay valve, normally open The time delay valve is made up of a pneumatically operated 3/2- way valve, a one-way flow control valve, and small air accumulator. When the necessary pressure is reached at the control connection 10 of the unit, the 3/2-way valve switches and stops the flow from passing between 1 and 2. 84. Stepper module, type TAA The stepper module is made up of a memory unit (3/2-way impulse valve), an AND and an OR component, a viewable MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS announcement, and an auxiliary manual operation. 85. Stepper module, type TAB The stepper module is made up of a memory unit (3/2-way impulse valve), an AND and an OR component, a viewable announcement, and an auxiliary manual operation. 86. Quickstepper The Quickstepper is a ready to be fitted, mechanical/pneumatic control device with 12 in- and outputs. The outputs are successive- ly synchronized with the input signals. 87. Two-hand control block ZSB The two-hand control block ZSB is a pneumatic AND function. Continuous valves 88. 5/3-way proportional valve The proportional valve transforms an analog electrical input signal into corresponding opening cross-sections at the outputs. At half nominal voltage i.e. 5 V, the pneumatic mid-position is taken. Here all leading edges are closed, so that no air flows through the valve. Beneficial static and dynamic characteristics with minimal hystere- sis (less than 0,3 %), short actuating time (typically 5 ms), and a higher upper frequency limit (approx. 100 Hz), are achieved through an integrated electronic position control for the slide distance. Thus the valve, as control element and especially in combination with a higher ranked position controller, is suitable for the positioning of a pneumatic cylinder. Actuators 89. Configurable cylinder The configurable cylinder can be customized via its properties dialog. Almost any combination of piston type (single- acting, dou- ble-acting), the specification of the piston rods (double ended, with magnetic coupling or slide) and the number (none, one, two) is possible. An end position cushioning (without, with, adjustable) can also be defined. FluidSIM automatically adjusts the symbol according to the preset configuration. In addition, a load to be moved (including possible static and sliding friction) and a variable force profile can be defined in the properties dialog. In the compo- nent library of FluidSIM there are several pre-configured cylinders that can be inserted in your circuit and directly used. Should no suitable symbol be available, then simply choose the component with the most similarity to the required component, open the prop- erties dialog and adjust the configuration accordingly. 90. Single acting cylinder The piston rod of a single acting cylinder is operated by the input of compressed air at the front end position. When the compressed air is shut off, the piston returns to its starting position via a return spring. The piston of the cylinder contains a permanent solenoid which can be used to operate a proximity switch. 91. Single acting cylinder with return spring The piston of the single acting cylinder is extended to its back position by the input of compressed air. When the compressed air is switched off, a return spring moves the piston back to its front position. MODERN PNEUMATIC, ELECTROPNEUMATIC FUNDAMENTALS 92. Double acting cylinder The piston rod of a double acting cylinder is operated by the recip- rocal input of compressed air at the front and back of the cylinder. The end position damping is adjustable via two regular screws. The piston of the cylinder contains a permanent solenoid which can be used to operate a proximity switch. 93. Double acting cylinder with in and out piston rod The in and out piston rod of the double acting cylinder is controlled by alternating the compressed air input. The cushioning can be adapted with two adjustment screws. 94. Double acting cylinder with two in and out piston rods and single trestle. This twin cylinder has two in and out piston rods that move in parallel and that are coupled by a trestle. The construction guaran- tees minimum torsion when positioning and moving tools or as- semblies. Moreover, coming along with the same construction height, the double piston rod conveys the double force as com- pared to standard cylinders. 95. Double acting cylinder with two in and out piston rods and double trestle. This twin cylinder has two in and out piston rods that move in parallel and that are coupled by a double trestle. The construction guarantees minimum torsion when positioning and moving tools or assemblies. Moreover, coming along with the same construction height, the double piston rod conveys the double force as com- pared to standard cylinders. 96. Multiple position cylinder By connecting two cylinders of same piston diameter but different maximum stroke three piston stop positions can be realized. From the first stop position the third stop can be reached either directly or via the intermediate stop. Note that the maximum stroke of the second piston must be larger than the preceding one. When moving back, an intermediate stop requires a particular control. The shorter maximum stroke is half of the other maximum stroke. 97. Linear drive with solenoid coupling The sliding of the piston in the double rod cylinder is controlled by a reciprocal input of compressed air. 98. Pneumatic linear drive with shape-fitting adaptor The sledge of the double acting cylinder without a piston rod is controlled by alternating the compressed air input. This type of linear drive conveys forces by means of a shape-fitting piston- sledge construction. The slitted cylinder prohibits the torsion of the slider. 99. Pneumatic linear drive with shape-fitting adaptor The sledge of the double acting cylinder without a piston rod is controlled by alternating the compressed air input. This type of linear drive conveys forces by means of a shape-fitting piston- sledge construction. The slitted cylinder prohibits the torsion of the slider. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION MODULE 2 Modern Pneumatic, Electro Pneumatic Fundamentals 100. Air motor The air motor transforms pneumatic energy into mechanical energy. 101. Semi-Rotary actuator The semi-rotary actuator is controlled by a reciprocal input of compressed air. In the end positions the semi-rotary actuator can activate switches or valves via labels. Measuring Instruments 102. Manometer The manometer displays the pressure at its connection. 103. Differential pressure gauge The differential pressure gauge displays the pressure difference between the adjacent pressures at the left and the right connection. 104. Pressure indicator An optical signal is activated when the pressure at the connection to the pressure indicator exceeds the preset switching pressure. 105. Pressure sensor, analog This symbol represents the pneumatic part of the analog pressure sensor. The analog pressure sensor measures the adjacent pres- sure and transforms it into a proportional electrical voltage signal. In the process, only pressures in the specified pressure ranges are considered. Within this range, the pressure in the voltage range from 0 V to 10 V is represented, i.e. the minimum pressure delivers 0 V and the maximum pressure 10 V. 106. Analog pressure sensor This symbol represents the pneumatic part of the analog pressure sensor. 107. Flow meter The flow meter measures the flow rate. Either the current flow or the total quantity flowed can be displayed. The component image is automatically adjusted accordingly 19 INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION MODULE 2 Modern Pneumatic, Electro Pneumatic Fundamentals 108. Flow meter, analog This symbol represents the pneumatic part of the analog flow meter. The analog flow meter measures the volumetric flow and transforms it into a proportional electrical voltage signal. In the process, only flow rates in the specified pressure ranges are con- sidered. Within this range, the flow rate in the voltage range from 0 V to 10 V is represented, i.e. the minimum volumetric flow delivers 0 V and the maximum volumetric flow 10 V. 20